Cardiac Pacing and Defibrillation in Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease (eBook)

Maully Shah, Larry Rhodes, Jonathan Kaltman (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2017
John Wiley & Sons (Verlag)
978-1-119-33306-7 (ISBN)

Infos

With a growing population of young patients with congenital heart disease reaching adulthood, this unique new book offers an in-depth guide to managing the challenges and issues related to device therapy in this patient group.

• The only book resource dedicated to pacing, cardiac resynchronization therapy and ICD therapy for the pediatric and congenital heart disease patient 
• Contains practical advice for pacemaker and ICD implantation, programming, trouble-shooting, managing complications and follow up 
• Up-to-date with the latest in device technology
• Contains multiple graphics, device electrogram tracings, and radiographic images for clarity 
• Includes video clips and over 150 multiple choice questions with extended answers on companion website, ideal for self test
• An invaluable resource for both the specialist pediatric cardiologist and the general cardiologist responsible for children with heart disease and pacing devices

Maully Shah, M.B.B.S, F.A.C.C, F.H.R.S, C.C.D.S, C.E.P.S
Director, Cardiac Electrophysiology
The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
Professor of Pediatrics,
Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, PA, USA 

Larry Rhodes, M.D.           
Chair, Department of Pediatrics
Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center
Professor of Pediatrics
West Virginia Univeristy
Morgantown, WV, USA 

Jonathan R. Kaltman, MD
Chief, Heart Development and Structural Disease Branch,
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, MD, USA

