Digital Computer Applications to Process Control (eBook)

Proceedings of the 7th IFAC/IFIP/IMACS Conference, Vienna, Austria, 17-20 September 1985

M. Paul (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2016 | 1. Auflage
616 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-1-4832-9813-9 (ISBN)

Infos

Considers the application of modern control engineering on digital computers with a view to improving productivity and product quality, easing supervision of industrial processes and reducing energy consumption and pollution. The topics covered may be divided into two main subject areas: (1) applications of digital control - in the chemical and oil industries, in water turbines, energy and power systems, robotics and manufacturing, cement, metallurgical processes, traffic control, heating and cooling; (2) systems theoretical aspects of digital control - adaptive systems, control aspects, multivariable systems, optimization and reliability, modelling and identification, real-time software and languages, distributed systems and data networks. Contains 84 papers.

Inhalt

Front Cover 1
Digital Computer Applications to Process Control 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 10
Chapter 1. Theory and Application of Adaptive Control 14
INTRODUCTION 14
BASIC STRUCTURES OF ADAPTIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS 14
DESIGN OF SELF-TUNING CONTROLLERS (STC) 16
DESIGN OF MODEL-REFERENCE ADAPTIVE CONTROLLERS (MRAC) 17
DEVELOPMENTS IN THEORY DURING 1980-1984 19
APPLICATIONS DURING 1980–1981 20
CONCLUSIONS 22
REFERENCES 22
Chapter 2. The Present Status of Industrial Application of Distributed Control Systems to Chemical Process Control in Japan 32
1. HISTORY AND FEATURE OF JAPANESE DCS 32
2. PRESENT STATUS OF USE OF DCS IN JAPANES CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES 36
3. DCS APPLICATION TO CONTINUOUS PROCESS 40
4. APPLICATION OF A DCS FOR BATCH PROCESS 41
5. CONCLUSION 43
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 43
PART I: SUEVEY PAPERS 44
Chapter 3. Control of Complex Industrial Processes – A Survey 44
TOMORROW.. .OR TODAY? 44
BEYOND INTEGRATION 47
Chapter 4. Control of Energy and Power Systems 48
INTRODUCTION 48
GENERAL CONSIDERATION OF THE CONTROL BEHAVIOUR OF POWER SYSTEMS 48
DETAILED CONSIDERATION OF THE DYNAMIC INTERACTION BETWEEN POWER PLANTS, TRANSMISSION NETWORT AND LOADS 51
ORIGIN OF POWER SYSTEM OSCILLATION AND POSSIBLE COUNTERMEASURES 53
MULTIVARIABLE UNIT CONTROL 56
STRUCTURE AND EXTENT OF POWER PLANT CONTROL EQUIPMENT 57
APPLICATION PROBLEMS WITH DIGITAL CONTROL SYSTEMS 58
RELIABILITY OF DIGITAL CONTROL SYSTEMS 60
CONCLUSION 61
LITERATURE 61
Chapter 5. Process Fault Diagnosis with Parameter Estimation Methods 64
1. INTRODUCTION 64
2. FAULT DIAGNOSIS BASED ON PROCESS PARAMETERS 65
3. FAULT DIAGNOSIS OF A D.C.MOTOR-CENTRIFUGAL PUMP 67
4. CONCLUSION 69
REFERENCES 69
Chapter 6. Industrial Applications of Internal Model Control 74
1 - NEW NEEDS AND MEANS 74
2 - THE INTERNAL MODEL CONTROL APPROACH 75
3 - STABILITY - CONTROLLABILITY 76
4 - SPECIFIC PROBLEMS OF INTERNAL MODEL CONTROL 76
5 - PRACTICAL PROBLEMS 77
6 - ECONOMICS 78
7 - FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS 78
CONCLUSION 79
REFERENCES 79
PART II: TUTORIAL PAPERS 82
Chapter 7. State Space Approach to Linear Computer Control 82
1. INTRODUCTION 82
2. SYSTEM STATE AND STATE EQUATIONS 82
