Physical and Biological Hazards of the Workplace (eBook)

Gregg M. Stave, Peter H. Wald (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2016 | 3. Auflage
608 Seiten
Wiley (Verlag)
978-1-119-27652-4 (ISBN)

Infos

Completely updated version this classic reference covers both physical hazards and biological agents

• Provides updated information on protecting workers from proven and possible health risks from manual material handling, extremes of temperature and pressure, ionizing and non-ionizing (magnetic fields) radiation, shiftwork, and more
• Details major changes in our understanding of biological hazards including Ebola, Chikungunya, Zika, HIV, Hepatitis C, Lyme disease, MERS-CoV, TB, and much more
• All infectious diseases have been updated from an occupational health perspective
• Includes practical guidance on to how to set up medical surveillance for hazards and suggests preventive measures that can be used to reduce occupational diseases

Gregg  M. Stave, MD, JD, MPH, FACP, FACOEM, FACPM is a consultant in occupational medicine and corporate health and Assistant Consulting Professor in the Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine at Duke University Medical Center. He previously worked as a corporate medical director for Glaxo.

Peter H. Wald, MD, MPH, FACP, FACOEM, FACMT, is the Enterprise Medical Director at USAA in San Antonio, Texas, and Adjunct Professor of Public Health, San Antonio Regional Campus, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX.

