Hazardous Substances in Welding and Allied Processes (eBook)

Vilia Elena Spiegel-Ciobanu, luca costa, Wolfgang Zschiesche (Autoren)

eBook Download: PDF

2020
XVII, 99 Seiten
Springer International Publishing (Verlag)
978-3-030-36926-2 (ISBN)

Infos

This book provides information on the generation and the effects of hazardous substances that are produced during welding and allied processes. These processes are thermal cutting, thermal spraying, soldering and brazing. The book offers guidance on the determination of hazardous substances and it simplifies assessment of the hazard due to hazardous substances. 

In addition, the book explains tests in order to understand the concentration and intensity of key hazardous substances. Last but not least, the book suggests several possibilities of avoiding the risk to worker's health as a result of exposing them to these substances.  

Vilia Elena Spiegel-Ciobanu achieved her Master of Science Degree (M.Sc.) as Processes Engineer in 

the field of Technology of Oil and Gases Processes at the Institute of Oil and Gases in 

Bucharest/Romania in 1977. After ten years' experiences in the chemical and petrochemical 

Industries (Oil Refineries) she changed her field of occupation and continues her activities in the field 

of Health and Safety at the department of prevention of a liability accident insurance in Germany as 

Chairman of the Section Hazardous Substances in Welding and allied Processes till the End of 2017, 

when she retired. All this time she was involved as Expert in the European and in the International 

Standardization (CEN and ISO) concerning Health and Safety in Welding and allied Processes. Since 

1993 she joined the Commission VIII 'Health, Safety and Environment' of the International Institute 

of Welding (IIW) and she served as Expert during all these years till today. 2009 she received the 

Doctor Degree in Engineering Technology at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering of the University 

of Technology Aachen. Focus of her dissertation was 'The Matrix of Assessment of the Hazardous 

Substances Pollution by Welding Fume'. Today she continues her activities as expert in IIW, 

Commission VIII and in German Association of Welding and allied Processes E.V. (DVS), in Health and 

Safety.  

Luca COSTA graduated in Mechanical Engineering in 1998 at the University of Genoa, joined the 

Italian Institute of Welding (IIS) in 2000. He carried out training, research and technical assistance 

activities and is certified European / International Welding Engineer. Since 2002 he has held the 

position of Head of the Quality, Environment and Safety Courses Area of the Training Department at 

IIS. He participated to several projects and activities devoted to Health of welding and related 

activities. He Joined the Commission VIII 'Health, Safety and Environment' of the International 

Institute of Welding (IIW) in 2003 and he served as Chairman in the period 2008 - 2016. He got the 

position of Manager at IIS 2012 and afterwards he became director at IIS PORGRESS. From 2020 he 

was appointed CEO (Chief Executive Officer) of the International Institute of Welding (IIW). He was 

also the Italian delegate to the meetings of the European Welding Federation (EWF) and participated 

in numerous other national and international working groups active in the field of standardization 

and research.  

Wolfgang Zschiesche graduated as a Medical Doctor at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 

Germany. He then specialized in Occupational Medicine and worked for a long time as a research 

worker at this Institute. Later, he changed to the department of prevention of a liability accident 

insurance in Germany and works now for the Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of 

the German Social Accident Insurance as a Senior Lecturer. For over 30 years he has been involved in 

research work on diseases from welding fumes and gases. He is a member of several national and 

international committees on health and safety in welding and on hazards from electric current and 

EMF. He is also a long-time member of Commission VIII 'Health, Safety and Environment' of IIW and 

is a former chairman of this Commission. 