3. STABILITY 85
4. GENERATION OF COMMAND VARIABLES 85
5. SYSTEM STATE VECTOR ESTIMATION 86
5. PRINCIPLES OF DETERMINISTIC SYNTHESIS 88
7. POLE ASSIGNMENT PROBLEM 88
8. FINITE NUMBER OF CONTROL STEPS FNCS (DEADBEAT RESPONSE) 89
9. FEEDFORWARD CONTROLLER 90
10. QUADRATIC COST FUNCTIONS 92
REFERENCES 94
Chapter 8. Digital Simulation Methods – A Tutorial 96
1. INTRODUCTION 96
2. MATHEMATICAL MODELLING 97
3. NUMERICAL METHODS IN SIMULATION 99
4. SIMULATION LANGUAGES 102
5. MAN-MACHINE-PROCESS INTERFACE 103
6. HARDWARE FACILITIES 103
7. APPLICATIONS 104
8. FUTURE OF SIMULATION IN PROCESS CONTROL 104
REFERENCES 105
Chapter 9. Basics, Fundamentals and Possibilities for Digital Control 108
INTRODUCTION 108
WHAT ARE THE OBJECTIVES? 109
WHAT DO YOU KNOW (OR NEED TO KNOW) ABOUT THE SYSTEM? 110
WHICH CONTROL STRATEGIES ARE AVAILABLE? 112
LOOSELY COUPLED DESIGN 112
METHODS BASED ON A DESIRED SYSTEM RESPONSE 112
OPTIMAL DESIGN METHODS 113
SIMPLE SELF-TUNING CONTROLLER 115
CONCLUSIONS 116
REFERENCES 116
PART III: APPLICATION ORIENTED PAPERS 118
Chapter 10. Multivariable Control of an Ammonia Plant: Modelling and Control Theory 118
1. CONTROL OBJECTIVES 118
2. OBSERVER MODEL 118
3. OPEN-LOOP MODELS 119
4. GAIN MATRIX DESIGN 119
5. APPLICATION 120
6. CONCLUSION 120
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 120
REFERENCES 120
Chapter 11. Direct Digital Modelling and Control of the HCN Plant 124
INTRODUCTION 124
REFERENCES 127
Chapter 12. Digital Control of Bilinear Continuous Processes. Application to a Chemical Pilot Plant 128
INTRODUCTION 128
DISCRETE MODEL OF A CONTINUOUS BILINEAR SYSTEM 128
DISCRETE LINEARIZING CONTROL 129
A DISCRETE OBSERVER FOR CONTINUOUS BILINEAR SYSTEMS 129
SIMULATION RESULTS 130
APPLICATION TO A CHEMICAL PILOT PLANT 131
CONCLUSION AND PROSPECTS 131
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 131
REFERENCES 132
APPENDIX 132
Chapter 13. Control of an Industrial Drum Filter by Using Adaptive Models 134
INTRODUCTION 134
DRUM FILTRATION 134
INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL 135
THE PROCESS MODELS 136
THE CONTROL MODELS 138
IDENTIFICATION OF DISTURBANCE MODELS 139
SELF-TUNING CONTROL BY ADAPTIVE MODELS 139
THE RESULTS ACHIEVED 140
DISCUSSION 140
CONCLUSIONS 141
REFERENCES 141
Chapter 14. Microcomputer Control of a Printing Ink Plant 144
INTRODUCTION 144
TECHNOLOGY AND CONTROL REQUIREMENTS 144
SOFTWARE SYSTEM 145
CONCLUSION 147
REFERENCES 147
Chapter 15. Optimization of a Plant for Separation of Natural Gas 150
INTRODUCTION 150
PROCESS DESCRIPTION AND MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF THE PLANT 151
THE OPTIMIZATION PROCEDURE 154
THE RESULTS 155
REFERENCES 156
Chapter 16. Comparison of Some Algorithms to Stabilize a Hydro Power Plant Control. A Case Study 160
INTRODUCTION 160
THE SIMULATION MODEL 160
RESULTS OF SIMULATION AND STABILITY ANALYSIS 161
COMPARISON OF CONTROL ALGORITHMS 162
CONCLUSIONS 163
REFERENCES 163
Chapter 17. An Algorithm Applicable for Digital Speed Control of Water Turbines 166
INTRODUCTION 166
THE PROCEDURE 167
EXAMPLE 169
CONCLUSION 170
REFERENCES 170
Chapter 18. Design of Advanced Digital Control Algorithms for Water Turbines 172
INTRODUCTION 172
MATHEMATICAL MODELS FOR WATER TURBINES 172
DIGITAL CONTROL ALGORITHM 173
INFLUENCE OF VARIABLE PLANT PARAMETERS 175
SUMMARY 175
REFERENCES 176
