Biomechanics and Related Bio-Engineering Topics (eBook)

Proceedings of a Symposium Held in Glasgow, September 1964

R. M. Kenedi (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2014 | 1. Auflage
512 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-1-4831-9449-3 (ISBN)

Infos

Biomechanics and Related Bio-Engineering Topics

Inhalt

Front Cover 1
Biomechanics and Related Bio-Engineering Topics 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 8
PREFACE 6
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS 12
AUTHORS AND CONTRIBUTORS NOT PRESENTAT THE SYMPOSIUM 18
MEDICAL ENGINEERING EXHIBITORS 19
INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH 
20 
GROWTH OF SPECIALIZED KNOWLEDGE 20
CRITERION OF SUCCESS 22
PERSONAL EXPERIENCE 23
CONFERENCES 25
SESSION A: CLINICAL AND LABORATORY INSTRUMENTATION AND TECHNIQUES 26
CHAPTER 
28 
THE NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL SCENE 28
CENTRAL DIALYZER SYSTEM FOR TREATMENT OF KIDNEY FAILURE 31
APPARATUS FOR EXPERIMENTAL HEAD INJURY RESEARCH 33
AUTOMATED MICROTOME 35
REFERENCES 37
CHAPTER 
40 
BASIC ELEMENTS IN ENGINEERING DESIGN 40
LOCATION OF COMPONENTS 44
CLAMPING OF COMPONENTS 46
TOOL GUIDANCE 46
APPLYING THE PRINCIPLES 47
ERGONOMIC, ECONOMIC AND INDUSTRIAL 
49 
PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS 50
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 59
REFERENCES 59
CHAPTER 3. THE DETERMINATION OF OPTIMUM 
60 
INTRODUCTION 60
A BASIS FOR INVESTIGATION 60
METHOD OF INVESTIGATION 61
PRELIMINARY RESULTS 64
CHAPTER 
66 
ENERGY SOURCE 69
RESISTANCES 69
ADVENTITIOUS FACTORS WHICH MAY INFLUENCE RESULTS 73
ANGLES OF INCIDENCE AND REFLECTION 73
DISPLAY OF INFORMATION 75
HAZARDS AND INCONVENIENCES TO THE PATIENT 78
LIMITATIONS OF THE PRESENT TECHNIQUE 78
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 79
REFERENCES 79
CHAPTER 
82 
INTRODUCTION 82
COMPARISON OF PULSE ECHO AND IMAGE CONVERTER 
82 
TYPES OF ELECTRONIC IMAGE CONVERSION SYSTEMS 84
DETAILS OF IMAGE CONVERTER SYSTEM USED FOR THESE 
86 
OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A PRACTICAL ULTRASOUND IMAGE SYSTEM 88
APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRONIC ULTRASOUND IMAGE CONVERTERS 92
NEED FOR FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS 95
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 95
REFERENCES 95
CHAPTER 
98 
INTRODUCTION 98
TELEMETRY OUTSIDE THE BODY 99
APPLICATIONS OF TELEMETRY FROM INSIDE THE BODY 100
CHOICE OF MODULATION 100
CHOICE OF FREQUENCY 102
POWER SOURCES 104
TELECONTROL BY MAGNETIC FIELDS 106
TRANSDUCERS 106
RELIABILITY 107
MATERIALS FOR IMPLANTED EQUIPMENT 109
POSSIBILITIES OF FURTHER MINIATURIZATION 109
CONCLUSIONS 110
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 111
REFERENCES 111
CHAPTER 
113 
REFERENCES 115
SESSION B: THE BROAD ASPECTS OF INTERDISCIPLINARY COLLABORATION—SPECIALIZED CLINICAL AND LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS 116
CHAPTER 
118 
MECHANICAL STRESS AND THE MODELLING OF BONE 118
MECHANICAL STRESS AND THE REPAIR OF BONE 119
IMMOBILIZATION IN ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY 126
SUMMARY 129