Inhalt

TITLE PAGE 5
COPYRIGHT PAGE 6
CONTENTS 9
ABOUT THE EDITORS 15
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS 17
FOREWORD TO THE FIRST EDITION 21
PREFACE 23
ACGIH POLICY STATEMENT 25
ACGIH STATEMENT OF POSITION 27
PART I PHYSICAL HAZARDS 29
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION to PHYSICAL HAZARDS 31
MECHANICS 31
ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION 33
WORKER PROTECTION 34
FURTHER READING 39
I WORKER–MATERIAL INTERFACES 41
CHAPTER 2 ERGONOMICS and UPPER EXTREMITYMUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS 41
OCCUPATIONAL SETTING 41
MEASUREMENT—ASSESSMENT 45
EXPOSURE GUIDELINES 45
NORMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND ANATOMY 48
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS 49
DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT 52
SURVEILLANCE 55
PREVENTION 55
REFERENCES 56
CHAPTER 3 MANUAL MATERIALS HANDLING 61
OCCUPATIONAL SETTING 61
NORMAL ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE SPINE 62
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF INJURY AND RISK FACTORS 62
MEASUREMENT ISSUES 64
GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS 69
DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT 72
MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE 73
PREVENTION 73
SUMMARY 76
REFERENCES 77
CHAPTER 4 OCCUPATIONAL VIBRATION EXPOSURE 81
OCCUPATIONAL SETTING 81
OCCUPATIONAL VIBRATION MEASUREMENTS 82
OCCUPATIONAL VIBRATION GUIDELINES USED IN THE UNITED STATES 83
WHOLE-BODY VIBRATION AND LOW BACK PROBLEMS 87
PREVENTION 91
HAND–ARM VIBRATION MEDICAL EFFECTS 92
DIAGNOSIS 93
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 94
TREATMENT AND MANAGEMENT 94
HAND–ARM VIBRATION CONTROL 95
REFERENCES 95
CHAPTER 5 MECHANICAL ENERGY 101
OCCUPATIONAL SETTING 101
MEASUREMENT ISSUES 101
EXPOSURE GUIDELINES 103
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF INJURY 103
TREATMENT 104
SURVEILLANCE PROGRAMS 104
PREVENTION 109
SUMMARY 114
REFERENCES 114
II THE PHYSICAL WORK ENVIRONMENT 115
HOT ENVIRONMENTS 115
OCCUPATIONAL SETTING 115
MEASUREMENT ISSUES 116
EXPOSURE GUIDELINES 116
ACGIH GUIDELINES 118
NIOSH GUIDELINES 120
NORMAL PHYSIOLOGY 121
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF ILLNESS AND TREATMENT 122
MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE 124
HEAT EXPOSURE AND REPRODUCTION 126
PREVENTION 126
REFERENCES 127
CHAPTER 7 COLD ENVIRONMENTS 129
OCCUPATIONAL SETTING 129
MEASUREMENT ISSUES 129
EXPOSURE GUIDELINES 130
NORMAL PHYSIOLOGY 130
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF INJURY 132
DIAGNOSIS 133
TREATMENT 134
MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE 134
PREVENTION 135
REFERENCES 136
CHAPTER 8 HIGH-PRESSURE ENVIRONMENTS 139
OCCUPATIONAL SETTING 139
MEASUREMENT ISSUES AND PHYSICS OF PRESSURE 144
EXPOSURE GUIDELINES 145
SPECIAL UNDERWATER STRESSORS 145
OTHER HAZARDS IN THE DIVING ENVIRONMENT 148
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF DIRECT PRESSURE INJURY 149
LONG?TERM HEALTH EFFECTS 153
TREATMENT OF BUBBLE?RELATED DISEASE 154
MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE 154
PREVENTION 156
REFERENCES 156
CHAPTER 9 LOW-PRESSURE and HIGH-ALTITUDE ENVIRONMENTS 159
OCCUPATIONAL SETTING 159
LOW-PRESSURE ENVIRONMENTS 159
HYPOXIA 161
HIGH-ALTITUDE ACCLIMATIZATION AND ILLNESS 163
OTHER ALTITUDE-RELATED CONDITIONS 165
REFERENCES 165
CHAPTER 10 SHIFT WORK 167
OCCUPATIONAL SETTING 167
MEASUREMENT GUIDELINES 168
EXPOSURE GUIDELINES (SCHEDULE DESIGN) 168
NORMAL PHYSIOLOGY 173
PATHOBIOLOGY (CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS AND SHIFT WORK) 173
DIAGNOSIS 174
TREATMENT (COUNTERMEASURES) 187
MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE 190
PREVENTION AND ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS 191
REFERENCES 193
