Solar Wind Seven (eBook)

Proceedings of the 3rd COSPAR Colloquium Held in Goslar, Germany, 16-20 September 1991

E. Marsch (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2016 | 1. Auflage
740 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-1-4832-8780-5 (ISBN)

Infos

The third COSPAR Colloquium entitled Solar Wind Seven was held in Goslar, Germany in September 1991. Twenty-two countries were represented by scientists, many of whom are leading experts in the area of heliospheric physics. The Proceedings reflect current research on solar wind and particularly emphasizes the source regions. The main topics covered encompass Coronal Heating and Solar Wind Acceleration; Large-Scale Structure of the Interplanetary Medium; Minor Ions, Neutrals and Cosmic Rays in the Heliosphere; Kinetic Physics, Waves and Turbulence and finally Heliospheric Dynamic Phenomena.

Inhalt

Front Cover 1
Solar Wind Seven 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 6
Preface 18
Session 1: Coronal Heating and Solar Wind Acceleration 6
Chapter 1.The Origin of High Speed Solar Wind Streams 22
DISTINCTION BETWEEN FAST AND SLOW STREAMS 22
MICROFLARES IN A COMPLEX NETWORK MODEL 23
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 24
REFERENCES 25
Chapter 2.A Consistent Treatment of Thermally Conductive Magnetohydrodynamic Flows 
28 
INTRODUCTION 28
THE HELMET-STREAMER MAGNETIC CONFIGURATION 28
ANALYTICAL FORMALISM FOR THE CALCULATION OF THE TRANSVERSE CURRENTS 29
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE FORMALISM 30
SUMMARY 30
REFERENCES 31
Chapter 3.Explosive Events and Magnetic Reconnection in the Solar Atmosphere 32
INTRODUCTION 32
PROPERTIES OF EXPLOSIVE EVENTS 32
THE ASSOCIATION OF EXPLOSIVE EVENTS WITH EMERGING AND CANCELING FLUX 36
DIAGNOSTICS OF MAGNETIC RECONNECTION 38
REFERENCES 40
Chapter 4.Compressional Instability in the Solar Wind Driven by Dissipative Heating of Alfvé 
42 
INTRODUCTION 42
THEORETICAL DEVELOPMENT 42
SATURATED SOUND WAVES 44
MARGINAL STABILITY CONDITION AND GROWTH RATES 44
DISCUSSION 45
REFERENCES 45
Chapter 5.Density and Temperature Structure in a Coronal Hole 46
INTRODUCTION 46
LINE EMISSION 46
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 47
Acknowledgements 48
REFERENCES 48
Chapter 6.Interpreting Observations in the Solar Wind Acceleration Region 52
INTRODUCTION 52
HYDROGEN LYMAN-ALPHA LINE PROFILE 53
CORONAL WHITE LIGHT MEASUREMENTS 54
INTERPLANETARY SCINTILLATION MEASUREMENTS 55
CONCLUSION 56
REFERENCES 57
Chapter 7.The Generation of Plasma Waves in the Acceleration Region of the Solar Wind 58
Theory 58
Result 60
Reference 60
Chapter 8.Variable EUV Emission in the Quiet Sun and Coronal Heating 62
INTRODUCTION 62
OBSERVATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE VARIABLE EMISSION 62
ENERGY BUDGET OF THE VARIABLE EMISSION 66
CONCLUSIONS 68
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 68
REFERENCES 69
Chapter 9.A New Interpretation of the Red-Shift Observed in Optically Thin Transition Region Lines 70
INTRODUCTION 70
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 70
REFERENCES 71
Chapter 10.Status of Solar Wind Modeling from the Transition Region Outwards 74
