Environmental Psychology (eBook)

An Introduction

Linda Steg (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2018 | 2. Auflage
John Wiley & Sons (Verlag)
978-1-119-24104-1 (ISBN)

Infos

The updated edition of the essential guide to environmental psychology

Thoroughly revised and updated, the second edition, Environmental Psychology: An Introduction offers an overview of the interplay between humans and their environments. The text examines the influence of the environment on human experiences, behaviour and well-being and explores the factors influencing environmental behaviour, and ways to encourage pro-environmental behaviour. The revised edition is a state-of-the art review of relevant theories and research on each of these topics.

With contributions from an international panel of noted experts, the text addresses a wealth of topics including the main research methods in environmental psychology; effects of environmental stress; emotional impacts and meanings of natural environment experience; aesthetic appraisals of architecture; how to measure environmental behaviour; cognitive, emotional and social factors explaining environmental behaviour; effects and acceptability of strategies to promote pro-environmental factors; and much more. This important book:

• Discusses the environmental factors that threaten and promote human wellbeing
• Explores a wide range of factors influencing actions that affect environmental conditions
• Discusses the effects and acceptability of approaches that aim to encourage pro-environmental behavior
• Presents research results conducted in different regions in the world
• Contains contributions from noted experts

Written for scholars and practitioners in the field, the revised edition of Environmental Psychology offers a comprehensive review of the most recent research available in environmental psychology.

Linda Steg is professor of Environmental Psychology at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands.

Judith I. M. de Groot is a Senior Lecturer in Sustainable Consumer Behaviour at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands.

