Flowering Plants. Monocots (eBook)

Poaceae

Elizabeth A. Kellogg (Autor)

eBook Download: PDF

2015 | 1. Auflage
XV, 416 Seiten
Springer-Verlag
978-3-319-15332-2 (ISBN)

Infos

This volume is the outcome of a modern phylogenetic analysis of the grass family based on multiple sources of data, in particular molecular systematic studies resulting from a concerted effort by researchers worldwide, including the author. In the classification given here grasses are subdivided into 12 subfamilies with 29 tribes and over 700 genera. The keys and descriptions for the taxa above the rank of genus are hierarchical, i.e. they concentrate upon characters which are deemed to be synapomorphic for the lineages and may be applicable only to their early-diverging taxa.

Beyond the treatment of phylogeny and formal taxonomy, the author presents a wide range of information on topics such as the structural characters of grasses, their related functional aspects and particularly corresponding findings from the field of developmental genetics with inclusion of genes and gene products instrumental in the shaping of morphological traits (in which this volume appears unique within this book series); further topics addressed include the contentious time of origin of the family, the emigration of the originally shade-loving grasses out of the forest to form vast grasslands accompanied by the switch of many members to C₄ photosynthesis, the impact of herbivores on the silica cycle housed in the grass phytoliths, the reproductive biology of grasses, the domestication of major cereal crops and the affinities of grasses within the newly circumscribed order Poales.

This volume provides a comprehensive overview of existing knowledge on the Poaceae (Gramineae), with major implications in terms of key scientific challenges awaiting future research. It certainly will be of interest both for the grass specialist and also the generalist seeking state-of-the-art information on the diversity of grasses, the most ecologically and economically important of the families of flowering plants.

