Warlow's Stroke (eBook)

Practical Management

Graeme J. Hankey, Malcolm MacLeod, Philip B. Gorelick, Christopher Chen, Fan Z. Caprio, Heinrich Mattle (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: EPUB

2019 | 4. Auflage
John Wiley & Sons (Verlag)
978-1-118-49241-3 (ISBN)

Infos

A practical textbook, based on a problem-oriented workflow, that will improve patients' likelihood of full recovery from stroke and prevent future strokes from occurring

Stroke is the leading cause of adult disability and is in the top five causes of death globally. Warlow's Stroke: Practical Management, 4th Edition takes a problem-oriented approach and addresses the questions posed by a stroke patient in the order they are likely to present in clinical practice, for instance, 'Is it a stroke?', 'What sort of stroke?', 'What caused it?', and 'What can be done about it?'.

Beginning with chapters phrased as questions, the book walks the reader through a standard clinical workflow, exploring the practical skills and assessment required at each stage of patient management. Early chapters cover: locating the vascular lesion, identifying the involved arterial territory, the role imaging should play, and the application thereof.

Subsequent chapters look at what causes a transient or persistent ischemic event, an intracerebral hemorrhage and a subarachnoid hemorrhage. Unusual causes of ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack are also covered. The book then presents a practical approach to the management of stroke and transient ischemic attack; offers specific treatments for acute ischemic stroke and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage; provides ways for professionals to prevent first or recurrent stroke; and more.

Final chapters of the book discuss rehabilitation after stroke, how patients and carers can be supported in the short term and long term, prevention of recurrent stroke, and the organization of stroke services.

Warlow's Stroke: Practical Management, 4th Edition

• Follows clinical workflow for stroke analysis
• Features evidence-based approach throughout
• Offers practical application aimed at improving patient outcomes
• Written and edited by internationally renowned experts in the field

An essential resource for all practitioners involved in the care of patients who suffer from cerebrovascular disease, but particularly suitable for neurologists, residents, geriatricians, stroke physicians, radiologists and primary care physicians.

The Editors

Graeme J. Hankey MBBS, MD, FRACP, FRCPE, FAHA, FESO, FAAHMS, Professor of Neurology, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; and Consultant Neurologist, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia

Malcolm Macleod BSc(Hons), MBChB, PhD, FRCP, Professor of Neurology and Translational Neurosciences at the University of Edinburgh, and Honorary Consultant Neurologist and Head of Neurology, NHS Forth Valley, UK

Philip B. Gorelick MD, MPH, FACP, FAHA, FAAN, FANA, Professor Translational Science and Molecular Medicine at Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA; and Adjunct Professor, Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; and International Fellow, Population Health Research Institute affiliated with McMaster University Faculty of Health Sciences and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada; and Professor Emeritus, Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA

Christopher Chen BA, BMBCh, FRCP, Director, Memory Aging & Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore; and Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore; and Senior Consultant Neurologist, Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore

Fan Z. Caprio MD, Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA

Heinrich Mattle MD, FRCPE, FAHA, FESO, Professor, Senior Consultant, Department of Neurology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

Inhalt

Contributors vii

Acknowledgments xi

Abbreviations xiii

1 Introduction 1

2 Development of knowledge about cerebrovascular disease 7
Jan van Gijn

3 Is it a vascular event and where is the lesion? 37
Simon Jung and Heinrich P. Mattle

4 Which arterial territory is involved? 129
John C.M. Brust

5 What is the role of imaging in acute stroke? 171

5A Neuroimaging 172
Marwan El-Koussy

5B Ultrasound of the extra- and intracranial arteries 224
Georgios Tsivgoulis and Apostolos Safouris

5C Cardioembolic stroke 241
Issam Mikati and Zeina Ibrahim

6 What caused this transient or persisting ischemic event? 267
Fernando D. Testai

7 Unusual causes of ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack 345
Fan Z. Caprio and Chen Lin

8 What caused this intracerebral hemorrhage? 399
Farid Radmanesh and Jonathan Rosand

9 What caused this subarachnoid hemorrhage? 437
Matthew B. Maas and Andrew M. Naidech

10 A practical approach to the management of stroke and transient ischemic attack 455
H. Bart van der Worp and Martin Dennis

11 What are this patient's problems? A problem-based approach to the general management of stroke 481
Yannie Soo, Howan Leung, and Lawrence Ka Sing Wong