Inhalt

Title Page 5
Copyright Page 6
Brief Contents 7
Contents 9
List of Figures 21
List of Tables 23
List of Boxes 24
List of Contributors 26
Chapter 1 Environmental Psychology: History, Scope, and Methods 31
1.1 Introduction 32
1.2 History of the Field 32
1.2.1 Towards ‘Architectural’ Psychology 33
1.2.2 Towards a Green Psychology 34
1.3 Current Scope and Characteristics of the Field 34
1.3.1 Interactive Approach 34
1.3.2 Interdisciplinary Collaboration 35
1.3.3 Problem?Focused Approach 35
1.3.4 Diversity of Methods 36
1.4 Main Research Methods in Environmental Psychology 36
1.4.1 Questionnaire Studies 37
1.4.2 Laboratory Experiments 38
1.4.3 Computer Simulation Studies 38
1.4.4 Field Studies 39
1.4.5 Case Studies 39
1.5 Overview of the Book 40
Glossary 40
Suggestions for Further Reading 41
Review Questions 41
Part I Environmental Influences on Human Behaviour and Well?Being 43
Chapter 2 Environmental Risk Perception 45
2.1 Introduction 46
2.2 What Are Environmental Risks? 46
2.3 Subjective Risk Judgements 47
2.3.1 Heuristics and Biases in Risk Judgements 47
2.3.2 Temporal Discounting of Environmental Risks 49
2.3.3 The Psychometric Paradigm 49
2.4 Risk, Values, and Morality 49
2.4.1 Values 50
2.4.2 Morality and Ethics 51
2.5 Emotional Reactions to Environmental Risks 52
2.6 Summary 53
Glossary 53
Suggestions for Further Reading 54
Review Questions 55
Chapter 3 Climate Change as a Unique Environmental Problem 56
3.1 Introduction 57
3.2 Public Understanding of Climate Change 57
3.3 Assessing the Risk of Climate Change 58
3.3.1 Detecting a Problem 60
3.3.2 Interpretations of Problems 61
3.3.3 Accepting Responsibility and Taking Action 62
3.4 Summary 63
Glossary 63
Suggestions for Further Reading 64
Review Questions 65
Chapter 4 Environmental Stress 66
4.1 Introduction 67
4.2 Conceptualizations of Stress 67
4.3 Effects of Environmental Stress 68
4.3.1 Noise 68
4.3.2 Crowding 70
4.3.3 Poor Housing Quality 71
4.3.4 Poor Neighbourhood Quality 72
4.3.5 Traffic Congestion 72
4.4 Summary 73
Glossary 73
Acknowledgements 74
Suggestions for Further Reading 74
Review Questions 74
Chapter 5 Scenic Beauty: Visual Landscape Assessment and Human Landscape Perception 75
5.1 Introduction 76
5.2 Visual Quality Assessment 76
5.3 Theories Explaining Landscape Preferences as Innate or Learnt 77
5.4 Measuring and Mapping Scenic Beauty 80
5.5 Methodological Developments 81
5.6 Summary 82
Glossary 82
Suggestions for Further Reading 83
Review Questions 84
Chapter 6 Health Benefits of Nature 85
6.1 Introduction 86
6.2 What Is Health and How Can It Be Measured? 87
6.3 What Is Nature and How Can It Be Measured? 87
6.4 Nature and Clinical Health 88
6.5 Green Space and Public Health 89
6.6 Mechanisms Linking Nature to Health 90
6.6.1 Air Quality 91
6.6.2 Physical Activity 91
6.6.3 Social Cohesion 92
6.6.4 Stress Reduction 92
6.7 Summary 93
Glossary 93
Suggestions for Further Reading 94
Review Questions 94
Chapter 7 Restorative Environments 95
7.1 Introduction 96
7.2 Restorative Environments Research 96
7.2.1 Stress Recovery Theory 97
7.2.2 Attention Restoration Theory 98
7.3 The Evolutionary Origins of Restorative Nature Experiences 99
7.4 Recent Theoretical and Empirical Developments 100
7.4.1 Perceptual Fluency Account 100
7.4.2 Connectedness to Nature 100
7.4.3 Micro?Restorative Experiences and Instorative Effects 102
7.5 Applications and Implications 102
7.6 Summary 103
Glossary 103
Suggestions for Further Reading 105
Review Questions 105
Chapter 8 Ambivalence Towards Nature and Natural Landscapes 106
8.1 Introduction 107
8.2 Historical Overview 107
8.3 Emotional Impacts and Meanings of Natural Environment Experience 108
8.4 Views of Nature and Landscape Preferences 109
8.5 The Role of Biodiversity 110
8.6 An Existential?Motivational Account 111
8.7 Practical Implications 112
8.8 Summary 113
Glossary 113
Suggestions for Further Reading 114
Review Questions 114
Chapter 9 Human Dimensions of Wildlife 115
9.1 Introduction 116
9.2 Early Work: Attitudes Towards Wildlife 116
9.3 The Cognitive Hierarchy 117
9.4 Wildlife Value Orientations 119
9.5 Predicting Norms and Attitudes Towards Wildlife 121
9.6 Emotions Towards Wildlife 121
9.7 Summary 123
Glossary 123
Suggestions for Further Reading 124
Review Questions 124
Chapter 10 Children and the Natural Environment 125
10.1 Introduction 126
10.2 Childhood Experiences with Nature 126
10.3 Nature and Children’s Health and Well?Being 128
10.3.1 Physical Health Benefits 129
10.3.2 Mental Health Benefits 129
10.3.3 Cognitive Benefits 130
10.4 Childhood Nature Experiences and Adult Environmentalism 131
10.5 Applications and Implications 131
10.6 Summary 132
Glossary 132
Suggestions for Further Reading 133
