Earth Materials (eBook)
John Wiley & Sons (Verlag)
978-1-119-51219-6 (ISBN)
Earth Materials encompass the minerals, rocks, soil and water that constitute our planet and the physical, chemical and biological processes that produce them. Since the expansion of computer technology in the last two decades of the 20th century, many universities have compressed or eliminated individual course offerings such as mineralogy, optical mineralogy, igneous petrology, sedimentology and metamorphic petrology and replaced them with Earth materials courses. Earth materials courses have become an essential curricular component in the fields of geology, geoscience, Earth science, and many related areas of study. This textbook is designed to address the needs of a one- or two-semester Earth materials course, as well as individuals who want or need an expanded background in minerals, rocks, soils and water resources.
Earth Materials, Second Edition, provides:
- Comprehensive descriptive analysis of Earth materials
- Color graphics and insightful text in a logical integrated format
- Field examples and regional relationships with graphics that illustrate concepts discussed
- Examples of how concepts discussed can be used to address real world issues
- Contemporary references from current scientific journals related to developments in Earth materials research
- Summative discussions of how Earth materials are interrelated with other science and non-science fields of study.
- Additional resources, including detailed descriptions of major rock-forming minerals and keys for identifying minerals using macroscopic and/or optical methods are available online at www.wiley.com/go/hefferan/earthmaterials.
Earth Materials, Second Edition, is an innovative, visually appealing, informative and readable textbook that addresses the full spectrum of Earth materials.
Earth Materials Earth materials encompass the minerals, rocks, soil and water that constitute our planet and the physical, chemical and biological processes that produce them. Since the expansion of computer technology in the last two decades of the twentieth century, many universities have compressed or eliminated individual course offerings such as mineralogy, optical mineralogy, igneous petrology, sedimentology and metamorphic petrology and replaced them with Earth materials courses. Earth materials courses have become an essential curricular component in the fields of geology, geoscience, Earth science, and many related areas of study. This textbook is designed to address the needs of a one- or two-semester Earth materials course, as well as individuals who want or need an expanded background in minerals, rocks, soils and water resources. Earth Materials, Second Edition, provides: Comprehensive descriptive analysis of Earth materials Color graphics and insightful text in a logical integrated format Field examples and regional relationships with graphics that illustrate concepts discussed Examples of how concepts discussed can be used to address real world issues Contemporary references from current scientific journals related to developments in Earth materials research Summative discussions of how Earth materials are interrelated with other science and non-science fields of study Additional resources, including detailed descriptions of major rock-forming minerals and keys for identifying minerals using macroscopic and/or optical methods, are available online at www.wiley.com/go/hefferan/earthmaterials Earth Materials, Second Edition, is an innovative, visually appealing, informative and readable textbook that addresses the full spectrum of Earth materials.
Kevin Hefferan is Associate Professor in the Marine Science, Safety and Environmental Protection Department at Massachusetts Maritime Academy of Buzzards Bay, MA, USA. John O'Brien (retired) worked for 41 years in the Department of Geoscience-Geography (now Earth and Environmental Sciences) at New Jersey City State University.