INTRODUCTION 74
THREE MODELS 75
OUTSTANDING PROBLEMS 76
POSSIBLE FUTURE DIRECTIONS 78
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 79
REFERENCES 79
Chapter 11.Numerical Model for Coronal Shock Wave Formation in Two-Fluid Approximation 82
BASIC EQUATIONS 82
RESULTS 83
CONCLUSIONS 85
REFERENCES 85
Chapter 12.On the Possible Role of Plasma Waves in the Heating of Chromosphere and Corona 86
INTRODUCTION 86
QUASILINEAR HEATING RATES 86
SPATIAL INHOMOGENEITY AND COLLISIONAL EFFECTS 88
ESTIMATES OF HEATING RATES 88
CONCLUSIONS 89
REFERENCES 89
Chapter 13.Knowledge of Coronal Heating and Solar-Wind Acceleration Obtained from 
90 
APPROACH 90
RESULTS 91
DISCUSSION 97
Acknowledgements: 98
REFERENCES 98
Chapter 14.Heating Coronal Holes and Accelerating the Solar Wind 100
REFERENCES 106
Chapter 15.Modelling of Open and Closed Coronal Structures: Comparison with Detailed EUV Observations 108
INTRODUCTION 108
SIPHON FLOW MODEL 108
LINE SYNTHESIS 109
LOOP MODEL RESULTS 109
EXPLORATORY CORONAL HOLE STUDIES 111
REFERENCES 111
Chapter 16.Variation of the Green Corona Irradiance over the Solar Cycle 112
INTRODUCTION 112
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 112
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 115
REFERENCES 115
Chapter 17.A Two-Fluid Model of the Solar Wind 116
INTRODUCTION 116
MATHEMATICAL DESCRIPTION 116
METHOD OF SOLUTION 117
SOME RESULTS 118
CONCLUSION 119
REFERENCES 119
Acknowledgement: 119
Chapter 18.Structure of Solar Coronal Streamers 120
INTRODUCTION 120
GENERAL DESCRIPTION 121
THE GRAD-SHAFRANOV EQUATION 122
NUMERICAL IMPLEMENTATION 122
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 123
REFERENCES 123
Chapter 19.The Cause of the Coronal Temperature Inversion of the Solar Atmosphere and 
124 
INTRODUCTION 124
THE MODEL OF VELOCITY FILTRATION 126
SUMMARY 131
REFERENCES 132
Chapter 20. O VI Extreme Ultraviolet Radiation from Source Regions of Solar Wind 134
INTRODUCTION 134
CORONAL STRUCTURES AND MECHANISMS OF LINE FORMATION 134
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 135
CONCLUSIONS 137
REFERENCES 137
Chapter 21.Alfvé 
138 
1. INTRODUCTION 138
2. REFLECTION OF ALFVÉN WAVES IN A MODEL CORONAL HOLE 139
3. DISCUSSION 141
REFERENCES 141
Chapter 22.Green Corona Low Brightness Regions as the Source of the Solar Wind 142
INTRODUCTION 142
LONG-TERM DISTRIBUTION OF THE GCLBRs 142
DISTRIBUTION OF THE HSPSs IN LINDBLAD's CATALOGUE 143
RELATION OF GCLBRs TO HSPSs 144
REFERENCES 145
Chapter 23.The Relationship Between Solar Wind Speed and the Areal Expansion Factor 146
INTRODUCTION 146
IMPLICATIONS FOR WIND ACCELERATION MODELS 146
REFERENCES 149
Chapter 24.SUMER–Solar Ultraviolet Measurements of Emitted Radiation 150
SCIENTIFIC OBJECTIVES AND DESIGN CHARACTERISTICS 150
STATUS 151
Chapter 25.Fine Structure Analysis of a Prominence in Ha and Coronal Lines 152
1. Observations 152
2. Coronal Cavity 153
3 Velocity Field 153
4. Non-LTE Ha Line Formation 154
5. Electron Density 154
References 155
Session 2: Large-Scale Structure of the Interplanetary Medium 8
Chapter 26. 
158 
INTRODUCTION 158
DATA ANALYSIS 158
CONCLUSIONS 161
REFERENCES 161
Chapter 27. 
 