12 Have the patient's cognitive abilities been affected? 579
Leonardo Pantoni

13 Specific treatment of acute ischemic stroke 587
Eivind Berge and Peter Sandercock

14 Specific treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage 657
Shoichiro Sato and Craig S. Anderson

15 Specific treatment of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage 679
Gregory Arnone and Sepideh Amin-Hanjani

16 Specific interventions to prevent intracranial hemorrhage 723
Preston W. Douglas, Clio A. Rubinos, and Sean Ruland

17 Preventing recurrent stroke and other serious vascular events 745
Cathra Halabi, Rene Colorado, and Karl Meisel

18 Rehabilitation after stroke: evidence, practice, and new directions 867
Coralie English, Audrey Bowen, Debbie Hébert, and Julie Bernhardt

19 The organization of stroke services 879
Peter Langhorne, Jeyaraj Durai Pandian, and Cynthia Felix

20 Reducing the impact of stroke and improving public health 933
Graeme J. Hankey and Philip B. Gorelick

Index 953

Textauszug

Abbreviations

We don’t care much for abbreviations. They are not literate (Oliver Twist was not abbreviated to OT each time Dickens mentioned his name!), they don’t look good on the printed page, and they make things more difficult to read and understand, particularly for non‐experts. But they do save space and so we have to use them a bit. However, we will avoid them as far as we can in tables, figures and the practice points. We will try to define any abbreviations the first time they are used in each chapter, or even in each section if they are not very familiar. But, if we fail to be comprehensible, then here is a rather long list to refer to.

ACA

Anterior cerebral artery

ACE

Angiotensin‐converting enzyme

AChA

Anterior choroidal artery

ACoA

Anterior communicating artery

ACS

Acute coronary syndrome

ACST

Asymptomatic Carotid Surgery Trial

ADC

Apparent diffusion coefficient

ADH

Antidiuretic hormone

ADL

Activities of daily living

ADP

Adenosine diphosphate

ADPKD

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

AF

Atrial fibrillation

AFx

Amaurosis fugax

AH

Ataxic hemiparesis

AICA

Anterior inferior cerebellar artery

AIDS

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome

AION

Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy

AMI

Acute myocardial infarction

ANCA

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody

ANF

Antinuclear factor

APS

Antiphospholipid syndrome

APT

Antiplatelet Trialists’ Collaboration

APTT

Activated partial thromboplastin time

ARAS

Ascending reticular activating system

ARB

Angiotensin II receptor (AT1) blockers

ARD

Absolute risk difference

ASA

Atrial septal aneurysm

ASD

Atrial septal defect

ATIII

Antithrombin III

ATP

Adenosine triphosphate

ATT

Antithrombotic Trialists’ Collaboration

AVF

Arteriovenous fistula

AVM

Arteriovenous malformation

BA

Basilar artery

BAD

Branch atheromatous plaque disease

BIH

Benign intracranial hypertension

BMI

Body mass index

BOLD

Blood oxygenation level‐dependent

BP

Blood pressure

C

Celsius

CAA

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy

CADASIL

Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy

CARASAL

Cathepsin A related arteriopathy with strokes and leukoencephalopathy

CARASIL

Cerebral autosomal recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy

CAST

Chinese Acute Stroke Trial

CAVATAS

Carotid and Vertebral Artery Transluminal Angioplasty Study

CBF

Cerebral blood flow

CBFV

Cerebral blood flow velocity

CBV

Cerebral blood volume

CCA

Common carotid artery

CDU

Carotid duplex

CEA

Carotid endarterectomy

CE‐MRA

Contrast‐enhanced MR angiography

CHD

Coronary heart disease

CI

Confidence interval

CJD

Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease

CK

Creatine kinase

CMB

Cerebral microbleed

CMRO2

Cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen

CMRglu

Cerebral metabolic rate of glucose

CNS

Central nervous system

COX 2

Cyclo‐oxygenase 2 inhibitors

CPP

Cerebral perfusion pressure

CPSP

Central post‐stroke pain

CSF

Cerebrospinal fluid

CT

Computed tomography

CTA

Computed tomography angiography

CTP

Cerebral perfusion imaging with CT

CTP

Computed tomography perfusion

CVR

Cerebrovascular resistance

CVST

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis

DALY

Disability‐adjusted life year

DAVF

Dural arteriovenous fistula

DBP

Diastolic blood pressure

DCHS

Dysarthria clumsy‐hand syndrome

DIC

Disseminated intravascular coagulation

DNA

Deoxyribose nucleic acid

DOAC

Direct oral anticoagulants

DPM

Diffusion‐perfusion mismatch

DSA

Digital subtraction angiography

DSC

Dynamic susceptibility contrast

DSM

Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders

DVT

Deep venous thrombosis (in the legs or pelvis)