Inhalt

Preface I 8
Preface II 10
Acknowledgements 12
Contents 13
1 General Information on Hazardous Substances in Welding and Allied Processes 16
1.1 Definition 16
1.2 Classification 16
1.2.1 Occurrence 16
1.2.2 Health Effects 19
1.3 Generation 21
1.3.1 Gaseous Hazardous Substances 22
1.3.2 Particulate Hazardous Substances 23
1.3.3 Hazardous Substances from Organic Based Coating Materials 26
1.4 Influencing Factors 27
1.5 Occupational Exposure Limit Values 28
1.6 Biological Limit Values 29
1.7 Test Methods 29
References 30
2 Health Effects of Specific Hazardous Substances 32
2.1 Toxic Gaseous Hazardous Substances 32
2.1.1 Carbon Monoxide (CO) 32
2.1.2 Nitrogen Oxides (NOx = NO, NO2) 32
2.1.3 Ozone (O3) 33
2.1.4 Phosgene (COCI2) 34
2.1.5 Gases from Coating Materials and Fluxes 34
2.2 Particulate Hazardous Substances 34
2.2.1 Lung-Stressing Substances 34
2.2.2 Toxic Substances 36
2.2.3 Carcinogenic Substances 36
2.2.4 Radioactive Substances 37
References 37
3 Assignment of Hazardous Substances to Welding Processes and Materials 39
3.1 Welding 39
3.1.1 Gas Welding 40
3.1.2 Manual Metal Arc Welding with Covered Electrodes 41
3.1.3 Gas-Shielded Arc Welding, in General 43
3.1.4 Gas-Shielded Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) 43
3.1.5 Tungsten Inert Gas Welding (TIG) 45
3.1.6 Submerged Arc Welding (SAW) 46
3.1.7 Resistance Welding 46
3.1.8 Laser Welding Without Filler Metal 46
3.1.9 Laser Cladding 47
3.1.10 Laser Welding with Nd:YAG-Laser 48
3.1.11 Assignment of Key Components to Welding Processes (Example) 48
3.1.12 Hybrid Welding 50
3.2 Thermal Cutting 51
3.2.1 Flame Cutting (Unalloyed and Low-Alloy Steel) 51
3.2.2 Plasma Cutting 51
3.2.3 Laser Beam Cutting, in General 52
3.2.4 Laser Cutting with CO2-Laser 53
3.2.5 Laser Cutting with Nd:YAG-Laser 54
3.3 Thermal Spraying 55
3.3.1 Flame Spraying 56
3.3.2 Arc Spraying 56
3.3.3 Plasma Spraying 57
3.4 Soldering and Brazing 58
3.4.1 Soldering (T < 450 °C)
3.4.2 Brazing (T > 450 °C)
3.4.3 MIG Brazing, Laser Brazing, Plasma Brazing (T > 900 °C)
References 62
4 Ultrafine Particles (UFP) 64
4.1 Findings from Studies on Toxicity of UFP in General 64
4.2 Findings from Research on the Characteristics of UFP 64
4.3 Results from Studies on Welding Processes 65
4.4 Findings from Research on Identification of Particle Characteristics in Welding of Galvanized Sheet 73
4.5 Other Findings 74
References 74
5 Hazard Evaluation During Welding 75
5.1 ISO 15011-4 Approach 75
5.2 Risk Assessment 76
5.3 Assessment of Airborne Particles During Welding and Allied Processes 77
5.4 Additional Tools for Hazard Evaluation 78
References 78
6 Measurement Methods 79
6.1 Measurement Methods for Gaseous Substances 80
6.2 Measurement Methods for Particulate Substances in the Breathing Zone 81
6.3 Stationary Sampling for Particulate Substances 84
References 87
7 Technical Protective Measures 88
7.1 Selection of Low Fume Emission Processes 88
7.2 Selection of Low Emission Consumables 90
7.3 Improvement of the Working Conditions 90
7.4 Technical Safety Devices 91
7.4.1 Oxyacetylene Welding and Cutting 91
7.4.2 Plasma Cutting 92
7.4.3 Operations in Enclosed Booths 92
7.4.4 Ventilation 92
7.4.5 Free Ventilation (Natural Ventilation) 92
7.4.6 Forced (Mechanical) Ventilation 93
7.4.7 Extraction 93
7.4.8 Downdraft Cutting Tables 96
7.4.9 Supply Air Systems/Room Ventilation 97
References 98
8 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for Hazardous Substances 99
8.1 Welder’s Hand-Held Shields and Welding Helmets 99
8.2 Respiratory Protective Equipment 99
9 Preventive Occupational Medical Care 101
References 103
Appendix Hazard evaluation during welding, German approach 104
References 107

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 31.3.2020
• Reihe/Serie: IIW Collection
• Reihe/Serie: IIW Collection
• Zusatzinfo: XVII, 99 p. 57 illus., 41 illus. in color.
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Chemie
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Maschinenbau
• Themenwelt: Wirtschaft ► Betriebswirtschaft / Management ► Personalwesen
• Schlagworte: Carcinogenic Substances • Inhalable Substances • ISO 15011-4 Approach • laser cutting • Lung-stressing Substances • Metal Arc Welding • Thermal Spraying • Toxic Substances Control Act TSCA • ultrafine particles (UFP) • Welding Fume
• ISBN-10: 3-030-36926-9 / 3030369269
• ISBN-13: 978-3-030-36926-2 / 9783030369262