162 
INTRODUCTION AND EXPERIMENT DESCRIPTION 162
IN-ECLIPTIC ELECTRON RESULTS 163
REFERENCES 165
Chapter 28. Global Properties of the Plasma in the Outer Heliosphere I.large-scale structure and evolution 
166 
INTRODUCTION 166
GLOBAL BEHAVIOR OF THE SOLAR WIND IN THE OUTER HELIOSPHERE 166
REFERENCES 169
Chapter 29. Coronal Alfvé 
170 
INTRODUCTION 170
TWO-STATION FARADAY ROTATION OBSERVATIONS 170
CORONAL VELOCITIES IMPLIED BY FR CROSS CORRELATIONS 171
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 173
REFERENCES 173
Chapter 30. 
174 
INTRODUCTION 174
SECTOR BOUNDARIES AND COMPRESSION REGIONS 174
HELIOS SPACECRAFT OBSERVATIONS 177
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS 177
REFERENCES 177
Chapter 31. 
178 
INTRODUCTION 178
THEORY, OBSERVATIONS AND DATA ANALYSIS 178
DISCUSSION AND INTERPRETATION 179
REFERENCES 181
Chapter 32. 
182 
REFERENCES 187
Chapter 33. 
 
188 
INTRODUCTION 188
FORMULATION OF THE PROBLEM AND SOLUTIONS OF EQUATIONS 188
TOPOLOGY OF THE MAGNETIC FIELD 190
ESTIMATE OF CONDUCTIVITY 190
CONCLUSION 191
REFERENCES 191
Chapter 34. 
192 
INTRODUCTION 192
AMBIGUITIES 192
THE 3D– 
193 
THE ROGUES' GALLERY 193
CONTROVERSIES AND RESEARCH AREAS 193
CONCLUSIONS 195
REFERENCES 195
Chapter 35. 
 
196 
THEORETICAL PROCEDURE 196
NUMERICAL PROCEDURE 197
NUMERICAL RESULTS 199
REFERENCES 200
Chapter 36. 
202 
INTRODUCTION 202
SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIATIONS IN SOLAR WIND TEMPERATURE 202
SOLAR WIND TEMPERATURES: REAL OBSERVATIONS OR INSTRUMENTAL EFFECTS 
203 
SUMMARY: TEMPERATURES IN THE OUTER HELIOSPHERE 205
REFERENCES 205
Chapter 37. 
206 
INTRODUCTION 206
THE METHOD 206
RESULTS 207
CONCLUSIONS 208
REFERENCES 209
Chapter 38. Synoptic Maps of Heliospheric Thomson Scattering Brightness from 1974– 
210 
INTRODUCTION 210
SYNOPTIC MAPS 211
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION 211
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 213
REFERENCES 213
Chapter 39. Large-Scale Structure of the Heliospheric Magnetic Field: 1976– 
214 
INTRODUCTION 214
VARIATION WITH THE SOLAR CYCLE 216
CONCLUSIONS 219
REFERENCES 219
Chapter 40. 
220 
INTRODUCTION 220
DATA ANALYSIS 221
SUMMARY 223
REFERENCES 223
Chapter 41. 
224 
INTRODUCTION 224
HELIOCENTRIC DISTANCE DEPENDENCE OF THE SOLAR WIND SPEED 224
VERY SLOW SPEED WIND 225
DISCUSSION 226
REFERENCES 227
Chapter 42. 
228 
INTRODUCTION 228
THE MODEL 228
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 229
CONCLUSION 231
REFERENCES 231
Chapter 43. 
232 
INTRODUCTION 232
MODEL 232
FL DATA/MODEL COMPARISON 233
ROLL MANEUVERS (RM) 233
DISCUSSION 233
NEUTRAL H DENSITY 234
CONCLUSION 234
References 234
Chapter 44. 
236 
INTRODUCTION 236
RADIO OBSERVATIONS 236
RESULTS 237
CONCLUSION 238
REFERENCES 239
Chapter 45. 
240 
INTRODUCTION 240
RADIO OCCULTATION OBSERVATIONS 240
SUMMARY 242
REFERENCES 243
Chapter 46. 
244 
INTRODUCTION 244
OBSERVATIONS 244
MAPPING THE TRANSONIC REGION 245
CONCLUSIONS 247
REFERENCES 247
Chapter 47. 
248 
INTRODUCTION 248
OBSERVATIONS 249
DISCUSSION 251
REFERENCES 251
Chapter 48. 
252 
INTRODUCTION 252
ONSET OF SOLAR CYCLE ACTIVITY AT PIONEER 11 252
ONSET OF SOLAR CYCLE ACTIVITY AT PIONEER 10 254
REMARKABLE LARGE SHOCKS OBSERVED NEAR 48 AU 255
REFERENCES 255
Chapter 49. 
256 
TECHNIQUE 256
COSMIC RAY RECURRENCE PERIOD 256
RECURRENCE AMPLITUDE HISTORY 258
CONCLUSIONS 259
REFERENCES 259
Chapter 50. 
260 
INTRODUCTION 260
SCIENTIFIC OBJECTIVES 260
CORONAL ELECTRON CONTENT 261
FIRST INTERPRETATIONS 261
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 263
REFERENCES 263
Chapter 51. 
264 
INTRODUCTION 264
DATA 264
CALCULATION AND DISCUSSION 264
SUMMARY 267
REFERENCES 267
Chapter 52. On the Detection of Heliospheric Interface Properties from Interstellar/ 
268 
INTRODUCTION 268
HYDROGEN CELL OBSERVATIONS 269
BARANOV'S TWO SHOCK MODEL: MONTECARLO MODEL OF NEUTRAL FLOW 270
LYMAN 
272 
CONCLUSION 273
REFERENCES 273
Chapter 53. 
274 
REFERENCES 277
Chapter 54. 
 