Inhalt

Cover???????????????????????? 1
Title Page?????????????????????????????????? 5
Copyright Page 6
Dedication?????????????????????????????????? 7
Contents?????????????????????????????? 9
Foreword?????????????????????????????? 11
List of Contributors?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 13
Preface???????????????????????????? 17
About the Companion Website???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 19
Part 1 Introduction???????????????????????????????????????????????????? 21
Chapter 1 History of Cardiac Pacing and Defibrillation in the Young???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 23
Leads???????????????????????? 25
Pacing modes?????????????????????????????????????? 25
Non-invasive programmability?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 26
Multiprogrammability?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 26
Miniaturization???????????????????????????????????????????? 26
Pacemaker codes???????????????????????????????????????????? 26
Guidelines for implantation of cardiac pacemakers and antiarrhythmia devices?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 27
North American Society of Pacing and Electropysiology (NASPE)???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 27
The implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 28
Summary???????????????????????????? 29
References?????????????????????????????????? 29
Chapter 2 Clinically Relevant Basics of Pacing and Defibrillation???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 32
Basic concepts in cardiac pacing?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 32
Engineering aspects of transvenous pacemaker leads and generators???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 35
Basic concepts in ICDs?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 41
Engineering aspects of transvenous ICD leads and generators???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 42
ICD therapies???????????????????????????????????????? 46
Cardioversion???????????????????????????????????????? 48
Defibrillation?????????????????????????????????????????? 48
ICD monitoring, algorithms, and alerts?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 50
Remote monitoring???????????????????????????????????????????????? 50
References?????????????????????????????????? 52
Part 2 Clinical Concepts?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 55
Chapter 3 Indications for Permanent Pacing, Device, and Lead Selection?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 57
Introduction?????????????????????????????????????? 57
Section 1: indications for permanent pacemaker implantation???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 57
Section 2: lead selection???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 63
Section 3: device selection???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 69
Conclusions???????????????????????????????????? 76
References?????????????????????????????????? 76
Chapter 4 Indications for Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Therapy, Device, and Lead Selection?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 82
Introduction?????????????????????????????????????? 82
ICD indications in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD)???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 83
ICD indications in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 85
ICD indications in patients with long QT syndrome (LQTS)?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 86
ICD implantation in catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT)?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 87
ICD implantation in Brugada syndrome (BrS)?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 88
ICD indications in arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy (ARVD/C)???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 90
ICD code?????????????????????????????? 91
ICD generator selection???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 91
V sensing and refractory (unique to devices)?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 102
Subcutaneous ICD?????????????????????????????????????????????? 103
Conclusions???????????????????????????????????? 103
References?????????????????????????????????? 104
Chapter 5 Hemodynamics of Pacing and Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) for the Failing Left and Right Ventricle???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 111
Physiology of electrical and mechanical activation?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 111
Abnormal activation sequence during bundle branch block???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 116
Site specific hemodynamics of pacing?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 117
Strategies to restore ventricular synchrony in adult heart failure?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 119
Strategies to restore synchrony in pediatric and congenital heart disease???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 122
Conclusions???????????????????????????????????? 130
References?????????????????????????????????? 130
Chapter 6 Sensor Driven Pacing: Ideal Characteristics in Pediatrics???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 138
Introduction?????????????????????????????????????? 138
Basic physiology of exercise?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 139
Characteristics of an ideal rate-adaptive pacing system???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 140
Sensors???????????????????????????? 140
Conclusion?????????????????????????????????? 141
References?????????????????????????????????? 142
Chapter 7 Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Testing in Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 143
Fibrillation and defibrillation???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 143
Defibrillation threshold testing and lowest energy tested???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 144
Common methods of determining DFT in pediatrics and CHD in the current era?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 145
Upper limit of vulnerability?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 145
Equipment and personnel readiness for defibrillation testing at implant???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 146
Factors that affect DFTs?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 147
Approach to the patient with high DFTs?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 147
Retesting of the DFT in pediatric and congenital heart disease?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 147
Follow-up DFTs in non-transvenous ICD configurations?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 148
Conclusions???????????????????????????????????? 148
References?????????????????????????????????? 148
Part 3 Implantation Techniques?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 151
Chapter 8 Permanent Transvenous Pacemaker, CRT, and ICD Implantation in the Structurally Normal Heart???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 153
Introduction?????????????????????????????????????? 153
Procedural requirements and patient selection???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 153
Transvenous access and site selection???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 156
Lead placement in the structurally normal heart???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 158
Device location and pocket creation???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 162
Approach to the generator change?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 163
Conclusion?????????????????????????????????? 164
References?????????????????????????????????? 164
Chapter 9 Permanent Pacemaker, CRT, and ICD Implantation in Congenital Heart Disease?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 167
Indications for pacemaker placement in patients with congenital heart disease???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 167
Recommendations for pacemaker placement in pediatric and CHD?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 168
Recommendations for implantable cardioverter defibrillator placement in patients with CHD???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 170
Implanting the device???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 171
Unique scenarios for pacemaker or ICD implantation in patients with congenital heart disease?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 173
Resynchronization therapy???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 175
Assessment of dyssynchrony in congenital heart disease?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 177
Implantation of a CRT device?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 179
References?????????????????????????????????? 180
Chapter 10 Permanent Epicardial Pacing: When, How, and Why????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 183