Chapter 19. Optimal Control Algorithm for Hydropower Plants Chain Short-term Operation 178
INTRODUCTION 178
SYSTEM CONSTRAINTS 179
OBJECTIVE FUNCTION 181
SOLUTION METHODOLOGY 181
APPLICATION TO THE EGYPTIAN HYDROPOWER SYSTEM 182
CONCLUDING REMARKS 182
REFERENCES 182
Chapter 20. On-line Computer Control of a Continuous Latex Reactor Train 186
INTRODUCTION 186
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM AND PROPOSED STRATEGY FOR ITS SOLUTION 186
CONVENTIONAL REACTOR TRAINS 186
A GENERAL APPROACH TO REACTOR DESIGN AND CONTROL 187
CONCLUSIONS 188
REFERENCES 188
Chapter 21. Computer Network for the Supervisory Control of the Natural Gas Pipeline System of Hungary 194
INTRODUCTION 194
SHORT DESCRIPTION OF THE TECHNOLOGY 194
FUNCTIONS OF THE CONTROL SYSTEM 195
SOFTWARE STRUCTURE 195
OPERATOR COMMUNICATION 196
INSTALLATION 196
Chapter 22. Improved Sliding Mode Method Applied to Digital Decoupled Water-Level Control for Two Tanks Connected with Pipes 200
INTRODUCTION 200
DESCRIPTION OF METHODOLOGY 201
DESCRIPTION OF CONTROL SYSTEM 202
EXPERIMENTAL RESULT 202
CONCLUSIONS 203
REFERENCES 203
Chapter 23. An Application of Multivariable Self-Tuning Control 208
INTRODUCTION 208
SYSTEM MODEL 208
SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION 209
CHARACTERISTICS OF PARAMETER ADAPTABILITY 210
SYSTEM CONTROL 210
THE ALGORITHM: DISCUSSION AND RESULTS 211
CONCLUSIONS 212
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 212
REFERENCES 212
APPENDIX 1 212
APPENDIX 2 213
MIMO DERIVATION OF THE FORGETTING FACTOR 213
Chapter 24. Multivariable Self-tuning Control of a Binary Distillation Column 220
INTRODUCTION 220
THEORY 220
EQUIPMENT 223
ALGORITHM IMPLEMENTATION 223
RESULTS 224
CONCLUSION 225
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 225
REFERENCES 225
NOTATION 226
Chapter 25. Various Design aspects of Microcomputer Applications in Power Engineering 230
PROBLEMS OF THE USE OF MICRO COMPUTERS IN POWER ENGINEERING 230
EFFECTS ON DESIGN AND LAYOUT OF MICROCOMPUTER SYSTEMS 230
SUMMARY OF REALIZED APPLICATIONS 232
CONCLUSION 233
Chapter 26. A Large-scale Hierarchical Digital Control System Application to a Gas/System Combined Cycle Power Plant 234
INTRODUCTION 234
DESIGN PHILOSOPHY 235
CONTROL SYSTEM OF GAS/STEAM COMBINED PLANT 236
OVERALL COMBINATION TEST 240
CONCLUSION 240
REFERENCES 240
Chapter 27. Regulation of a Steam-Generator in an Adaptive Multivariable Way 242
I. INTRODUCTION 242
II. THE PROCESS AND ITS MODELIZATION 242
III. THE CONTROL-LAW 243
IV. THE PROCESS-CONTROL SYSTEM 244
V. ADAPTIVE CONTROLLER IMPLEMENTATION 245
VI. CONCLUSION : COMMENTS AND PROPOSITION FOR PROCESS-CONTROL SYSTEMS 246
REFERENCES 246
Chapter 28. Steam Superheater Control via Self-tuning Regulator 248
INTRODUCTION 248
SELF-TUNING REGULATOR WITH MULTISTEP CRITERION 248
CONTROL LOOP OF STEAM TEMPERATURE 250
ADAPTIVE CONTROL OF STEAM TEMPERATURE BEHIND SUPERHEATOR PII 250
ADAPTIVE CONTROL OF STEAM TEMPERATURE ON THE LAST TWO SUPERHEATORS 251
CONCLUSIONS 252
REFERENCES 252
Chapter 29. Microcomputer Control of Active Power in Industry 256
INTRODUCTION 256
CONSUMERS OPERATIONAL DATA 256
ALGORITHM FOR CONSUMERS RATIONAL SWITCHING-OFF 257
REALIZATION BY USING MICROCOMPUTER 257
CONCLUSION 258
REFERENCES 258
Chapter 30. Machine Independent Software Wiring and Programming of Distributed Digital Control Systems 260
INTRODUCTION 260
CONTROL SYSTEM INDEPENDENT SOFTWARE WIRING AND PROGRAMMING METHODS 262
SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION 262
HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION 264
TESTING 266
SUMMARY AND PROSPECTS 266
REFERENCES 267
Chapter 31. Multi-micro Controller for Power Converters 268
INTRODUCTION 268
ARCHITECTURE 269
FIRING CONTROLLER 269
CURRENT REGULATOR 271
DIAGNOSTIC AND PROTECTIONS 272
CONCLUSIONS 273
REFERENCES 273
Chapter 32. Application of a Self-tuning Regulator to a Solar Power Plant 274
INTRODUCTION 274
A DESCRIPTION OF THE PLANT 274
THE CONTROL ALGORITHM 275
RESULTS 278
CONCLUSIONS 280
REFERENCIAS 280
Chapter 33. Rule Based Supervising of Power Plants by Colour Display Monitors 282
Introduction 282
Realized Graphic Information Display and interaction System 283
Information organization 284
Information acqess 286
Test results 287
Application example 287
Architectural and operational structure of the rule based system 288
Realization of the application example tc 'filter cleaning' 292
Further application possibilities 292
REFERENCES 292
Chapter 34. Microprocessor-based Decoupled Control of Manipulator using Modified Model Following Method with Sliding Mode 294
INTRODUCTION 294
DESCRIPTION OF METHODOLOGY 295
DESCRIPTION OF CONTROL SYSTEM 296
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 297
CONCLUSION 297
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 297
REFERENCES 297
Chapter 35. Comparison of Digital Control Algorithms for Industrial Robots 300
INTRODUCTION 300
MODEL OF THE ROBOT 300
DIGITAL CONTROL ALGORITHMS 301
SIMULATION AND SIMULATION RESULTS 301
SUMMARY 302
REFERENCES 302
Chapter 36. Infrared Sensors for the Control and Quality Check of the Welding Process of an Adaptive Robotic System 304
INTRODUCTION 304
THE SUBSTANCE OF THE THREEDIMENSIONAL CONTROL OF THE ROBOT ACTUATOR BY THE DUPLEX PROXIMITY SENSOR 305
THE UTILIZATION OF THE INFRARED SENSORS IN THE CONTROL SYSTEM OF THE ROBOT 307
REFERENCES 310
Chapter 37. Model Reference Control of a Cement Mill 312
Introduction 312
Real-time raw mill control 312
Model reference control 313
Adaptative model reference control 313
Closed-loop control 314
Results 314
REFERENCES 316
Chapter 38. On-line Computer Control of Transportation Systems 318
INTRODUCTION 318
MICROPROCESSOR CONTROLLER 318
COMPUTATION OF SHORTEST ROUTES IN A NETWORK 320
PREDICTION OF TRAFFIC FLOW 320
ANALYSIS OF DETECTED CONFLICTS 321
SOLVING OF THE CONFLICT SITUATION 321
TRANSLATION OF THE COMPUTED ROUTES INTO ELEMENTARY COMMANDS 321
CONCLUSIONS 321
REFERENCES 321
Chapter 39. Multi-microprocessor Simulation of a Cutter Suction Dredging Ship 322
INTRODUCTION 322
THE SIMULATOR 323
COMPUTER IMPLEMENTATION 323
MULTI-MICROPROCESSOR SYSTEM 324
INTERACTIVE USER INTERFACE 325
CONCLUSIONS 327
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 327
REFERENCES 327
Chapter 40. Multi-stage Static Model of Ld-Steel Converter for High P-Content 328
INTRODUCTION 328
PROCESS DESCRIPTION 328
DEVELOPEMENT OF THE MODEL 330
THE USE OF THE MODEL IN INTERACTIVE SCHEME 334
CONCLUSIONS 334
REFERENCES 334
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 334
Chapter 41. Discrete Parameter Adaptive Control of a Steel Mill Soaking Pit 336
INTRODUCTION 336
INGOT-PIT SYSTEM MODEL 336
DEVELOPMENT OF OPTIMAL HEATING PATTERNS 336
SELF-TUNING MINIMUM VARIANCE CONTROL 337
COMPUTER SIMULATION RESULTS 338
CONCLUSIONS 338
REFERENCES 338