Inhalt

Poaceae – General Information Description of the familyVegetative morphology and anatomy            Roots            Stems            Leaves                        Morphology and development                        Leaf epidermis                        Internal anatomy of leaves Inflorescence structure            Transition to flowering            Bract formation and inflorescence phyllotaxis            Numbers of orders of branching            Numbers of branches or spikelets at each order of branching            Branch angle            Axis elongation            Spikelets            Disarticulation Flower structure Embryology            Ovule            Megagametophyte            Embryo            Endosperm Karyology and genome structure            Chromosome number            Polyploidy            Genome size            Genome mapping, sequencing and conservation of gene order            GC content Pollen            Morphology and anther structure            Pollination                        Pollen transfer                        Pollen germination and pollen tube growth Fruit and seed            Dispersal                        Unassisted or wind dispersal                        Dispersal in time: seed dormancy                        Dispersal by animals                        Role of the awn                        Forcible dispersal Phytochemistry            Phenolics            Derivatives of amino acids (tryptophan, phenylalanine, tyrosine)            Terpenoids            Chemicals produced by symbionts or pathogens            Phytosiderophores Distribution, habitats and conservation            Distribution and maintenance of grasslands            Distribution of major clades            Species diversity            Conservation and response to climate change Reproductive systems            Unisexual vs. bisexual flowers            Self-pollination and self-incompatibility systems            Cleistogamy            Barriers to interspecific crossing            Asexual reproduction Fossil record and dates of diversification Domestication            Origins of major cereal crops            Morphological changes in domestication            Genetic and genomic changes in domestication Affinities Classification of the Poaceae Subdivision of the family            Key to the subfamilies I. Subfamily AnomochlooideaeSpikelet clade II. Subfamily PharoideaeBistigmatic clade III. Subfamily PuelioideaeBEP + PACMAD cladesBEP clade            Incertae sedis – Streptogyna IV. Subfamily Ehrhartoideae            Ehrhartoideae Incertae sedis – Suddia            I. Tribe Phyllorachideae            II. Tribe Ehrharteae            III. Tribe Oryzeae                        III.1. Subtribe Oryzinae                        III.2. Subtribe Zizaniinae V. Subfamily Bambusoideae            IV. Tribe Arundinarieae                        Clade I. Bergbambos                        Clade II. Oldeania                        Clade III. Chimonocalamus                        Clade IV. Shibataea                        Clade V. Phyllostachys                        Clade VI. Arundinaria                        Clade VII. Thamnocalamus                        Clade VIII. “Indocalamus” wilsonii                        Clade IX. Gaoligongshania                        Clade X. Indocalamus s.s.                        Clade XI. “Ampelocalamus” calcareus                        Clade XII. Kuruna            V. Tribe Bambuseae            Neotropical clade                        V.1. Subtribe Chusqueinae                        V.2. Subtribe Arthrostylidiinae                        V.3. Subtribe Guaduinae            Paleotropical clade                        V.4. Subtribe Bambusinae                        V.5. Subtribe Melocanninae                        V.6. Subtribe Hickeliinae                        V.7. Subtribe Racemobambosinae            VI. Tribe Olyreae                        VI.1. Subtribe Buergersiochloinae                        VI.2. Subtribe Parianinae                        VI.3. Subtribe Olyrinae VI. Subfamily Pooideae            VII. Tribe Brachyelytreae            VIII. Tribe Nardeae            IX. Tribe Phaenospermateae            X. Tribe Stipeae            XI. Tribe Meliceae            XII. Tribe Diarrheneae            XIII. Tribe Brachypodieae            XIV. Tribe Bromeae            XV. Tribe Triticeae            XVI. Tribe Poeae                        Incertae sedis                        XVI.1. Subtribe Torreyochloinae                        XVI.2. Subtribe Aveninae                        XVI.3. Subtribe Phalaridinae                        XVI.4. Subtribe Anthoxanthinae                        XVI.5. Subtribe Agrostidinae                        XVI.6. Subtribe Scolochloinae                        XVI.7. Subtribe Airinae                        XVI.8. Subtribe Ammochloinae                        XVI.9. Subtribe Cynosurinae                        XVI.10. Subtribe Loliinae                        XVI.11. Subtribe Dactylidinae                        XVI.12. Subtribe Parapholiinae                        XVI.13. Subtribe Sesleriinae                        XVI.14. Subtribe Coleanthinae                        XVI.15. Subtribe Poinae PACMAD cladeVII. Subfamily Aristidoideae VIII. Subfamily Panicoideae            XVII. Tribe Steyermarkochloeae            XVIII. Tribe Tristachyideae            XIX. Tribe Chasmanthieae            XX. Tribe Gynerieae            XXI. Tribe Centotheceae            Panicoideae s.s.            Panicoideae s.s. incertae sedis            XXII. Tribe Andropogoneae                        XXII.1. Subtribe Arundinellinae                        Andropogoneae s.s.                        Andropogoneae s.s. incertae sedis                        XXII.2. Subtribe Tripsacinae                        XXII.3. Subtribe Rottboelliinae                        XXII.4. Subtribe Ischaeminae                        XXII.5. Subtribe Saccharinae                        XXII.6. Subtribe Germainiinae                        XXII.7. Subtribe Andropogoninae         XXIII. Tribe Paspaleae                     XXIII.1. Subtribe Arthropogoninae                     XXIII.2. Subtribe Otachyriinae                     XXIII.3. Subtribe Paspalinae         XXIV. Tribe Paniceae                     Incertae sedis                     XXIV.1. Subtribe Anthephorinae                     XXIV.2. Subtribe Boivinellinae                     XXIV.3. Subtribe Neurachninae                     XXIV.4. Subtribe Cenchrinae                      XXIV.5. Subtribe Melinidinae                     XXIV.6. Subtribe Panicinae IX. Subfamily Danthonioideae X. Subfamily Chloridoideae            XXV. Tribe Centropodieae                        Core C4 Chloridoideae, incertae sedis            XXVI. Tribe Triraphideae            XXVII. Tribe Eragrostideae                        Incertae sedis                        XXVII.1. Subtribe Cotteinae                        XXVII.2. Subtribe Eragrostidinae                        XXVII.3. Subtribe Uniolinae            XXVIII. Tribe Zoysieae            XXIX. Tribe Cynodonteae                        Incertae sedis                        XXIX.1. Subtribe Boutelouinae                        XXIX.2. Subtribe Orcuttiinae                        XXIX.3. Subtribe Gouiniinae                        XXIX.4. Subtribe Triodiinae                        XXIX.5. Subtribe Eleusininae                        XXIX.6. Subtribe Tripogoninae                        XXIX.7. Subtribe Pappophorinae XI. Subfamily Micrairoideae XII. Subfamily Arundinoideae 

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 18.5.2015
• Reihe/Serie: The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants
• Zusatzinfo: XV, 416 p. 96 illus.
• Verlagsort: Cham
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Botanik
• Themenwelt: Technik
• Schlagworte: classification keys • Gramineae • Grasses • monocotyledons • plant systematics • plant taxonomy • systematic botany
• ISBN-10: 3-319-15332-3 / 3319153323
• ISBN-13: 978-3-319-15332-2 / 9783319153322