Quantitative Environmental Risk Analysis for Human Health (eBook)

Robert A. Fjeld, Timothy A. DeVol, Nicole E. Martinez (Autoren)

eBook Download: EPUB

2023 | 2. Auflage
John Wiley & Sons (Verlag)
9781119675402 (ISBN)

Infos

QUANTITATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ANALYSIS FOR HUMAN HEALTH

An updated edition of the foundational guide to environmental risk analysis

Environmental risk analysis is a systematic process essential for the evaluation, management, and communication of the human health risk posed by the release of contaminants to the environment. Performed correctly, risk analysis is an essential tool in the protection of the public from the health hazards posed by chemical and radioactive contaminants. Cultivating the quantitative skills required to perform risk analysis competently is a critical need.

Quantitative Environmental Risk Analysis for Human Health meets this need with a thorough, comprehensive coverage of the fundamental knowledge necessary to assess environmental impacts on human health. It introduces readers to a robust methodology for analyzing environmental risk, as well as to the fundamental principles of uncertainty analysis and the pertinent environmental regulations. Now updated to reflect the latest research and new cutting-edge methodologies, this is an essential contribution to the practice of environmental risk analysis.

Readers of the second edition of Quantitative Environmental Risk Analysis for Human Health will also find:

• Detailed treatment of source and release characterization, contaminant migration, exposure assessment, and more
• New coverage of computer-based analytical methods
• A new chapter of case studies providing actual, real-world examples of environmental risk assessments

Quantitative Environmental Risk Analysis for Human Health is must-have for graduate and advanced undergraduate students in civil engineering, environmental engineering, and environmental science, as well as for risk analysis practitioners in industry, environmental consultants, and regulators.

Robert A. Fjeld, PhD, is an Emeritus Professor and Dempsey Chair of Environmental Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, USA. He is a pioneering researcher of quantitative human health risk assessment and the author of numerous related publications.

Timothy A. DeVol, PhD, CHP, is Toshiba Professor of Nuclear Engineering and Director of the Nuclear Environmental Engineering Sciences and Radioactive Waste Management Center at Clemson University. His research interests are on radioactive material detection and environmental health physics.

Nicole E. Martinez, PhD, CHP, is an Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University with a Joint Faculty Appointment at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Her research focuses on dosimetric modeling and the transport and effects of environmental contaminants.