Review Questions 133
Chapter 11 Appraising and Designing Built Environments that Promote Well?Being and Healthy Behaviour 134
11.1 Introduction 135
11.2 Aesthetic Appraisals of Architecture 135
11.2.1 Uniformities in the Appraisal of Built Space 135
11.2.2 Observer Differences 137
11.2.3 Meaning in Architecture 138
11.3 Three BUILDING Design Approaches that Promote Well?Being and Healthy Behaviour 138
11.3.1 Social Design 138
11.3.2 Biophilic Design 140
11.3.3 Evidence?Based Design 141
11.4 Summary 141
Glossary 141
Suggestions for Further Reading 142
Review Questions 142
Chapter 12 Urban Environmental Quality 143
12.1 Introduction 144
12.2 Urban Settings as a Source of Stress and Discomfort 145
12.3 Urban Settings as a Source of Well?Being and Restoration 146
12.4 Residential Satisfaction – A Multicomponent Concept 147
12.5 A Multidimensional Approach to Urban Environmental Quality 147
12.6 The Multi?Place Approach 150
12.7 Summary 151
Glossary 151
Suggestions for Further Reading 152
Review Questions 152
Chapter 13 Environment and Quality of Life 153
13.1 Introduction 154
13.2 QoL: Objective and Subjective Measures 155
13.3 QoL: Unidimensional and Multidimensional Measures 156
13.4 Environment and QoL: Research Overview 157
13.4.1 Which QoL Aspects Are Most Important? 157
13.4.2 To What Extent Is QoL Sustained in Certain Situations? 159
13.4.3 How Does QoL Differ with Varying Environmental Conditions? 160
13.4.4 How Do Environmental Transformations Influence QoL? 161
13.5 Summary 163
Glossary 163
Suggestions for Further Reading 164
Review Questions 164
Chapter 14 Place Attachment 165
14.1 Introduction 166
14.2 Theories and Models of Place Attachment 167
14.2.1 Components of Place Attachment 167
14.2.2 Types of Place Attachments 168
14.2.3 Place Attachments Involve an Array of Emotions 168
14.2.4 Place Attachments as Dynamic and Socially Produced 169
14.3 Applications of Place Attachment 170
14.4 Summary 172
Glossary 172
Suggestions for Further Reading 173
Review Questions 173
Chapter 15 How Cues in the Environment Affect Normative Behaviour 174
15.1 Introduction 175
15.2 Overarching Goals and their Relative Strengths 176
15.3 Environmental Cues that Directly Strengthen the Normative Goal 178
15.4 Environmental Cues that Directly Weaken the Normative Goal 179
15.5 Indirect Weakening of the Normative Goal by Environmental Cues that Strengthen the Gain Goal 180
15.6 Indirect Weakening of the Normative Goal by Environmental Cues that Strengthen the Hedonic Goal 181
15.7 Summary 182
Glossary 182
Suggestions for Further Reading 183
Review Questions 183
Part II Factors Influencing Environmental Behaviour 185
Chapter 16 Measuring Environmental Behaviour 187
16.1 Introduction 188
16.2 What to Measure? Behaviour or Impact 188
16.2.1 Environmental Behaviour 188
16.2.2 Environmental Impact 189
16.3 How to Measure Environmental Behaviour? 192
16.4 Multidimensional or Unidimensional Measures of Environmental Behaviour 193
16.4.1 Multidimensional Measures of Environmental Behaviour 193
16.4.2 A Unidimensional Measure of Environmental Behaviour 194
16.5 Summary 195
Glossary 195
Suggestions for Further Reading 196
Review Questions 196
Chapter 17 Values and Pro?Environmental Behaviour 197
17.1 Introduction 198
17.2 Values 198
17.3 Value Theories 199
17.3.1 Social Value Orientations 199
17.3.2 Schwartz’s Value Theory 199
17.3.3 Four Key Values for Pro?Environmental Behaviour 201
17.4 How Values Affect Environmental Behaviour 203
17.5 Related Concepts 204
17.6 Practical Relevance of Value Research 206
17.7 Summary 206
Glossary 207
Suggestions for Further Reading 207
Review Questions 208
Chapter 18 Social Norms and Pro?Environmental Behaviour 209
18.1 Introduction 210
18.2 What Is a Social Norm? 210
18.3 How Influential Are Norms on Behaviour? 211
18.4 Why Do People Conform to Norms? 212
18.5 When Do Norms Influence Behaviour? 212
18.5.1 Salience 212
18.5.2 Group Size 213
18.5.3 Reference Groups 214
18.5.4 Personal Norms 214
18.5.5 Norm Conflict and the Importance of Aligned Messages 215
18.6 Summary 217
Glossary 218
Suggestions for Further Reading 218
Review Questions 218
Chapter 19 Emotions and Pro?Environmental Behaviour 219
19.1 Introduction 220
19.2 Emotions as a Motive for Action 221
19.3 Hedonic and Eudaimonic View on Emotions 222
19.4 Why Pro?Environmental Behaviour Elicits Positive Emotions: A Closer Look at the Eudaimonic View 224
19.5 Summary 226
Glossary 226
Suggestions for Further Reading 227
Review Questions 227
Chapter 20 Symbolic Aspects of Environmental Behaviour 228
20.1 Introduction 229
20.2 Identity 229
20.2.1 Environmental Self?Identity and Behaviour 230
20.2.2 Factors Influencing Identity 231