CHAPTER 11 IONIZING RADIATION 205
BACKGROUND RADIATION 205
OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES 205
DIAGNOSTIC MEDICAL EXPOSURES 206
MEASUREMENT ISSUES AND THE PHYSICS OF IONIZING RADIATION 206
EXPOSURE GUIDELINES 208
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND HEALTH EFFECTS 209
DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT 214
PREVENTION 221
EMERGENCY INFORMATION AND EXPERT ADVICE 222
REFERENCES 222
CHAPTER 12 ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION 225
OCCUPATIONAL SETTING 225
MEASUREMENT ISSUES 225
EXPOSURE GUIDELINES 226
NORMAL PHYSIOLOGY 226
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF INJURY 226
DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT 227
MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE 228
PREVENTION 228
REFERENCES 228
CHAPTER 13 VISIBLE LIGHT and INFRARED RADIATION 231
OCCUPATIONAL SETTING 231
MEASUREMENT ISSUES 231
EXPOSURE GUIDELINES 232
NORMAL PHYSIOLOGY 232
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF INJURY 232
TREATMENT 235
MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE 235
PREVENTION 235
REFERENCES 235
CHAPTER 14 LASER RADIATION 237
OCCUPATIONAL SETTING 237
MEASUREMENT ISSUES AND CLASSIFICATION OF LASER POWER 237
EXPOSURE GUIDELINES 238
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF INJURY 238
TREATMENT 240
MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE 240
PREVENTION 240
REFERENCES 241
CHAPTER 15 MICROWAVE, RADIOFREQUENCY, and EXTREMELY LOW-FREQUENCY ENERGY 243
MICROWAVE AND RADIOFREQUENCY RADIATION 243
EXTREMELY LOW-FREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION: MAGNETIC FIELDS 246
REFERENCES 249
CHAPTER 16 NOISE 251
OCCUPATIONAL SETTING 251
MEASUREMENT ISSUES 251
EXPOSURE GUIDELINES 253
NORMAL PHYSIOLOGY 253
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF NOISE-INDUCED HEARING LOSS 254
DIAGNOSIS 256
TREATMENT 256
MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE 256
PREVENTION 257
REFERENCES 258
CHAPTER 17 ELECTRICAL POWER and ELECTRICAL INJURIES 259
OCCUPATIONAL SETTING 259
LIGHTNING INJURIES 265
REFERENCES 267
PART II BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS 269
CHAPTER 18 GENERAL PRINCIPLES of MICROBIOLOGY and INFECTIOUS DISEASE 271
ETIOLOGY OF DISEASE 271
TRANSMISSIBILITY OF DISEASE 273
INFECTIVITY OF DISEASE 274
CLASSIFICATION OF MICROORGANISMS FOR LABORATORY WORK 275
FURTHER READING 275
CHAPTER 19 CLINICAL RECOGNITION of OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE and HEALTH CONSEQUENCES 277
INFECTION 277
SPECIFIC CLINICAL DISEASES 278
IMMUNE MECHANISMS AND HYPERSENSITIVITY DISORDERS 280
SPECIFIC CLINICAL SYNDROMES 280
LABORATORY CONFIRMATION OF INFECTIOUS AND HYPERSENSITIVITY DISEASES 281
CLINICAL TESTING FOR HYPERSENSITIVITY 283
WHEN TO SUSPECT OCCUPATIONAL ILLNESS OF BIOLOGICAL ORIGIN 284
EVALUATION OF SUSPECTED OCCUPATIONAL ILLNESS 286
FURTHER READING 287
CHAPTER 20 PREVENTION of ILLNESS from BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS 289
OCCUPATIONS WITH POTENTIAL BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS 289
THE OSHA BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS STANDARD 289
THE HISTORY OF OSHA GUIDELINES FOR TUBERCULOSIS 290
PROPOSED OSHA INFECTIOUS DISEASE STANDARD 291
PREVENTION OF EXPOSURE TO BIOLOGICAL AGENTS 291
SURVEILLANCE 293
VACCINATION 294
SPECIAL SITUATIONS 294
REFERENCES 301
CHAPTER 21 VIRUSES 303
ARBOVIRUSES 303
REFERENCES 308
ARENAVIRUSES 310
REFERENCES 311
CORONAVIRUS 311
REFERENCES 314
CYTOMEGALOVIRUS (CMV) 315
REFERENCES 316
FILOVIRUSES (EBOLA AND MARBURG VIRUSES) 316
REFERENCES 321
HANTAVIRUSES 322
REFERENCES 324
HEPATITIS A VIRUS (HAV) 324
REFERENCES 327
HEPATITIS B VIRUS (HBV) 327
REFERENCES 332
HEPATITIS C VIRUS (HCV) 332
REFERENCES 334
HERPES B VIRUS 334
REFERENCES 336
HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS (HSV) 336
REFERENCES 337
HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV?1) 338
REFERENCES 343
HUMAN T-CELL LYMPHOTROPHIC VIRUS 344
REFERENCES 345
INFLUENZA VIRUS 345
REFERENCES 347
MEASLES VIRUS 348
REFERENCES 350
MUMPS VIRUS 350
REFERENCES 352
NOROVIRUS (FORMERLY NORWALK VIRUS) AND OTHER ENTERIC VIRUSES 352
REFERENCES 353
PARVOVIRUS B19 353
REFERENCES 355
RABIES VIRUS 355
REFERENCES 359
RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS (RSV) 361
REFERENCES 362
RUBELLA VIRUS 362
REFERENCES 364
SIMIAN RETROVIRUSES 364
REFERENCES 366
VACCINIA 366
REFERENCES 369
VARICELLA ZOSTER VIRUS (VZV) 370
REFERENCES 373
CHAPTER 22 BACTERIA 375
ACINETOBACTER SPECIES 375
REFERENCES 376
BACILLUS SPECIES 376
REFERENCES 379
BORRELIA SPECIES 380
REFERENCES 383
BRUCELLA SPECIES 384
REFERENCES 386
CAMPYLOBACTER SPECIES 387
REFERENCES 388
CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM (INCLUDING C. ARGENTINENSE, C. BARATII, AND C. BUTYRICUM) 389
REFERENCES 390
CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE 391
REFERENCES 392
CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS (ALSO C. SEPTICUM, C. NOVI) 392
REFERENCES 394
CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI 394
REFERENCES 396
CORYNEBACTERIUM SPECIES 396
REFERENCES 397
ERYSIPELOTHRIX RHUSIOPATHIAE 398
REFERENCES 399
ESCHERICHIA COLI 399
REFERENCES 401
FRANCISELLA TULARENSIS (INCLUDING F. NOVOCIDA) 401
REFERENCES 403
HAEMOPHILUS DUCREYI 404
REFERENCES 404
HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZA 405
REFERENCES 406
HELICOBACTER PYLORI 406
REFERENCES 407
LEGIONELLA SPECIES (LEGIONELLA PNEUMOPHILA, LEGIONELLA LONGBEACHAE) 407
REFERENCES 408
LEPTOSPIRA INTERROGANS 409
REFERENCES 410
LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES 411
REFERENCES 412
MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIAE 412
REFERENCES 413
NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE 414
REFERENCES 414
NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS 415
REFERENCES 417
PASTEURELLA MULTOCIDA 417
REFERENCES 418
PSEUDOMONAS AND BURKHOLDERIA SPECIES 418
REFERENCES 420
RAT-BITE FEVER: STREPTOBACILLUS MONILIFORMIS AND SPIRILLUM MINOR 420
REFERENCES 421
RELAPSING FEVER: BORRELIA SPECIES (other than B. burgdorferi) 421
REFERENCES 422
SALMONELLA SPECIES 422
REFERENCES 425
SHIGELLA SPECIES 425
REFERENCES 426
STAPHYLOCOCCUS SPECIES 427
REFERENCES 428
STREPTOCOCCUS SPECIES 429
REFERENCES 431
TREPONEMA PALLIDUM 431
REFERENCES 432
VIBRIO CHOLERAE 432
REFERENCES 433
VIBRIO SPECIES OTHER THAN V. CHOLERAE (V. PARAHEMOLYTICUS, V. VULNIFICUS) 433
REFERENCES 434
YERSINIA PESTIS 435
REFERENCES 437
YERSINIA PSEUDOTUBERCULOSIS AND ENTEROCOLITICA 437
REFERENCES 438
CHAPTER 23 MYCOBACTERIA 439
MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS (M. tb.) 439
REFERENCES 447
MYCOBACTERIA OTHER THAN MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS 448
REFERENCES 450
CHAPTER 24 FUNGI 453
ALTERNARIA SPECIES 453
REFERENCES 455
ASPERGILLUS SPECIES 455
REFERENCES 457
BASIDIOMYCETES (INCLUDING MERULIUS LACRYMANS, LYCOPERDON, AND MUSHROOMS) 458
REFERENCES 459
BLASTOMYCES DERMATITIDIS 460
REFERENCES 461
CANDIDA SPECIES 462
REFERENCES 463
CLADOSPORIUM SPECIES 463
REFERENCES 464
COCCIDIOIDES IMMITIS 464
REFERENCES 466
CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS AND CRYPTOCOCCUS GATTII 467
REFERENCES 468
CRYPTOSTROMA CORTICALE 468
REFERENCES 469
FONSECAEA AND OTHER AGENTS OF CHROMOMYCOSIS 469
REFERENCES 470
HISTOPLASMA CAPSULATUM 470
REFERENCES 473
MADURELLA SPECIES AND OTHER AGENTS OF MYCETOMA 473
REFERENCES 474
PARACOCCIDIOIDES BRASILIENSIS 474
REFERENCES 475
PENICILLIUM SPECIES 475
REFERENCES 476
SPOROTHRIX SCHENCKII 477
REFERENCES 478
STACHYBOTRYS CHARTARUM 478
REFERENCES 479
TRICHOPHYTON AND OTHER DERMATOPHYTES 480