Introduction?????????????????????????????????????? 183
Patient size?????????????????????????????????????? 183
Patient anatomy and physiology?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 184
Lead placement and cardiomyopathy???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 185
Lead longevity and implantation???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 185
Epicardial pacing in specific patient substrates?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 186
Types of epicardial pacing leads and implantation approaches?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 188
Complications after epicardial pacemaker implantation???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 190
Conclusion?????????????????????????????????? 190
References?????????????????????????????????? 190
Chapter 11 Managing Device Related Complications and Lead Extraction?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 192
Introduction?????????????????????????????????????? 192
Implant-related complications???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 193
Transvenous leads???????????????????????????????????????????????? 194
Arrhythmias during implantation???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 196
Lead perforation?????????????????????????????????????????????? 196
The pulse generator pocket?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 200
Venous thrombosis???????????????????????????????????????????????? 202
Lead extraction???????????????????????????????????????????? 208
Summary???????????????????????????? 213
References?????????????????????????????????? 213
Chapter 12 Temporary Pacing in Children???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 215
Introduction?????????????????????????????????????? 215
Approaches to temporary pacing?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 216
Conclusion?????????????????????????????????? 227
References?????????????????????????????????? 227
Part 4 Device Programming and Follow-Up???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 229
Chapter 13 Pacemaker and ICD Programming in Congenital Heart Disease?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 231
Pacemaker programming???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 231
ICD programming???????????????????????????????????????????? 235
References?????????????????????????????????? 249
Chapter 14 Pacemaker Troubleshooting and Follow-Up?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 251
Pacemaker programming for unique conditions???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 251
Sensing issues?????????????????????????????????????????? 255
Maladaptive pacemaker function in the young patient or patient with repaired congenital heart disease???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 257
Loss of capture issues?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 258
Upper rate behaviors?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 258
Automatic mode switch algorithms?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 260
Pacemaker mediated tachycardia?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 260
Pacemaker crosstalk???????????????????????????????????????????????????? 263
Noise reversion???????????????????????????????????????????? 264
Pacemakers and MRI?????????????????????????????????????????????????? 265
Follow-up???????????????????????????????? 267
References?????????????????????????????????? 270
Chapter 15 ICD Troubleshooting and Follow-Up?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 272
Introduction?????????????????????????????????????? 272
ICD therapy???????????????????????????????????? 273
Nonphysiologic oversensing?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 274
Physiologic oversensing???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 277
T-wave oversensing?????????????????????????????????????????????????? 280
P-wave oversensing?????????????????????????????????????????????????? 281
R-wave double counting?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 282
Supraventricular tachycardia?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 282
Failure to deliver therapy?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 285
Unsuccessful therapy?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 286
Small caliber ICD lead failures???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 288
ICD generator failures?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 288
Conclusion?????????????????????????????????? 288
References?????????????????????????????????? 288
Chapter 16 CRT device Programming and Optimization 291
Introduction?????????????????????????????????????? 291
Programming the device?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 291
Monitoring CRT response???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 293
CRT optimization?????????????????????????????????????????????? 293
Optimization in pediatrics and congenital heart disease???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 296
Conclusion?????????????????????????????????? 296
References?????????????????????????????????? 298
Chapter 17 Implantable Syncope and Arrhythmia Monitors, and Automated External Defibrillators???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 300
Introduction?????????????????????????????????????? 300
Implantable loop recorders?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 300
Conclusion?????????????????????????????????? 311
References?????????????????????????????????? 311
Chapter 18 Electromagnetic Interference and Implantable Devices???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 314
Background?????????????????????????????????? 314
When to suspect electromagnetic interference?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 316
Sources of electromagnetic interference???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 319
Cardiovascular implanted electronic devices and magnetic resonance imaging?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 320
References?????????????????????????????????? 320
Chapter 19 Quality of Life, Sports, and Implantable Devices in the Young?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 322
Introduction?????????????????????????????????????? 322
Description of the topic?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 322
Quality of Life???????????????????????????????????????????? 322
Sports participation?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 323
References?????????????????????????????????? 325
Chapter 20 Device Innovations and the Future of Device Therapy for Arrhythmia and Heart Failure Management?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 328
Introduction and the legacy of cardiac rhythm management devices?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 328
Toward a better energy source???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 329
Preserving vascular access in our young patients?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 331
Leads and conductors?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 335
Out-patient monitoring?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 338
Cardiac rhythm management devices in low and middle income countries?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 339
References?????????????????????????????????? 340
Glossary?????????????????????????????? 342
Index???????????????????????? 345
EULA 352

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 31.3.2017
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Allgemeines / Lexika
• Themenwelt: Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Innere Medizin ► Kardiologie / Angiologie
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Pädiatrie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie
• Themenwelt: Technik
• Schlagworte: AEDs • Cardiac Pacing and Defibrillation in Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease • Cardiac Rhythm management devices • Cardiovascular Disease • Congenital Heart Disease • CRM • CRT • Defibrillation • Device Programming • Device Related Complications • Device Troubleshooting • electromagnetic interference • electrophysiology • Elektrophysiologie • Epicardial Pacing • Failing Left and Right ventricle • Follow-up • Hemodynamics Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy • ICD • ICD Programming • ICD Testing • Implantable Arrhythmia Monitors • Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Therapy • implantable devices • Implantable Syncope Monitor • implantation techniques • Jonathan R. Kaltman • Kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen • Kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen • Larry A. Rhodes • lead extraction • lead selection • Maully J. Shah • Medical Science • Medizin • MRI compatibility • Pacing • Permanent Transvenous Pacemaker • S-ICD • subcutaneous ICD
• ISBN-10: 1-119-33306-7 / 1119333067
• ISBN-13: 978-1-119-33306-7 / 9781119333067