Cover 1
Title Page 3
Copyright Page 4
Contents 5
Preface 6
Acknowledgments 8
About the Companion Website 10
Chapter 1 Earth materials and the geosphere 11
1.1 EARTH MATERIALS 11
1.2 MINERALS AND MINERALOIDS 11
1.2.1 Rocks 12
1.3 THE GEOSPHERE 13
1.3.1 Compositional layers 13
1.3.2 Mechanical layers 13
1.4 DETAILED MODEL OF THE GEOSPHERE 13
1.4.1 Earth’s crust 13
1.4.2 Earth’s Mantle 15
1.4.3 Earth’s core 17
1.5 GLOBAL TECTONICS 18
1.5.1 Introduction 18
1.5.2 Divergent plate boundaries 18
1.5.3 Convergent plate boundaries 22
1.5.4 Transform plate boundaries 25
1.6 HOTSPOTS AND MANTLE CONVECTION 27
CONTENT ASSESSMENT 29
REFERENCES 30
Chapter 2 Atoms, elements, bonds, and coordination polyhedra 32
2.1 ATOMS 32
2.1.1 The nucleus, atomic number, atomic mass number, and isotopes 33
2.1.2 The electron cloud 34
2.2 THE PERIODIC TABLE 36
2.2.1 Rows (periods) on the periodic table 37
2.2.2 Ionization 39
2.2.3 Ionization behavior of columns (groups) on the periodic table 41
2.2.4 Atomic and ionic radii 43
2.3 CHEMICAL BONDS 45
2.3.1 The basics 45
2.3.2 Ionic (electrostatic) bonds 46
2.3.3 Covalent (electron-sharing) bonds 47
2.3.4 Metallic bonds 50
2.3.5 Transitional (hybrid) bonds 50
2.3.6 Van der Waals and hydrogen bonds 52
2.4 PAULING’S RULES AND COORDINATION POLYHEDRA 53
2.4.1 Pauling’s rules and radius ratios 53
2.4.2 Electrostatic valency 54
2.5 THE CHEMICAL CLASSIFICATION OF MINERALS 55
2.5.1 The basics: silica tetrahedral linkage 56
CONTENT ASSESSMENT 57
REFERENCES 59
Chapter 3 Atomic substitution, phase diagrams, and isotopes 60
3.1 ATOMIC (IONIC) SUBSTITUTION 60
3.1.1 Simple ionic substitution 61
3.1.2 Coupled (paired) ionic substitution 63
3.1.3 Limited ionic substitution 64
3.2 PHASE STABILITY (EQUILIBRIUM) DIAGRAMS 65
3.2.1 The phase rule 65
3.2.2 One component phase diagram: silica polymorphs 66
3.2.3 Two component phase diagram: plagioclase 67
3.2.4 Two component phase diagram: diopside–anorthite 70
3.2.5 Two-component phase diagram: albite–orthoclase 74
3.2.6 Two component phase diagram: nepheline–silica 75
3.2.7 Two component phase diagram: forsterite–silica 77
3.3 ISOTOPES 80
3.3.1 Stable isotopes 80
3.3.2 Radioactive isotopes 83
CONTENT ASSESSMENT 90
REFERENCES 91
Chapter 4 Crystallography 93
4.1 CRYSTALLINE SUBSTANCES 93
4.1.1 Crystals and crystal faces 93
4.2 SYMMETRY OPERATIONS 95
4.2.1 Simple symmetry operations 95
4.2.2 Compound symmetry operations 98
4.3 TWO-DIMENSIONAL MOTIFS AND LATTICES (MESHES) 99
4.3.1 Plane point groups 99
4.3.2 Plane lattices and unit meshes 99
4.3.3 Plane lattice groups 100
4.4 THREE-DIMENSIONAL MOTIFS AND LATTICES 101
4.4.1 Space point groups 102
4.4.2 Bravais lattices, unit cells, and crystal systems 102
4.5 CRYSTAL SYSTEMS 105
4.5.1 Crystallographic axes 105
4.5.2 Crystal forms 107
4.6 INDEXING PLANES IN CRYSTALS 108
4.6.1 Axial ratios 108
4.6.2 Crystal planes and crystallographic axes 108
4.6.3 Unit faces or planes 110
4.6.4 Weiss parameters 111
4.6.5 Miller indices 112
4.6.6 Form indices 113
4.6.7 Common crystal forms in each system 114
4.7 TWINNED CRYSTALS 118
4.8 CRYSTAL DEFECTS 119
4.8.1 Point defects 120
4.8.2 Line defects 121
4.8.3 Planar defects 122
4.9 POLYMORPHS AND PSUEDOMORPHS 123
4.9.1 Polymorphs 123
4.9.2 Pseudomorphs 127
CONTENT ASSESSMENT 129
REFERENCES 129