DWI

Diffusion‐weighted (MR) imaging

EACA

Epsilon‐aminocaproic acid

EADL

Extended activities of daily living

EAFT

European Atrial Fibrillation Trial

ECA

External carotid artery

ECASS

European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study

ECG

Electrocardiogram

EC‐IC

Extracranial–intracranial

ECST

European Carotid Surgery Trial

EEG

Electroencephalogram

EMG

Electromyography

ESR

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate

FAST

Face‐Arm‐Speech Test

FAT‐SAT

Fat saturation sequences

FDA

Food and Drug Administration

FIM

Functional Independence Measure

FLAIR

Fluid attenuated inversion recovery

FMD

Fibromuscular dysplasia

fMRI

Functional magnetic resonance imaging

FMZ

Flumazenil

GCS

Glasgow Coma Scale

GEF

Glucose extraction fraction

GKI

Glucose, potassium and insulin

GRE

Gradient‐recalled echo

HACP

Homolateral ataxia and crural paresis

Hg

Mercury

HI

Hemorrhagic infarction

HIT

Heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia

HITS

High intensity transient signals

HIV

Human immunodeficiency virus

HMPAO

Hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime

HTI

Hemorrhagic transformation of an infarct

HU

Hounsfield units

IAA

Internal auditory artery

IAA

Intra‐arterial angiography

IAT

Intra‐arterial treatment

IC

Infarct core

ICA

Internal carotid artery

ICH

Intracerebral hemorrhage

ICIDH

International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps

ICP

Intracranial pressure

ICVT

Intracranial venous thrombosis

IADSA

Intra‐arterial digital subtraction angiography

INR

International normalized ratio

IST

International Stroke Trial

IVDSA

Intravenous digital subtraction angiography

IVIG

Intravenous immunoglobulins

IVIM

Intravoxel incoherent motion

IVM

Intracranial vascular malformation

kPa

Kilopascals

L

Litre

LAA

Left atrial appendage

LACI

Lacunar infarction

LACS

Lacunar syndrome

LGN

Lateral geniculate nucleus

LP

Lumbar puncture

LSA

Lenticulostriate artery

M

Molar

MAC

Mitral annular calcification

MAOI

Monoamine oxidase inhibitor

MAST‐I

Multicentre Acute Stroke Trial – Italy

MCA

Middle cerebral artery

MCTT

Mean cerebral transit time

MELAS

Mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke‐like episodes

MES

Microembolic signals

MFV

Mean flow velocities

MI

Myocardial infarction

MLF

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

MLP

Mitral leaflet prolapse

MMSE

Mini mental state examination

MND

Motor neuron disease

MR

Magnetic resonance

MRA

Magnetic resonance angiography

MRC

Medical Research Council

MRI

Magnetic resonance imaging

MRS

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy

MRV

Magnetic resonance venogram

MTT

Mean transit time

NAA

N‐acetyl aspartate

NASCET

North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial

NCCT

Noncontrast CT

NELH

National Electronic Library for Health

NG

Nasogastric

NIHSS

National Institutes of Health Stroke Score

NINDS

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

NIRS

Near infrared spectroscopy

NNT

Number‐needed‐to‐treat

NO

Nitric oxide

NSAID

Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug

OA

Ophthalmic artery

OCSP

Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project

OCP

Oral contraceptive

OEF

Oxygen...

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 28.1.2019
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Neurologie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie
• Schlagworte: Biowissenschaften • Brain Haemorrhage • brain hemorrhage • cerebrovascular disease • danger of stroke • diagnosing stroke • diagnosing stroke events • guide to strokes • intercranial hemorrhage • Life Sciences • Medical Science • Medizin • Neurologie • Neurology • Neuroscience • Neurovascular Disease • Neurovaskuläre Krankheiten • Neurowissenschaften • Preventing stroke • preventing stroke events • preventing strokes • prevent intracranial haemorrhage • providing rehabilitation for stroke patients • stroke • stroke and other vascular events • stroke events • Stroke Management • stroke prevention • treating stroke events • treating stroke patients • types of stroke events • types of vascular events
• ISBN-10: 1-118-49241-2 / 1118492412
• ISBN-13: 978-1-118-49241-3 / 9781118492413