Inhalt

1. Introduction

2. Fundamental Aspects of Environmental Modeling

3. Release Assessment

4. Environmental Transport Theory

5. Surface Water Transport

6. Surface Water Transport

7. Atmospheric Transport

8. Food Chain Transport

9. Exposure Assessment

10. Exposure Assessment

11. Dose-Response and Risk Characterization

12. Uncertainty and Sensitivity Analyses

13. Screening and Computational Resources

14. Case Studies

15. Ethics, Stakeholder Involvement, and Risk Communication

16. Environmental Risk Management

17. Environmental Laws and Regulations

Textauszug

LIST OF VARIABLES WITH COMMON EXAMPLE UNITS

α

≡

dispersivity, m

αF

≡

soil‐to‐skin adherence factor, mgs/cm2

αL

≡

longitudinal dispersivity, m

αflow

≡

first‐order rate constants for contaminant flow out of a volume, 1/s

αsettling

≡

first‐order rate constant for removal by settling, 1/s

A

≡

radioactivity, Bq or decays/s

A

≡

total cross‐sectional area of the medium, m2

Askin

≡

area of skin exposed, cm2

Bfish

≡

bioaccumulation factor for fish, L/kgfish

Bv

≡

bioaccumulation factor, kgs/kgv,wet

C

≡

contaminant concentration,

≡

average concentration, μg/m3

Ca

≡

contaminant concentration in air,

Cbeef

≡

contaminant concentration in beef, mgc/kgbeef

Cfish

≡

contaminant concentration in food, mgc/kgfish

Cfood

≡

contaminant concentration in food, mgc/kgfood

Cg,n

≡

Gaussian plume concentration for the nth set of hourly meteorological

measurements, μg/m3

Cmax

≡

maximum contaminant concentration, μg/m3

Cmedium

≡

contaminant concentration in medium, mgc/kgmedium or, mgc/Lmedium

Cmilk

≡

contaminant concentration in milk, mgc/Lmilk

Corganism

≡

contaminant concentration in organism, mgc/kgorganism

≡

sector‐averaged concentration, μg/m3

Cs

≡

contaminant concentration in solid (or soil) phase, mgc/kgs

Cs,ext

≡

extractable soil concentration, mgc/kgs

Css

≡

steady‐state contaminant concentration,

CT

≡

total contaminant concentration,

Cv

≡

contaminant concentration in vegetation, mgc/kgv,wet

≡

contaminant concentration in vegetation due to deposition on foliage,

mgc/kgv,wet

≡

contaminant concentration in vegetation due to uptake from the soil, mgc/kgv,wet

Cw

≡

contaminant concentration in the aqueous phase, mgc/Lw

≡

time‐integrated concentration,

≡

contaminant destruction rate density, mgc/(Lw s)

≡

settling rate density, mgc/(Lw s)

dm

≡

representative grain size (diameter), μm

D

≡

absorbed dose (radiation), Gy = J/kg

D

≡

dispersion coefficient, m2/s

≡

dose rate, mg/(kg d)

≡

true average daily dose rate, mg/(kg d)

≡

lifetime average daily dose rate, mg/(kg d)

DH

≡

mechanical dispersion coefficient, m2/s

DM

≡

molecular diffusion coefficient, m2/s

DT

≡

turbulent dispersion coefficient, m2/s

DL

≡

longitudinal dispersion coefficient, m2/s

DM

≡

effective molecular diffusion coefficient for porous media, m2/s

Ds

≡

stack diameter, m

DT

≡

total dose, mg/kg

DT,R

≡

absorbed dose to organ or tissue (T) from radiation (R), Gy = J/kg

ε

≡

removal efficiency

E

≡

effective dose (radiation), Sv

≡

effective dose rate, Sv/s

ET

≡

total effective dose (radiation), Sv

Ex

≡

(surface water) longitudinal dispersion coefficient, m2/s

fabs

≡

dermal absorption fraction

fi,j

≡

fraction of time that winds blow into the given sector under stability j

fv

≡

fraction of the contaminant that is intercepted by the vegetation

fmilk

≡

fraction of contaminant transferred to milk

fox

≡

fraction of sulfur oxidized to SO2 in the combustion process

fs

≡

fraction sorbed

fs

≡

fraction (by weight) of sulfur in the coal, kgS/kgcoal

F

≡

buoyancy flux, m4/s3

Fbeef

≡

beef transfer factor, d/kgbeef

Fmilk

≡

milk transfer factor, d/kgmilk

≡

contaminant generation rate density, mgc/(L s)

≡

total (aqueous and solid phase) contaminant generation rate density, mgc/(L s)

g

≡

acceleration due to gravity, m2/s

h

≡

stack height, m

he

≡

effective release height, m

hpr

≡

plume rise height, m

hs

≡

physical release height, m

H

≡

hydraulic head, m

H

≡

height, m

I

≡

contaminant inventory, kg

I

≡

total amount of radioactivity taken into the body during the exposure, Bq

≡

irrigation rate, m/yr

≡

contaminant intake rate, mgc/d (for chemicals) or Bq/d (for...

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 29.8.2023
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Chemie
• Schlagworte: Angewandte Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung u. Statistik • Applied Probability & Statistics • Arbeitssicherheit • Arbeitssicherheit u. Umweltschutz i. d. Chemie • Cancer • Chemical and Environmental Health and Safety • Chemical Toxicity • Chemie • Chemistry • Computational tools • Contaminant concentration • Dose • Environmental Analysis • Exposure routes • Gaussian Plume Model • Laplace Transforms • Monte Carlo uncertainty propagation • radiation effects • risk driver • Stakeholder • Statistics • Statistik • Transport pathways • Umweltanalytik
• ISBN-13: 9781119675402 / 9781119675402