Chapter 42. Model Development and Computer Control Strategies for Reheating Furnaces 342
INTRODUCTION 342
PROBLEM STATEMENT 342
MODEL DEVELOPMENT 343
VERIFICATION OF THE MODEL FROM INDUSTRIAL EXPERIMENTAL DATA 344
COMPUTER SIMULATIONS 344
MODEL BASED HEURISTIC OPTIMIZATION APPROACH 344
CONCLUSIONS 344
Reference 344
Chapter 43. Design of the Dynamics of Heat Exchanger 348
INTRODUCTION 348
A SHORT SURVEY OF STATE OF THE ART IN MODELLING OF HEAT EXCHANGERS 348
NONLINEAR MODEL OF THE DYNAMICS OF FLOW AND HEAT PROCESSES IN THE ELEMENTARY VOLUME 349
NONLINEAR MODEL OF THE DYNAMICS OF FLOW AND HEAT PROCESSES BASED ON THE TOTAL FLUID VOLUME 350
NONLINEAR FEEDBACK OF CONTROL MODEL AND EXTERNAL LINEARIZATION 351
NONLINEAR MODEL OF PRIMAR- -TO-SECONDAR CROSS-FLOW HEAT EXCHANGER 352
AN EXAMPLE: THE DYNAMICS OF WATER-TO-AIR CROSS-FLOW HEAT EXCHANGER 352
CONCLUSION 352
REFERENCES 353
NOMENCLATURE 354
Chapter 44. Digital Control of a Refrigerant Evaporator 356
INTRODUCTION 356
ANALYSIS OF THE EVAPORATION PLANT 356
CONTROLLER DESIGN 357
RESULTS UNDER VARIOUS CONDITIONS 358
ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS 358
CONCLUSIONS 358
REFERENCES 358
PART IV: PAPERS OF GENERAL ASPECTS 362
Chapter 45. Heuristic Adaptive Process Computer Control 362
INTRODUCTION 362
2. PROCESS OF INPUT-OUTPUT ORTHOGONALIZATION 363
3. MAXIMUM STABILITY MARGIN OF CONTROLLER PARAMETERS 364
4. APPLICATION OF THE DEGREE OF THE PROCESS OSCILLATORY BEHAVIOUR 365
5. CONCLUSION 367
REFERENCES 367
Chapter 46. Identification and Adaptive Control for Concrete Mixing Process 368
INTRODUCTION 368
PROCESS AND IDENTIFICATION 369
FINAL VALUE PREDICTION 369
CONTNOL ALGORITHM 370
IMPLEMENTATION 371
Conclusions 371
REFERENCE 371
Chapter 47. A Comparison of Several Multivariable Parameter Adaptive Controllers 374
INTRODUCTION 374
MULTIVARIABLE DISCRETE-TIME PLANT 374
CONTROLLER DESIGNS 375
SIMULATION RESULTS 377
CONCLUSIONS 377
REFERENCES 377
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 378
Chapter 48. Direct Adaptive Control for Multivariable Systems. A Robustness Result 382
INTRODUCTION 382
PROBLEM FORMULATION AND ROBUSTNESS THEOREM 382
CONCLUDING REMARKS 386
REFERENCES 386
APPENDIX 386
Chapter 49. Investigation of an Adaptive Smith Controller by Simulation 388
INTRODUCTION 388
THE SMITH PREDICTOR 388
SIMULATION RESULTS 390
CONCLUSION 391
REFERENCES 391
Chapter 50. A Comparison of Several Single Variable Parameter Adaptive Controllers 394
INTRODUCTION 394
DISCRETE-TIME PLANT 394
CONTROLLER DESIGNS 394
SIMULATION RESULTS 397
CONCLUSION 400
REFERENCES 400
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 401
Chapter 51. Adaptive Tracking Algorithms and their Implementation on a Signal Processor 402
1. INTRODUCTION 402
2. OVERALL DESCRIPTION OF THE CONTROL STRUCTURE AND OF ITS ADVANTAGES 402
3. CONTROL LAW 402
4. SETTING UP OF THE ADAPTIVE CONTROL SCHEME 403
5. SIMULATION RESULTS 404
6. CONCLUSION 404
REFERENCES 404
Chapter 52. An On-line Comparison of Two Multivariable Self-tuning Controllers 406
INTRODUCTION 406
MULTIVARIABLE SYSTEM REPRESENTATION 406
MULTIVARIABLE SELF-TUNING CONTROL 407
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION 408
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 409
COMMENTS ON CONTRCLLER IMPLEMENTATION 410
CONCLUSION 411
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 411
REFERENCES 411