Chapter 5 Mineral properties and rock-forming minerals 130
MINERAL FORMATION 130
5.2 CRYSTAL HABITS 131
5.2.1 Habits of individual crystals 131
5.2.2 Habits of mineral crystal aggregates 131
5.3 MACROSCOPIC MINERAL PROPERTIES 134
5.3.1 Static and mechanical properties 134
5.3.2 Optical and electromagnetic properties 145
5.4 SILICATE MINERALS 151
5.4.1 Nesosilicates (orthosilicates) 152
5.4.2 Sorosilicates (disilicates) 153
5.4.3 Cyclosilicates 153
5.4.4 Inosilicates 154
5.4.5 Phyllosilicates 156
5.4.6 Tectosilicates 158
5.5 NONSILICATE MINERALS 164
5.5.1 Native elements 164
5.5.2 Halides 165
5.5.3 Sulfides 165
5.5.4 Oxides 166
5.5.5 Hydroxides and oxyhydroxides 166
5.5.6 Carbonates 166
5.5.7 Borates 167
5.5.8 Sulfates 167
5.5.9 Phosphates 167
5.5.10 Tungstates and molybdates 168
5.5.11 Other nonsilicate minerals 168
CONTENT ASSESSMENT 168
REFERENCES 169
Chapter 6 Optical identification of minerals 170
6.1 ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION AND THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM 170
6.1.1 Electromagnetic radiation 170
6.1.2 The electromagnetic spectrum 171
6.2 ESSENTIALS OF OPTICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY 172
6.2.1 Light and crystals 172
6.2.2 The petrographic microscope 175
6.2.3 Modes of optical investigation 178
6.2.4 Conoscopic mode 188
6.3 THE OPTICAL INDICATRIX, INTERFERENCE FIGURES AND OPTIC SIGN DETERMINATIONS 189
6.3.1 The optical indicatrix 189
6.3.2 The isotropic indicatrix 189
6.3.3 The uniaxial indicatrix 190
6.3.4 The biaxial indicatrix 198
6.3.5 Biaxial interference figures 201
CONTENT ASSESSMENT 207
REFERENCES 208
Chapter 7 Igneous rock texture, composition, and classification 209
7.1 MAGMA AND IGNEOUS ROCKS 209
7.1.1 How do we classify igneous rocks? 210
7.1.2 Percent silica 210
7.1.3 Color index 211
7.1.4 Texture 212
7.2 CRYSTALLINE IGNEOUS TEXTURES 215
7.2.1 Pegmatitic textures 215
7.2.2 Phaneritic textures 215
7.2.3 Aphanitic textures 216
7.2.4 Porphyritic textures 216
7.2.5 The origin of crystalline textures 217
7.2.6 Textural equilibration 221
7.3 NONCRYSTALLINE TEXTURES 222
7.3.1 Glassy textures 222
7.3.2 Vesicular textures 224
7.3.3 Pyroclastic textures 225
7.4 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF IGNEOUS ROCKS 228
7.4.1 Major elements 228
7.4.2 Minor and trace elements 230
7.4.3 Element compatibility 232
7.5 MINERAL COMPOSITION OF IGNEOUS ROCKS 232
7.5.1 Major minerals 232
7.5.2 Accessory minerals 233
7.6 MINERAL COMPOSITION AND TERMINOLOGY 233
7.6.1 Determination of modal and normative mineral composition in igneous rocks 233
7.6.2 Descriptive terminology based on chemical composition 234
7.7 IUGS IGNEOUS ROCK CLASSIFICATION 236
7.7.1 IUGS plutonic rock classification 237
7.7.2 IUGS gabbroic rock classification 238
7.7.3 IUGS ultramafic rock classification 238
7.7.4 IUGS volcanic rock classification 239
7.7.5 IUGS classification drawbacks 239
7.7.6 Total alkali-silica (TAS) classification 241
CONTENT ASSESSMENT 242
REFERENCES 243
Chapter 8 Magma and intrusive structures 245
8.1 ROCK MELTING 245
8.1.1 Equilibrium melting 246
8.1.2 Fractional (disequilibrium) melting 246
8.2 FACTORS IN ANATEXIS AND INITIAL MELT COMPOSITION 246
8.2.1 Increasing temperature 246
8.2.2 Decreasing pressure 247
8.2.3 Volatile induced melting 247