20.3 Impression Management 233
20.4 Summary 235
Glossary 235
Suggestions for Further Reading 236
Review Questions 236
Chapter 21 Social Dilemmas: Motivational, Individual, and Structural Aspects Influencing Cooperation 237
21.1 Introduction 238
21.2 Defining Social Dilemmas 238
21.3 Types of Social Dilemmas 239
21.3.1 Large?Scale Dilemmas 239
21.3.2 Resource Dilemmas 239
21.3.3 Public Good Dilemmas 240
21.4 Motives in Social Dilemmas 240
21.4.1 Greed 240
21.4.2 Efficiency 241
21.4.3 Fairness 242
21.5 Factors Promoting Cooperation 242
21.5.1 Group Size 243
21.5.2 Communication 243
21.5.3 Response Efficacy 243
21.5.4 Environmental Uncertainty 244
21.5.5 Social Uncertainty 244
21.5.6 Norms in Large?Scale Dilemmas 244
21.6 Summary 245
Glossary 246
Suggestions for Further Reading 246
Review Questions 246
Chapter 22 Theories to Explain Environmental Behaviour 247
22.1 Introduction 248
22.2 Theory of Planned Behaviour 248
22.3 Protection Motivation Theory 250
22.4 The Norm Activation Model 251
22.5 The Value?Belief?Norm Theory of Environmentalism 253
22.6 Goal?Framing Theory 254
22.7 Summary 255
Glossary 256
Suggestions for Further Reading 257
Review Questions 257
Chapter 23 The Role of Group Processes in Environmental Issues, Attitudes, and Behaviours 258
23.1 Introduction 259
23.2 Why Should Environmental Psychologists Be Interested in Group Processes? 259
23.3 How THE Social Identity Approach Explains Environmental Conflict 260
23.4 Why Social Identity Guides Environmental Attitudes and Behaviours 261
23.4.1 Group Norms Guide Environmental Attitudes and Behaviours 262
23.4.2 Group Members Influence Environmental Attitudes and Behaviours 263
23.4.3 Group Identification Influences Environmental Attitudes and Behaviours 264
23.5 Why Social Identity Can Affect Cooperation on Environmental Issues 264
23.6 How THE Social Identity Approach Explains Environmental Group Formation 265
23.7 Summary 266
Glossary 266
Suggestions for Further Reading 267
Review Questions 267
Chapter 24 Yesterday’s Habits Preventing Change for Tomorrow? About the Influence of Automaticity on Environmental Behaviour 268
24.1 Introduction 269
24.2 Theoretical Background: How Habits Are Acquired 270
24.3 Narrowing Down Decision?Making: How Habits Affect Information Use 271
24.4 Measuring Habits: A Challenge for Research 273
24.5 Breaking Bad Habits, Creating Good Habits: Interventions Changing Routine Behaviour 276
24.6 Summary 278
Glossary 278
Suggestions for Further Reading 279
Review Questions 280
Chapter 25 Environmental Psychology in Latin America 281
25.1 Introduction 282
25.2 Latin American Background 282
25.3 Past Reviews on Environmental Psychology in Latin America 283
25.4 Recent Developments in Environmental Psychology in Latin America 284
25.5 Key Issues for the Development of Research in Latin America 286
25.5.1 Lack of Collaboration 286
25.5.2 Few Possibilities to Publish in Spanish or Portuguese 287
25.5.3 Academic Training in Environmental Psychology 287
25.6 Summary 288
Glossary 288
Suggestions for Further Reading 289
Review Questions 289
Part III Encouraging Pro?Environmental Behaviour 291
Chapter 26 Informational Strategies to Promote Pro?Environmental Behaviour: Changing Knowledge, Awareness, and Attitudes 293
26.1 Introduction 294
26.2 Interventions: From Research to Implementation 294
26.3 Informational Strategies 295
26.3.1 Provision of Information 295
26.3.2 Goal Setting 296
26.3.3 Commitment 297
26.3.4 Prompting 298
26.3.5 Feedback 298
26.4 Intervention Research: Some General Issues 299
26.5 Summary 300
Glossary 301
Suggestions for Further Reading 301
Review Questions 302
Chapter 27 Encouraging Pro?Environmental Behaviour with Rewards and Penalties 303
27.1 Introduction 304
27.2 Analysis of Consequences 304
27.3 Natural Versus Extra Consequences 306
27.4 When Is It Appropriate to Apply Extra Consequences? 307
27.5 How Should Extra Consequences Be Announced and Delivered? 308
27.5.1 Negative Versus Positive Consequences 309
27.5.2 Monetary Versus Non?Monetary Consequences 309
27.6 Summary 311
Glossary 311
Suggestions for Further Reading 312
Review Questions 312
Chapter 28 Persuasive Technology to Promote Pro?Environmental Behaviour 313
28.1 Introduction 314
28.2 Technology and Behaviour 314
28.3 Persuasive Technology 315
28.4 Approaches to Applying Persuasive Technology 316
28.5 Social Influence through Smart Systems 317
28.5.1 The Role of Social Cues 317
28.5.2 Reactance 318
28.6 Providing Persuasive Experiences 319
28.7 Persuasive Technology as a Tool to Promote Behaviour Change 319
28.7.1 Ambient Persuasion 320
28.7.2 Group Interventions 321
28.8 Summary 322
Glossary 323
Suggestions for Further Reading 323