Chapter 53. A Program Structure Based on Exception Handling for Variable Structure Control Systems 414
INTRODUCTION 414
EXCEPTION HANDLING IN REAL TIME PROGRAMS 414
PROGRAM STRUCTURE BASED ON EXCEPTION HANDLING 416
VARIABLE STRUCTURE CONTROL SYSTEMS 416
CONCLUSIONS 418
REFERENCES 418
APPENDIX 419
Chapter 54. A Self-tuning Feedforward Controller for Mimo Discrete Time Systems 420
INTRODUCTION 420
DERIVATION OF CONTROLLER STRUCTORE 421
SELF-TUNING FEEDFORWARD CONTROLLER 422
SIMULATION RESULTS 423
CONCLUSIONS 423
REFERENCES 424
APPENDIX 424
Chapter 55. Adaptive Extremum Control by the Parametric Volterra Model 426
INTRODUCTION 426
THE PARAMETRIC VOLTERRA HODEL 426
ON-LINE, RECURSIVE IDENTIFICATION 427
EXTREMUM CONTROL 428
CONTROL STRATEGY 428
SIMULATIONS RESULTS 428
CONCLUSION 431
REFERENCES 431
Chapter 56. A Max-min Algorithm for an On-line DDC System 432
INTRODUCTION 432
THE QUADRATIC INDEX AND THE PROPERTIES OF WEIGHT MATRIX 432
PROBLEM FORMULATION 433
PROBLEM SOLUTION 433
AN EQUATION FOR THE OPTIMAL VALUE OF Q 433
ALGORITHMIC CONVERSION CURVE AND ORIGINATING POINT OF DECELERATION 434
DDC ON-LINE, REAL-TIME ALGORITHMS 435
CONCLUSION 435
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 435
REFERENCES 435
Chapter 57. A New Algorithm for State Estimator of Queue in Urban Traffic Computer Control System 438
INTRODUCTION 438
QUEUE MODEL AND MINIMUM SQUARE ERROR ESTIMATION 438
IMPROVED QUEUING MODEL AND STATE ESTIMATOR 440
PROCEDURE OF THE ALGORITHM 442
TEST RESULTS AND COMMENTS 442
CONCLUSION 442
REFERENCES 442
Chapter 58. Industrial Requirements for Performance Indices of Interactive Controller Design Packages 444
1. INTRODUCTION 444
2. INTERACTIVE HANDLING OF IVEPO 445
3. DISCUSSION OF APPROPRIATE PERFORMANCE INDICES 446
4. APPLICATION EXAMPLE 447
SUMMARY 447
REFERENCES 447
Chapter 59. Suboptimal Decentralized Load Frequency Control Under Nbn-Linearity and Structural Purturbation 450
INTRODUCTION 450
LOAD FREQUENCY CONTROL OBJECTIVES 450
CONTROLLER DESIGN USING OVERLAPPING TECHNIQUE UNDER STRUCTURAL PURTURBATION 450
APPLICATION TO LOAD FREQUENCY CONTROL 451
SIMULATION 452
CONCULUSION 452
REFERENCES 453
Chapter 60. The Development of the Software for a Microprocessor-based Multivariable Controller 456
INTRODUCTION 456
FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS OF THE SOFTWARE 457
THE REAL-TIME EXECUTIVE 457
DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOFTWARE 457
TESTING OF THE SOFTWARE 458
CONCLUSIONS 459
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 459
REFERENCES 459
Chapter 61. A Direct Adaptive Controller for Non-minimum Phase Multivariable Systems with Arbitrary Time Delays 462
INTRODUCTION 462
PARAMETRIZATION OF THE PLANT AND DESIGN OBJECTIVE 462
THE CONTROL LAW 463
MAIN PROPERTIES OF THE ADAPTIVE CONTROLLER 464
NECESSARY A PRIORI KNOWLEDGE 465
BOUNDED CONTROL INPUTS (ANTI-WIND-UP) 465
IMPLEMENTATION 465
SIMULATION RESULTS 466
CONCLUSION 466
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 467
REFERENCES 467
Chapter 62. An Algorithm for the Design of Pseudodecoupling Digital Controllers 468
I. INTRODUCTION 468
II. PSEUDODECOUPLING METHOD 469
III. A NEW ALGORITHM TO CALCULATE Mj AND Sj 470
IV. EXAMPLE 471
V. CONCLUSIONS 472
REFERENCES 472
Chapter 63. Computer-aided Design of Multivariable Stochastic Control Systems with A-Priori Prescribed Dynamical Properties 474
INTRODUCTION 474
THE STRUCTURE OF THE CONTROL SYSTEM 475
