Application of Ionic Liquids on Rare Earth Green Separation and Utilization (eBook)

Ji Chen (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2015 | 1st ed. 2016
XI, 257 Seiten
Springer Berlin (Verlag)
978-3-662-47510-2 (ISBN)

Infos

This book comprehensively details the applications of ionic liquids in rare earth green separation and utilization based on the unique interactions of ionic liquids with rare earth ions. It consists of nine chapters demonstrating the synthesis and properties of ionic liquids, coordination chemistry of ionic liquids and rare earth, ionic liquids as diluents, extractants, adsorption resins for rare earth extraction and separation, electrodeposition of rare earth metals in ionic liquids, and preparation of rare earth material with the aid of ionic liquids. It is both interesting and useful to chemists, metallurgists and graduate students working on fundamental research of ionic liquids as well as professionals in the rare earth industry. It provides considerable insights into green chemistry and sustainable processes for rare earth separation in order to meet the environmental challenge of rare earth metallurgy around the globe, especially in China.

Ji Chen is a Professor of Chemistry at the Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.

Ji Chen obtained his doctorate from the Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), in 1999. He was a postdoctoral researcher at the Institute of Chemical Metallurgy, CAS, from 1999 to 2001. Then he worked at the Kanazawa University, Japan and the University of Alabama, USA, from 2002 to 2004. He has been appointed as a professor of chemistry at Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry since 2004. Among his current interests are the utilization of ionic liquids (ILs) as extraction media or extractants and ILs functionalized solvent impregnated resin for the extraction and separation of rare earth and related metal ions, the interaction of extractant with rare earth and the mechanism of interfacial mass transfer, the clean rare earth separation techniques at an industrial scale for Bayan Obo rare earth ore with mixed bastnasite and monazite and ion-adsorbed rare earth deposits in South China.