REFERENCES 129
CHAPTER 
130 
THE PRESSURE ENDORADIOSONDE 130
pH SENSITIVE ENDORADIOSONDE 135
STUDIES ON GASTRO-INTESTINAL MOTILITY AFTER VAGOTOMY USING THE PRESSURE-SENSITIVE ENDORADIOSONDE 140
REFERENCES 145
CHAPTER 
148 
NORMAL TENSIONS IN SKIN 149
THE EFFECT OF INCREASED TENSION ON THE SKIN 150
THE EFFECT OF TENSION ON THE COLLAGEN 
151 
REFERENCES 153
CHAPTER 11. THE RESPONSE OF THE HUMAN BODY 
154 
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 158
CHAPTER 
159 
SESSION C: STRUCTURAL, MECHANICAL AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TISSUE, CLINICAL AND LABORATORY STUDIES 
164 
CHAPTER 
166 
TESTS ON DETACHED SPECIMENS 166
TESTS IN SITU ON LIVE SKIN 171
SUMMARY 176
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 177
REFERENCES 177
CHAPTER 
178 
INTRODUCTION 178
MATERIALS AND METHODS 178
RESULTS 180
SUMMARY 182
REFERENCES 183
CHAPTER 
184 
METHODS 185
RESULTS 187
SUMMARY 193
REFERENCES 194
CHAPTER 
196 
REFERENCES 198
CHAPTER 
200 
NORMAL MARROW PRESSURE AND BLOOD-FLOW IN BONE 200
THE EFFECTS OF OCCLUSION OF BLOOD VESSELS 201
THE CONTROL OF MARROW PRESSURE AND BLOOD-FLOW 203
CONCLUSIONS 205
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 205
REFERENCES 205
CHAPTER 
206 
INTRODUCTION 206
MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ARTICULAR 
208 
ANALOGY OF CONSOLIDATION 208
CONSOLIDATION OF CARTILAGE UNDER STATIC LOADING 211
ANALOGY FOR PROCESS OF ENERGY ABSORPTION 
214 
ACTION OF CARTILAGE UNDER DYNAMIC LOADING 217
CONCLUSIONS 219
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 221
REFERENCES 221
CHAPTER 
224 
INTRODUCTION 224
BIOLOGICAL AND MECHANICAL FACTORS IN PROSTHETIC 
224 
SELECTION OF PATIENTS 228
THE STABILIZATION OR FIXATION OF THE IMPLANT 231
COMPARISON OF LATERAL PLATE AND INTRAMEDULLARY PIN AND CEMENT FIXATION 241
REPLACEMENT OF WEIGHT-BEARING JOINTS 244
THE HUMAN GAIT 244
THE HUMAN HIP JOINT 245
EXPERIMENTAL WORK USING THE PIN AND DISC MACHINE 247
THE ARTIFICIAL HUMAN JOINT TEST RIG 256
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 258
REFERENCES 258
CHAPTER 
260 
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS 260
LABORATORY TESTS 260
CHAPTER 
262 
SESSION D: STRUCTURAL, MECHANICAL AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TISSUE, CLINICAL AND LABORATORY 
266 
CHAPTER 
268 
INTRODUCTION 268
THE CIRCULATORY SYSTE"M 268
MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES 271
COMPARISONS BETWEEN THEORY AND EXPERIMENT 280
CONCLUSION 282
REFERENCES 283
CHAPTER 
284 
INTRODUCTION 284
THE SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION DISCUSSED AS A MECHANICAL 
284 
PHYSICAL PHENOMENA RELATED TO CIRCULATION 
285 
THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF VASCULAR TISSUE 286
THE VENOUS FLOW SYSTEM 288
THE CALF–MUSCLE PUMP 289
VENOUS VALVES OF THE LOWER LIMB 296
CONCLUSION 303
REFERENCES 303
CHAPTER 
304 
INTRODUCTION 304
DISTORTION OF CARTILAGE GRAFTS 304
EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUE: BASIC MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF COSTAL CARTILAGE 306
EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUE: SELF LOCKED STRESS 