SOLUTION OF THE CONTROL PROBLEM 477
AN EXAMPLE 478
CONCLUDING REMARKS 480
REFERENCES 480
Chapter 64. Complete System and Signal Identification of Mimo Closed Loop Systems in the Frequency Domain 482
INTRODUCTION 482
NOTATIONS AND ASSUMPTIONS 482
DERIVATION OF THE COMPLETE SOLUTION FOR THE CORRELATION METHOD 483
SOLUTIONS FOR THE OTHER THREE METHODS 484
IDENTIFICATION PACKAGE IMSCLF 484
CONCLUSIONS 486
LITERATURE 486
Chapter 65. Optimal Control of Multi-time-scale Systems Through a Multi-model Representation 488
INTRODUCTION 488
SOME WELL-KNOWN RESULTS ON SINGULAR PERTURBATION METHOD 488
SINGULAR PERTURBATIONS AND RECIPROCAL TRANSFORMATION 489
APPLICATION TO DECENTRALIZED CONTROL 491
IMPLEMENTATION ON AN EXAMPLE 492
CONCLUSION 493
REFERENCES 493
Chapter 66. Optimization of a Chemical Plant: The Reasonableness of Stating the Problem and the Specifics of its Solution 494
1. INTRODUCTION 494
2. PROBLEM STATEMENT 494
3. STAGES OF SYSTEM DESIGN 495
4. EXPRESS-METHOD FOR ESTIMATING THE REASONABLENESS OF THE DESIGN 496
5. DEFINITION OP THE INITIAL SET OF LINEARIZED INSTALLATION MODELS 497
6. ESTIMATION OF PERMISSIBLE ERRORS IN MODELLING THE INSTALLATIONS 497
7. SELECTION OF THE INSTALLATION MODEL STRUCTURES 498
8. IDENTIFICATION OF PARAMETERS (COEFFICIENTS) OF THE INSTALLATION MODELS 499
CONCLUSION 500
REFERENCES 500
Chapter 67. Process-control Task Scheduling: A Deterministic Approach with Shared Resources 502
INTRODUCTION 502
A MODEL OF TASK EXECUTION SYSTEM 503
MORE ASSUMPTIONS 503
RESOURCE SHARING MODEL 504
GAIN INDICES: THE HIGH-LEVEL GOAL ATTAINMENT MEASURES 505
SCHEDULING OPTIMIZATION 506
CONCLUSION 507
REFERENCES 507
Chapter 68. Identification and Adaptive Control of Wiener Type Nonlinear Processes 508
INTRODUCTION 508
WlENER MODEL 508
IDENTIFICATION 509
ADAPTIVE CONTROL 511
CONCLUSIONS 513
REFERENCES 513
Chapter 69. Parameter Weighted Least Squares Fitting 516
I. INTRODUCTION 516
II. USING ESTIMATED PARAMETERS FOR CONTROL DESIGN 516
III. REVIEW OF THE CLASSICAL LEAST SQUARES FITTING 517
IV. PWLS FITTING ALGORITHM 517
V. IDENTIFICATION OF A SECOND ORDER SYSTEM 519
CONCLUSIONS 519
REFERENCES 519
Chapter 70. Application of Parameter Estimation Methods to Time Variant Systems 522
INTRODUCTION 522
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM 523
RECURSIVE IDENTIFICATION ALGORITHMS 523
RECURSIVE IDENTIFICATION BY ASTROEM AND MAYNE 524
DETECTION OF PARAMETER VARIATION 524
REACTION ON A PARAMETER VARIATION 525
CONCLUSIONS 526
REFERENCES 526
Chapter 71. Task Oriented Identification of the Process Model 528
INTRODUCTION 528
FORMULATION OF THE PROBLEM 529
EXAMPLES OF APPLICATIONS 530
NUMERICAL EXAMPLE 533
CONCLUSIONS 533
APPENDIX 534
REFERENCES 534
Chapter 72. Discrete Event Dynamic System Analysis Using Nonhomogeneous Elements Representation 536
INTRODUCTION 536
FUNDAMENTAL NOTIONS 536
ALGEBRAIC STRUCTURES 537
THE DEDS ANALYSIS 539
"MAN-MACHINE" SYSTEMS 540
CONCLUSION 541
REFERENCES 541
Chapter 73. Parallel Processing for Simulation of Dynamical Systems 542
INTRODUCTION 542
PARALLEL PROCESSING SCHEME 543
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 547
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 547
REFERENCES 547
Chapter 74. Multi-stratum Recursive Linearization Prediction Method and its Application in the Oil Field 548
INTRODUCTION 548
THE MULTI-STRATUM LINEAR MODEL DESCRIPTION OF NON-LINEAR PHENOMANA 548