8.2.4 Partial melting and melt composition 248
8.3 DIVERSIFICATION: DIFFERENTIATION, MIXING AND ASSIMILATION PROCESSES 249
8.3.1 Differentiation processes 249
8.3.2 Open system diversification processes 254
8.4 MAGMA SERIES 257
8.4.1 Calc-alkaline magma series 258
8.4.2 Tholeiite magma series 259
8.4.3 Alkaline magma series 259
8.4.4 Bimodal magmas 259
8.5 VARIATION DIAGRAMS 260
8.6 INTRUSIVE STRUCTURES 263
8.6.1 Batholiths and stocks 263
8.6.2 Concordant plutonic structures 264
8.6.3 Discordant plutonic structures: necks, diatremes, and dikes 266
CONTENT ASSESSMENT 270
REFERENCES 270
Chapter 9 Volcanic features and landforms 272
9.1 VOLCANOES 272
9.1.1 Craters, central vents, and fissure vents 272
9.1.2 Calderas 273
9.2 VOLCANO CLASSIFCATION, FEATURES, AND SETTINGS 274
9.2.1 Flood basalts 275
9.2.2 Ocean ridge fissure eruptions 276
9.2.3 Shield volcanoes 277
9.2.4 Pyroclastic cone volcanoes 283
9.2.5 Composite volcanoes 287
9.2.6 Rhyolite caldera complexes 298
9.2.7 Phreatomagmatic and phreatic eruptions 299
9.3 CLASSIFIYING VOLCANIC EXPLOSIVITY 303
9.3.1 Quiescent eruptions 303
9.3.2 Explosive eruptions 305
CONTENT ASSESSMENT 307
REFERENCES 308
Chapter 10 Igneous rock associations 310
10.1 PETROTECTONIC ASSOCIATIONS 310
10.2 DIVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARIES 312
10.2.1 Mid ocean ridge basalts (MORB) 314
10.3 CONVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARIES 315
10.3.1 Island arcs 321
10.3.2 Back arc basins 325
10.3.3 Continental margin arcs 326
10.3.4 Continental collision zones 326
10.3.5 Alpine orogenic complexes 329
10.3.6 Alaska-type (zoned) intrusions 330
10.4 INTRAPLATE IGNEOUS ACTIVITY 332
10.4.1 Oceanic intraplate magmatism 332
10.4.2 Continental intraplate igneous activity 334
10.4.3 Continental rifts 336
10.4.4 Bimodal volcanism 337
10.4.5 Layered mafic-ultramafic intrusions 339
10.4.6 Anorthosites, komatiites, and kimberlites 342
10.4.7 Lamprophyres and lamproites 345
CONTENT ASSESSMENT 345
REFERENCES 345
Chapter 11 Weathering, sediment production, and soils 352
11.1WEATHERING 352
11.1.1 Disintegration 354
11.1.2 Decomposition 357
11.2 DISSOLVED SOLIDS 362
11.3 DETRITAL SEDIMENTS 362
11.3.1 Resistates and chemical stability 363
11.3.2 New minerals 366
11.4 SOILS 372
11.4.1 The importance of soils 373
11.4.2 Soil layers and horizons 374
11.4.3 Soil classifications 375
11.4.4 Soil mechanics 382
11.4.5 Buried soils and paleosols 387
CONTENT ASSESSMENT 389
REFERENCES 390
Chapter 12 The sedimentary cycle: Erosion, transportation, deposition, sedimentary structures, and environments 391
12.1 SEDIMENTS AND SEDIMENTARY ROCKS 391
12.2 THE SEDIMENTARY CYCLE 392
12.3 STRATIFICATION AND SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENTS 393
12.4 AGENTS OF EROSION, SEDIMENT DISPERSION AND DEPOSITION 395
12.4.1 Water-deposited sediments 396
12.4.2 Wind (eolian) and wind-deposited sediments 409
12.4.3 Glaciers and glacial sediments 413
12.4.4 Mass (sediment gravity) flows and their deposits 418
CONTENT ASSESSMENT 425
REFERENCES 426
Chapter 13 Detrital sediments and sedimentary rocks 428
13.1 TEXTURES OF DETRITAL SEDIMENTS 428
13.1.1 Particle size 429
13.1.2 Textural classification of detrital sediments 430
13.1.3 Central measures 432
13.1.4 Sorting 433
13.1.5 Particle shape 434
13.1.6 Porosity and permeability 437