REFERENCES 481
ZYGOMYCETES 481
REFERENCES 482
CHAPTER 25 ANAPLASMA, CHLAMYDOPHILA, COXIELLA, EHRLICHIA, and RICKETTSIA 485
ANAPLASMA 485
REFERENCES 487
CHLAMYDOPHILA PSITTACI 487
REFERENCES 489
COXIELLA BURNETII 489
REFERENCES 491
EHRLICHIA SPECIES 491
REFERENCES 494
RICKETTSIA RICKETTSII 494
REFERENCES 497
CHAPTER 26 PARASITES 499
CRYPTOSPORIDIUM PARVUM 499
REFERENCES 502
CYCLOSPORIASIS 502
REFERENCES 505
CUTANEOUS, MUCOCUTANEOUS, AND VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS 506
REFERENCES 512
NANOPHYETUS 513
REFERENCES 514
PFIESTERIA PISCICIDA 514
REFERENCES 515
PLASMODIUM SPECIES 515
REFERENCES 521
TOXOPLASMA GONDII 521
REFERENCES 526
CHAPTER 27 ENVENOMATIONS 529
ARTHROPOD ENVENOMATIONS 529
HYMENOPTERA 529
REFERENCES 530
LATRODECTUS SPECIES 531
REFERENCES 532
LOXOSCELES SPECIES 532
REFERENCES 533
SCORPIONIDA (SCORPIONS) 533
REFERENCES 534
MARINE ENVENOMATIONS 534
CAT FISH 534
REFERENCES 535
COELENTERATE:ANTHOZOA 535
REFERENCES 535
COELENTERATE:HYDROZOA 536
REFERENCES 536
COELENTERATA:SCYPHOZOA 537
REFERENCES 537
DASYATIS (STINGRAY) 537
REFERENCES 538
ECHINODERMATA 538
REFERENCES 539
MOLLUSCA 539
REFERENCES 539
PORIFERA 540
REFERENCES 540
SCORPAENIDAE 540
REFERENCES 541
SNAKE ENVENOMATIONS 541
COLUBRIDAE 541
REFERENCES 542
CROTALIDAE 542
REFERENCES 543
ELAPIDAE 544
REFERENCES 545
HYDROPHIDAE 545
REFERENCES 546
CHAPTER 28 ALLERGENS 547
ENZYMES 547
REFERENCES 549
FARM ANIMALS 549
REFERENCES 550
GRAIN DUST 550
REFERENCES 551
INSECTS 552
REFERENCES 553
LABORATORY ANIMALS 554
REFERENCES 556
MITES 557
REFERENCES 558
PLANTS 559
REFERENCES 561
SHELLFISH AND OTHER MARINE INVERTEBRATES 561
REFERENCES 562
WHEAT FLOUR AND EGG 562
REFERENCES 564
CHAPTER 29 LATEX 565
OCCUPATIONAL SETTING 565
EXPOSURE (ROUTE) 565
PATHOBIOLOGY 566
DIAGNOSIS 567
TREATMENT 568
MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE 568
PREVENTION 569
REFERENCES 569
CHAPTER 30 MALIGNANT CELLS 571
OCCUPATIONAL SETTING 571
EXPOSURE (ROUTE) 571
PATHOBIOLOGY 571
TREATMENT 572
MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE 572
PREVENTION 572
REFERENCES 572
CHAPTER 31 RECOMBINANT ORGANISMS 575
OCCUPATIONAL SETTING 575
EXPOSURE (ROUTE) 575
PATHOBIOLOGY 575
MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE 578
PREVENTION 579
REFERENCES 579
CHAPTER 32 PRIONS: CREUTZFELDT–JAKOB DISEASE (CJD) and RELATED TRANSMISSIBLE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHIES (TSEs) 581
OCCUPATIONAL SETTING 581
EXPOSURE (ROUTE) 581
PATHOBIOLOGY 581
DIAGNOSIS 582
TREATMENT 582
PREVENTION 582
REFERENCES 583
CHAPTER 33 ENDOTOXINS 585
OCCUPATIONAL SETTING 585
EXPOSURE (ROUTE) 585
PATHOBIOLOGY 585
ACUTE EXPOSURES 585
CHRONIC EXPOSURE 586
DIAGNOSIS 587
TREATMENT 588
MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE 588
PREVENTION 588
REFERENCES 589
CHAPTER 34 WOOD DUST 591
OCCUPATIONAL SETTING 591
EXPOSURE (ROUTE) 591
PATHOBIOLOGY 591
DIAGNOSIS 593
TREATMENT 593
MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE 593
PREVENTION 593
REFERENCES 594
INDEX 597
EULA 607

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 14.11.2016
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Gesundheitsfachberufe
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Arbeits- / Sozial- / Umweltmedizin
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Chemie
• Themenwelt: Technik
• Themenwelt: Wirtschaft
• Schlagworte: Arbeitsschutz • Arbeitssicherheit u. Umweltschutz i. d. Chemie • Chemical and Environmental Health and Safety • Chemie • Chemistry • emergency management • Gefährlicher Stoff • Gefährlicher Stoff • Gesundheitsschädlicher Stoff • Gesundheitsschädlicher Stoff • Industrial Chemistry • Katastrophenschutz • security management • Sicherheitsmanagement • Technische u. Industrielle Chemie
• ISBN-10: 1-119-27652-7 / 1119276527
• ISBN-13: 978-1-119-27652-4 / 9781119276524