310 
ANALYSIS OF THE EXPERIMENTALLY DETERMINED SELF 
312 
CONCLUSION 315
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 315
APPENDIX I. 315
APPENDIX II. 318
REFERENCES 319
CHAPTER 
320 
INTRODUCTION 320
THE STATISTICAL (OR KINETIC) THEORY OF RUBBERLIKE 
321 
THE PHENOMENOLOGICAL THEORY OF FINITE-STRAIN ELASTICITY FOR ISOTROPIC MATERIALS 325
FLOW PROPERTIES OF CONCENTRATED SOLUTIONS 
333 
REFERENCES 338
CHAPTER 
339 
SESSION E: COLLABORATIVE MEDICAL-ENGINEERING STUDIES OF SOME OF THE MAJOR CLINICAL PROBLEMS OF THE PRESENT DAY 342
CHAPTER 
344 
FRACTURE LEVEL 344
AGE 346
SEX 346
OSTEOPOROSIS 347
AVASCULAR NECROSIS 349
TREATMENT 350
FORCES AND DEFORMITY 350
FIXING METHODS 351
COMMENTS 351
DISCUSSION 356
REFERENCES 358
CHAPTER 
360 
Part (I) General Considerations 360
CHAPTER 29. FORCES IN THE HIP-JOINT 370
Part (II) Intravital Measurements 370
THE MEASURING PROSTHESIS 370
FRICTION IN THE HIP-JOINT 373
RESULTS 373
CHAPTER 30. BIO-ENGINEERING STUDIES OF THE FORCES TRANSMlTIED BY JOINTS 378
(I) The Phasic Relationship of the Hip Muscles in Walking 378
FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY 378
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE 380
RESULTS 380
DISCUSSION 386
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 386
CHAPTER 
388 
(II) Engineering Analysis 388
ANALYTICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS 389
PRELlMINARY RESULTS 396
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 398
REFERENCES 399
CHAPTER 
400 
PRESENT INVESTIGATION 403
DISCUSSION 413
CONCLUSIONS 415
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 415
REFERENCES 415
CHAPTER 
416 
REFERENCES 428
SESSION F: ASPECTS OF HUMAN LOCOMOTION, ARTIFICIAL LIMBS 430
CHAPTER 
432 
SOME GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 432
BIOMECHANICS OF GAIT 436
CONCLUSION 449
REFERENCES 449
CHAPTER 
452 
THE GAIT CYCLE 452
THE 
454 
THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE SWING PHASE 455
NORMALITY 459
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 459
REFERENCES 459
CHAPTER 
462 
POWERED MOVEMENTS REQUIRED 463
CHARACTERISTICS OF CONTROL SYSTEMS 465
PERFORMANCE OF CONTROL SYSTEMS 469
REFERENCES 472
CHAPTER 
473 
SESSION G: ANALOGUES, OPEN TOPIC CONTRIBUTIONS 476
CHAPTER 
478 
REFERENCES 485
CHAPTER 
486 
REFERENCES 492
CHAPTER 
493 
CHAPTER 
498 
INDEX 504

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 5.6.2014
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Literatur ► Romane / Erzählungen
• Themenwelt: Sachbuch/Ratgeber ► Gesundheit / Leben / Psychologie
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Physiotherapie / Ergotherapie ► Orthopädie
• Themenwelt: Studium ► 1. Studienabschnitt (Vorklinik) ► Physiologie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie
• Themenwelt: Sozialwissenschaften ► Politik / Verwaltung
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Bauwesen
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Medizintechnik
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Umwelttechnik / Biotechnologie
• ISBN-10: 1-4831-9449-3 / 1483194493
• ISBN-13: 978-1-4831-9449-3 / 9781483194493