13.1.7 Textural maturity 438
13.2 GRAVELSTONES 439
13.2.1 Gravelstone classification 439
13.2.2 Gravelstone particle shape 440
13.2.3 Gravelstone framework 440
13.2.4 Gravelstone composition 441
13.2.5 Gravelstone provenance 441
13.3 SANDSTONES 444
13.3.1 Sandstone classification 444
13.3.2 Sandstone provenance 445
13.4 MUDROCKS 449
13.4.1 Mudrock textures and structures 450
13.4.2 Mudrock composition and color 450
13.4.3 Mudrock deposition 452
13.4.4 Distinctive mudrock varieties 452
13.5 DIAGENESIS OF DETRITAL SEDIMENTS 454
13.5.1 Compaction and pressure solution 455
13.5.2 Dissolution and cementation 456
13.5.3 Additional diagenetic processes 459
13.5.4 Diagenetic structures 459
CONTENT ASSESSMENT 461
REFERENCES 462
Chapter 14 Biochemical sedimentary rocks 464
14.1 Introduction 464
14.2 CARBONATE SEDIMENTARY ROCKS 465
14.2.1 Carbonate mineralogy 465
14.2.2 Conditions for carbonate accumulation 466
14.2.3 Components of carbonate rocks 468
14.2.4 Classification of carbonate rocks 472
14.2.5 Carbonate depositional environments 477
14.2.6 Carbonate diagenesis 488
14.3 EVAPORITES 493
14.3.1 Marine evaporites 493
14.3.2 Lacustrine evaporites 497
14.4 SILICEOUS SEDIMENTARY ROCKS 498
14.5 IRON-RICH SEDIMENTARY ROCKS 500
14.5.1 Precambrian iron formations 500
14.5.2 Phanerozoic ironstones and otheriron-rich rocks 504
14.6 SEDIMENTARY PHOSPHATES 505
14.7 COAL AND OTHER CARBON-RICH SEDIMENTS AND MATERIALS 505
14.7.1 Coal 506
14.7.2 Petroleum: crude oil and natural gas 508
CONTENT ASSESSMENT 510
REFERENCES 511
Chapter 15 Metamorphism 513
15.1 METAMORPHISM: AN INTRODUCTION 513
15.1.1 Temperature 514
15.1.2 Pressure 516
15.1.3 Hydrothermal alteration 516
15.2 CLASSIFICATION OF COMMON METAMORPHIC ROCKS 518
15.3 COMMON PROTOLITH COMPOSITIONS 518
15.3.1 Pelites 518
15.3.2 Quartzofeldspathic rocks 521
15.3.3 Calcareous rocks 521
15.3.4 Mafic to intermediate rocks 522
15.3.5 Ultramafic rocks 522
15.4 METAMORPHIC PROCESSES 524
15.4.1 Cataclasis 524
15.4.2 Mylonitization 524
15.4.3 Diffusion 524
15.4.4 Pressure solution 525
15.4.5 Recrystallization 525
15.4.6 Neocrystallization 525
15.4.7 Differentiation 525
15.5 MAJOR TYPES OF METAMORPHISM 526
15.5.1 Impact (shock) metamorphism 526
15.5.2 Dynamic metamorphism 528
15.5.3 Contact metamorphism 528
15.5.4 Ocean floor metamorphism 529
15.5.5 Burial (static) metamorphism 530
15.5.6 Dynamothermal metamorphism 531
CONTENT ASSESSMENT 532
REFERENCES 532
Chapter 16 Metamorphism: stress, deformation, and structures 534
16.1 FORCE AND STRESS 534
16.1.1 Uniform (isotropic) stress 536
16.1.2 Non-uniform (anisotropic) stress 537
16.2 DEFORMATION 537
16.2.1 Principal strain axes 539
16.2.2 Strain kinematics 540
16.3 TYPES OF DEFORMATION 542
16.3.1 Elastic deformation 542
16.3.2 Plastic deformation 544
16.3.3 Rupture deformation 547
16.4 DEFORMATION STYLES AND MATERIAL BEHAVIOR 548
16.4.1 Brittle behavior 548
16.4.2 Ductile behavior 548
16.4.3 The brittle–ductile transition 548
16.4.4 Mineral deformation behavior 548
16.4.5 Rock deformation behavior (competency) 550
16.5 BRITTLE STRUCTURES 551
16.6 DUCTILE STRUCTURES 554
16.6.1 Folds 554
16.6.2 Ductile shear zones 558
16.7 SMALL-SCALE PLANAR AND LINEAR STRUCTURES 559
16.7.1 Planar fabrics 559
16.7.2 Linear fabrics 561
CONTENT ASSESSMENT 563
REFERENCES 563