Inhalt

Preface 6
Contents 8
Contributors 10
Part I: Introduction 13
Chapter 1: Ionic Liquids in the Context of Rare Earth Separation and Utilization 14
1.1 Rare Earths 14
1.2 Overview of REs Resources and Associated Issues 15
1.2.1 Primary Resource 15
1.2.1.1 Bastnasite 15
1.2.1.2 Monazite 16
1.2.1.3 Ion-Absorbed RE Deposit 18
1.2.2 Secondary Resource 19
1.2.3 Advanced Nuclear Fuel System 19
1.3 Separation History of REs 20
1.3.1 Hazardous Issues Associated with Organic Dilute 20
1.3.2 Overview of the Defects of Organic Extractant 21
1.4 Ionic Liquids in RE Separation 23
1.4.1 Introduction of Ionic Liquids 23
1.4.2 Why Choose ILs? 23
1.4.3 Uniqueness of ILs for the Separation 24
1.4.3.1 ILs Used as Solvent 24
1.4.3.2 ILs Used as Extractant 24
1.5 Solid-Liquid Separation Systems 25
1.6 IL-Based RE Functional Materials 26
1.7 Outlook 27
References 27
Part II: Chemistry of Ionic Liquids with Rare Earth 29
Chapter 2: Using Crystal Structures of Ionic Compounds to Explore Complexation and Extraction of Rare Earth Elements in Ionic ... 30
2.1 Introduction 30
2.2 Inner-Sphere Interactions Between Metal Ions and Ionic Liquid Extractants: Bis(O,O-ethyl)dithiophosphate 32
2.3 Inner- and Outer-Sphere Interactions in a Fully Ionic Environment: 1,2-di(4-Pyridyl)ethylene 39
2.4 Ionic Interactions Between Charged Complexes of Different Metals: [Tb(NO3)2(OH2)5][Th(NO3)5(OH2)2] 43
2.5 Conclusions 47
References 47
Part III: Ionic Liquids for the Extraction and Separation of Rare Earth 52
Chapter 3: Separating Rare-Earth Elements with Ionic Liquids 53
3.1 Introduction 54
3.2 Preparation of Ionic Liquids for Extraction 55
3.2.1 Synthesis Methods 55
3.2.2 Purification Methods 56
3.3 Properties of Ionic Liquids for Extraction 57
3.3.1 Volatility, Thermal Stability, and Flammability 57
3.3.2 Viscosity 59
3.3.3 Solubility and Degradation 61
3.4 Recycling Rare-Earth Elements with Ionic Liquid-Based Extractants 63
3.4.1 Solvent Extraction Separation of La3+ and Ba2+ 63
3.4.2 TALSPEAK-Like Extraction of REEs with Task-Specific ILs 66
3.4.3 Mechanism Study of TALSPEAK-Like Extraction of REEs 68
3.4.4 Extracting REEs from Aqueous Solution with Methylimidazole in Ionic Liquids 70
3.5 Conclusions 73
References 74
Chapter 4: Ionic Liquid-Based Extraction and the Application to Liquid Membrane Separation of Rare Earth Metals 80
4.1 Introduction 81
4.2 Extraction System for Rare-Earth Metals Using ILs 82
4.2.1 Extraction Using Industrial Extractants 82
4.2.2 Extraction Using a Novel Extractant 84
4.2.3 Application of IL DODGAA System 85
4.3 IL-Based Liquid Membrane System 87
4.4 Conclusions 88
References 89
Chapter 5: Application of Ionic Liquid Extractants on Rare Earth Green Separation 91
5.1 General 92
5.2 Preparation and Classification of ILs for REEs Separation 93
5.2.1 General Terms and Signs for Extraction Procedure 93
5.2.1.1 Distribution Ratio (D) 93
5.2.1.2 Extraction Efficiency (E%) 94
5.2.1.3 Separation Factor (beta) 94
5.2.1.4 Stripping Ratio (St) 95
5.2.2 Preparation of Bif-ILEs 95
5.2.2.1 Acid/Base Neutralization Method 95
5.2.2.2 [A336][OH] ([Trialkylmethylammonium][Hydroxide]) 95
5.2.2.3 [A336][CA-12] ([Trialkylmethylammonium][Sec-octylphenoxy acetate]) 97
5.2.2.4 [A336][CA-100] ([Trialkylmethylammonium][Sec-nonylphenoxy acetate]) 97
5.2.2.5 [A336][P204] ([Trialkylmethylammonium][Di-2-ethylhexylphosphate]) 97
5.2.3 Bif-ILEs for REE Separation 97
5.3 Kinetics of ILs for REE Separation 103
5.3.1 Dynamics Zone 105
5.3.2 Diffusion Zone 105
5.3.3 Mixed Zone 105
5.4 IL-Functionalized Materials for REE Separation 111
5.4.1 Silica-Supported Ionic Liquids (S-SILs) 111
5.4.2 Membrane-Supported Ionic Liquids (M-SILs) 112
5.4.3 Polymer-Supported Ionic Liquids (P-SILs) 113
References 119
Part IV: Electrodeposition of Rare Earth Metal in Ionic Liquids 121
Chapter 6: Electrodeposition of Rare Earth Metal in Ionic Liquids 122
6.1 Introduction 123
6.2 Solubility of Nd(III) and Dy(III) 124
6.3 Solvation Analysis of Nd(III) and Dy(III) 128
6.3.1 Solvation Structure of Nd(III) 128
6.3.2 Solvation Structure of Dy(III) 129
6.4 Physicochemical Properties of Nd(III) 131
6.5 Electrochemical Behaviors of Nd(III) and Dy(III) 133
6.5.1 Electrochemical Behavior of Nd(III) 133
6.5.2 Nucleation Behavior of Nd Nuclei 137
6.5.3 Electrochemical Behavior of Dy(II) and Dy(III) 139
6.5.4 Nucleation Behavior of Dy Nuclei 143
6.6 Electrodeposition of Nd and Dy Metals 144
6.6.1 Electrodeposition of Nd Metal 144
6.6.2 Electrodeposition of Dy Metal 147
6.7 Recovery Process of Nd Metal from Spent Nd-Fe-B Magnets 149
6.7.1 Pretreatment Process 149
6.7.2 Wet Separation Process 150
6.7.3 Electrodeposition Process 151
6.7.4 Material Flow of Recovery Process 154
References 156
Part V: Utilization of Ionic Liquids on Rare Earth Materials 159
Chapter 7: Ionic Liquids and Rare Earth Soft Luminescent Materials 160
7.1 Introduction 160
7.2 Methods for the Preparation of RE-Ionic Liquids 162
7.2.1 Doping RE Compounds in Ionic Liquids 162
7.2.2 Incorporating RE Compounds in Anions of Ionic Liquids 163
7.2.3 Grafting RE Compounds to the Organic Cations of Ionic Liquids 165
7.2.4 Dissolution of RE Oxides in Carboxyl-Functionalized Ionic Liquid 165
7.3 Luminescent Ionogels 168
7.3.1 Organosilica-Based Luminescent Ionogels 169
7.3.2 Polymer-Based Luminescent Ionogels 171
7.3.3 Poly(Ionic Liquid)-Based Luminescent Ionogels 174
7.4 Luminescence Enhancement of Eu(III)-beta-Diketonate Complexes by Ionic Liquid 175
7.5 Conclusions 177
References 178
Chapter 8: Photofunctional Rare Earth Materials Based on Ionic Liquids 182
8.1 Introduction 182
8.2 Photofunctional Rare Earth Compounds with Ionic Liquids 183
8.3 Photofunctional Rare Earth Compounds Dispersed in Ionic Liquids 188
8.4 Photofunctional Rare Earth Hybrid Materials Based on Ionic Liquid with Organically Modified Siloxane 192
8.5 Conclusion and Outlook 206
References 206
Chapter 9: Ionic Liquid-Assisted Hydrothermal Synthesis of Rare Earth Luminescence Materials 210
9.1 Introduction 210
9.2 ``All-in-One´´ Synthesis and Photoluminescence Properties of Rare Earth-Related Materials 212
9.3 Ionic Liquid Microemulsion 222
9.4 Two Phase Synthesis of Luminescence Materials 231
9.5 Ionic Liquid as Template 249
9.6 Conclusions and Prospect 255
References 257

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 8.10.2015
• Reihe/Serie: Green Chemistry and Sustainable Technology
• Reihe/Serie: Green Chemistry and Sustainable Technology
• Zusatzinfo: XI, 257 p. 158 illus., 68 illus. in color.
• Verlagsort: Berlin
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Chemie
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Maschinenbau
• Schlagworte: Hydrothermal synthesis • Liquid-liquid extraction • Liquid membrane separation • Quantum chemistry modeling • Rare Earth separation and extraction • Soft luminescent materials • Solid-Liquid Extraction • Solvation microdynamics • TALSPEAK-like extraction • X-ray crystallography
• ISBN-10: 3-662-47510-3 / 3662475103
• ISBN-13: 978-3-662-47510-2 / 9783662475102