APPLICATION IN OIL FIELD 551
APPENDIX 551
REFERENCES 553
Chapter 75. How to Develop Reliable Microprocessor Software Systems for Process Control 554
1 Introduction 554
2 The software, the central problem 554
3 Universal development systems, the necessary aids 555
4 The realisation of the requirements in the CAMIC/S system 555
5 Experience with CAMIC/S in industrial use 558
APPLICATION 558
Summary 559
Chapter 76. A Design Method for Sampled-data Decoupled Control Systems with Multirate Sampling Periods 560
1. INTRODUCTION 560
2. PARTIAL MODEL MATCHING METHOD AND A REFERENCE MODEL 560
3. MULTIRATE SAMPLED-DATA I-PD CONTROL 561
4. SIMULATION TESTS 562
5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 563
6. CONCLUSION 563
REFERENCES 563
Chapter 77. A Flexible Real Time Concept for Various Control Requirements 568
INTRODUCTION 568
THE PACKAGE CONCEPTION 568
THE GENERAL MOPS REPRESENTATION 570
SPECIAL FEATURES 571
THE INTERFACE ROUTINE 572
A MOPS OPERATION EXAMPLE 572
CONCLUSIONS 573
REFERENCES 573
Chapter 78. A Real-time Software System for Modula-2 Programs 574
INTRODUCTION 574
TASK HANDLING 574
TIMING 575
INPUT-OUTPUT MODULES 575
APPLICATION 575
PROGRAM STRUCTURE 576
CONCLUSIONS 577
REFERENCES 577
APPENDIX B. PARTIAL LISTING OF APPLICATION PROGRAM 579
Chapter 79. A Workstation Concept for Computer Aided Analysis and Design of Control Systems 580
INTRODUCTION 580
KEDDC IN BRIEF 580
CONCURRENT USER ENVIRONMENT 581
INTERACTIVE OPERATION 581
GRAPHICS 582
SCREEN LAYOUT 582
CONCLUSIONS 582
REFERENCES 583
Chapter 80. A Communications Model for the CTD Interconnection Strategy 584
INTRODUCTION 584
PROCESSING ELEMENT MODEL 584
COMPUTATIONAL MODEL 585
CONCLUSIONS 586
REFERENCES 586
Chapter 81. Distributed On-line Digitized Control Architectures for Process Control 590
1. INTRODUCTION 590
2. DISTRIBUTED TASKS IN PROCESS CONTROL 590
3. ISO STANDARD PROPOSALS AND PROCESS CONTROL 591
4. IEEE-802 PROPOSALS AND PROCESS CONTROL 592
5. ENHANCEMENTS TO TRANSMISSION PROTOCOLS AT LEVEL 1 AND 2 FOR HARD REAL-TIME ENVIRONMENTS 592
6. HARD REAL-TIME DISTRIBUTED OPERATING SYSTEMS SERVICES 593
REFERENCES 594
Chapter 82. Decentralized Microprocessor Process-control System 596
INTRODUCTION 596
2. SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE 596
3.SMALL LOCAL AREA NETWORK OF THE SYSTEM 597
4. DISTRIBUTED REAL-TIME OPERATING SYSTEM 598
5. SYSTEM APPLIED SOFTWARE 599
6. COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN OF SYSTEM APPLIED SOFTWARE 599
CONCLUSION 600
REFERENCES 600
Chapter 83. Computer Systems Communication in a Steel Works with a Standardized Network 602
INTRODUCTION 602
COMPUTER SYSTEM IN STEEL WORKS 602
NETWORK SYSTEM 602
S-NET 602
APPLICATION OF S-NET 603
FUTURE DEVELOPMENT 604
CONCLUSION 604
REFERENCES 604
Chapter 84. The Automatic Task Solution in an Information-control Complex of a Distributed System 610
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS 610
FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITY OF THE ICC OF A DISTRIBUTED SYSTEM 611
ILLUSTRATION OF ATSS SIMULATION 613
CONCLUSION 616
REFERENCES 617
Author Index 618
Subject Index 620

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 4.11.2016
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Chemie ► Technische Chemie
• Themenwelt: Technik
• ISBN-10: 1-4832-9813-2 / 1483298132
• ISBN-13: 978-1-4832-9813-9 / 9781483298139