Chapter 17 Texture and classification of metamorphic rocks 564
17.1 TEXTURES 564
17.1.1 Grain shape 564
17.1.2 Grain size 565
17.1.3 Grain orientation 565
17.1.4 Intergranular relationships 566
17.2 NON-FOLIATED METAMORPHIC ROCKS 567
17.2.1 Hornfels 567
17.2.2 Metaquartzite 567
17.2.3 Marble 567
17.2.4 Skarn 568
17.2.5 Metabreccia 568
17.2.6 Metaconglomerates 568
17.2.7 Cataclasite 569
17.2.8 Pseudotachylite 570
17.2.9 Impactite 570
17.2.10 Anthracite coal 570
17.3 NON-FOLIATED TO FOLIATED METAMORPHIC ROCKS 571
17.3.1 Stretched pebble metaconglomerate 571
17.3.2 Serpentinite 571
17.3.3 Soapstone 573
17.3.4 Greenstone 574
17.3.5 Amphibolite 575
17.3.6 Granulite 575
17.3.7 Eclogite 576
17.4 METAMORPHIC ROCKS WITH FOLIATED TEXTURES 576
17.4.1 Slate 576
17.4.2 Phyllite 578
17.4.3 Schist 578
17.4.4 Gneiss 580
17.4.5 Migmatite 581
17.4.6 Ironstones 582
17.4.7 Mylonite 582
17.4.8 Tectonites 582
17.5 SHEAR SENSE INDICATORS 582
17.5.1 Grain tail complexes 583
17.5.2 Fracture patterns 584
17.5.3 S-C foliations 584
CONTENT ASSESSMENT 586
REFERENCES 586
Chapter 18 Metamorphic zones, facies, and facies series 588
18.1 METAMORPHIC ZONES 589
18.1.1 Chlorite zone 590
18.1.2 Biotite zone 590
18.1.3 Almandine (garnet) zone 590
18.1.4 Staurolite zone 591
18.1.5 Kyanite zone 591
Sillimanite zone 591
18.2 METAMORPHIC FACIES 592
18.2.1 Hornfels facies 592
18.2.2 Zeolite facies 595
18.2.3 Prehnite–pumpellyite facies 596
18.2.4 Greenschist facies 597
18.2.5 Amphibolite facies 598
18.2.6 Granulite facies 600
18.2.7 Blueschist facies 601
18.2.8 Eclogite facies 603
18.3 METAMORPHIC FACIES SERIES 605
18.3.1 Contact facies series 606
18.3.2 Buchan facies series 607
18.3.3 Barrovian facies series 608
18.3.4 Sanbagawa facies series 608
18.3.5 Franciscan facies series 609
18.4 PHASE RULE, CHEMICAL REACTIONS, AND THREE-COMPONENT PHASE DIAGRAMS 610
18.4.1 The phase rule and metamorphic minerals 610
18.4.2 Equilibrium mineral assemblage grids 611
18.4.3 Ternary diagrams 612
18.5 METAMORPHIC ROCKS AND PLATE TECTONICS 618
18.5.1 Metamorphism at divergent plate boundaries 619
18.5.2 Convergent plate boundaries 619
CONTENT ASSESSMENT 626
REFERENCES 626
Chapter 19 Mineral resources and hazards 629
19.1 ORE MINERALS 630
19.1.1 Igneous ore forming environments 631
19.1.2 Metamorphic ore forming environments 640
19.1.3 Sedimentary ore forming environments 641
19.1.4 Metals and alloys 649
19.2 INDUSTRIAL MINERALS AND ROCKS 658
19.2.1 Fertilizers and chemicals 658
19.2.2 Construction material 659
19.2.3 Manufacturing minerals 660
19.3 GEMS 662
19.4 MINERALS AND HEALTH 665
CONTENT ASSESSMENT 669
REFERENCES 670
Index 673
EULA 691
| Erscheint lt. Verlag | 7.2.2022 |
|---|---|
| Sprache | englisch |
| Themenwelt | Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Geologie |
| Schlagworte | earth sciences • Geochemie • Geochemie, Mineralogie • Geochemistry & Minerology • Geologie • Geowissenschaften • Igneous & Metamorphic Petrology and Volcanology • Mineralogie • Petrologie • Petrologie u. Vulkanologie eruptiver u. metamorpher Systeme • Vulkanologie |
| ISBN-10 | 1-119-51219-0 / 1119512190 |
| ISBN-13 | 978-1-119-51219-6 / 9781119512196 |
| Informationen gemäß Produktsicherheitsverordnung (GPSR) | |
| Haben Sie eine Frage zum Produkt? |
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