Review Questions 324
Chapter 29 Acceptability of Environmental Policies 325
29.1 Introduction 326
29.2 Acceptability as a Social Dilemma 326
29.3 Theoretical Framework to Explain the Acceptability of Policy Measures 327
29.3.1 Individual Policy Outcomes 328
29.3.2 Collective Policy Outcomes 328
29.3.3 Fair Distribution of Policy Outcomes 330
29.4 Procedural Fairness and Acceptability of Environmental Policies 332
29.5 How Can Public Support Increase Over Time? An Illustration 333
29.6 Summary 335
Glossary 335
Suggestions for Further Reading 336
Review Questions 336
Chapter 30 Processes of Change 337
30.1 Introduction 338
30.2 Lewin’s Theory of Change 338
30.3 Behavioural Change: A Self?Regulation Process Steered by Feedback Loops 339
30.3.1 Goals as Reference Values in a Feedback Loop 339
30.3.2 Hierarchical Organization of Goals and Feedback Loops 339
30.3.3 The Importance of Self?Focus 341
30.4 Behavioural Change: It Takes Time to Overcome Resistance to Change 341
30.5 The Stage Model of Self?Regulated Behavioural Change 342
30.6 Implications for Interventions 344
30.7 Empirical Validation of the SSBC 345
30.8 Summary 346
Glossary 347
Suggestions for Further Reading 348
Review Questions 348
Chapter 31 Simulating Social Environmental Systems 349
31.1 Introduction 350
31.2 An Introduction to Social Complexity 350
31.3 Social Simulation as a Methodology 351
31.4 Social Simulation of Environmental Behaviour 352
31.4.1 Using Theory in Simulation Models: Formalizing Processes of Attitude Change 352
31.4.2 Using Theory and Data in Models: Diffusion of Environmental Innovations 353
31.5 Integrating Social Simulation into Environmental Modelling 354
31.5.1 The Lakeland Study 354
31.5.2 Companion Modelling: A Study of Rice Production and Labour Migrations in North?East Thailand 355
31.5.3 Integrating Multiple Models of a Socioenvironmental System: Water Use in the Danube Basin 356
31.6 Key Steps in Building Agent?Based Models 357
31.6.1 Development of Models 357
31.6.2 Using Models 357
31.7 Summary 358
Glossary 358
Suggestions for Further Reading 359
Review Questions 359
Chapter 32 Environmental Issues in Low? and Middle?Income Countries 360
32.1 Introduction 361
32.2 Environmental Risk Perception, Environmental Concern, and Climate Change Perception 361
32.2.1 Environmental Risk Perception 361
32.2.2 Environmental Concern 362
32.2.3 Climate Change Perception 362
32.3 Residential Environment and Well?Being 363
32.3.1 Slums and Public Housing 363
32.3.2 Communal Spaces 364
32.3.3 Rural Communities 364
32.4 Behaviour and Behaviour Change 364
32.4.1 Resource Conservation 365
32.4.2 Sustainable Transportation 365
32.4.3 Recycling 365
32.4.4 Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene 367
32.5 Summary 368
Glossary 369
Suggestions for Further Reading 369
Review Questions 370
Chapter 33 Conclusion: Summary, Trends, and Future Perspectives in Environmental Psychology 371
33.1 Summary and Key Findings 372
33.1.1 Part I: Environmental Influences on Human Behaviour and Well?Being 372
33.1.2 Part II: Factors Influencing Environmental Behaviour 373
33.1.3 Part III: Encouraging Pro?Environmental Behaviour 374
33.2 General Trends and Developments 375
33.2.1 Positive Interactions Between Humans and Environments 375
33.2.2 Integrative Approaches 376
33.2.3 From One Psychology to Multiple Psychologies 376
33.3 Challenges for Future Research 377
33.3.1 Further Integration 378
33.3.2 Further Development of Theories and Methods 379
33.3.3 Further Engagement 379
Glossary 381
Suggestions for Further Reading 381
Review Questions 381
References 382
Index 437
EULA 449

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 16.11.2018
• Reihe/Serie: BPS Textbooks in Psychology
• Reihe/Serie: BPS Textbooks in Psychology
• Reihe/Serie: BPS Textbooks in Psychology
• Mitarbeit: Berater: Judith I. M. de Groot
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Geisteswissenschaften ► Psychologie
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Gesundheitswesen
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Psychiatrie / Psychotherapie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Geografie / Kartografie
• Schlagworte: Air • Analysis • Angewandte Psychologie • Applied Psychology • Ecological & Community Clinical Psychology • ecotoxicity • Environment • Environmental Geography • exposure • Food • Geographie • Geography • Human health • impacts • Interactions • Klinische Psychologie / Ökologie u. Gemeinschaften • Microplastics • Nanoplastics • Psychologie • Psychology • Remediations • soils • Toxicity • Umweltgeographie • Water
• ISBN-10: 1-119-24104-9 / 1119241049
• ISBN-13: 978-1-119-24104-1 / 9781119241041