278 
INTERPLANETARY SCINTILLATION (IPS) MEASUREMENTS 278
RESULTS 278
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS 279
REFERENCES 281
Chapter 55. 
 
282 
INTRODUCTION 282
REDUCTION AND PRESENTATION OF THE DATA 283
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 285
REFERENCES 285
Chapter 56. 
286 
Introduction 286
Attempts to Obtain an Empirical Understanding 287
Implications of a Wind-Speed/Expansion-Factor Inverse Relation 289
A Physical Basis for the Inverse Relation 292
Summary 293
Acknowledgements 293
References 293
Chapter 57. 
296 
Introduction 296
Overwinding of the IMF 296
North-South Asymmetry of the IMF 298
Acknowledgements: 299
References 299
Chapter 58. Global Structure of the Oncoming Local Interstellar Plasma Flow about a Simplified Heliopause Interface 300
INTRODUCTION 300
REFERENCES 303
Chapter 59. 
304 
1. INTRODUCTION 304
2. SPHERICAL FLOW: KINEMATIC MAGNETIC FIELD 304
3. SPHERICAL FLOW: MHD EFFECTS 305
3. NON-SPHERICAL FLOW: KINEMATIC MAGNETIC FIELD 305
REFERENCES 307
Chapter 60. 
 
308 
INTRODUCTION 308
LATITUDINAL VARIATION OF THE IONIZATION RATE 309
SOLAR WIND VELOCITY AND DENSITY VARIATIONS 310
CONCLUSIONS 311
REFERENCES 311
Chapter 61. 
312 
INTRODUCTION 312
MODEL OF IPS POWER SPECTRUM 312
SPECTRAL FITTING ANALYSIS 313
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 313
REFERENCES 315
Chapter 62. 
316 
INITIAL CONSIDERATIONS 316
DATA AND DATA PROCESSING 317
SUMMARY OF RESULTS 318
REFERENCES 319
Chapter 63. 
320 
INTRODUCTION 320
..GNETIC 
320 
FIELD LINE STRUCTURE IN THE OUTER HELIOSPHERE 321
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 323
REFERENCES 323
Chapter 64. 
324 
INTRODUCTION 324
THE AVERAGE SCALE IN HELIOLONGITUDE AND LATITUDE CROSS– 
325 
EAST– WEST ASYMMETRY OF 
326 
THE AVERAGE VELOCITY OF 
327 
THE EXPOSURE OF 
328 
INTERPLANETARY SHOCK GEOMETRY 328
THE VELOCITY OF 
330 
REFERENCES 332
Chapter 65. 
334 
1. INTRODUCTION 334
2. THE PHYSICAL AND NUMERICAL MODEL 334
3. THE CALCULATIONS 335
4. ACCURACY AND STABILITY OF CALCULATIONS 337
5. NEW RESULTS 337
REFERENCES 337
Chapter 66. 
338 
INTRODUCTION 338
METHOD OF SIMULATION 338
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 339
REFERENCES 341
Chapter 67. 
 
342 
INTRODUCTION 342
DOPPLER SCINTILLATION MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS 343
CONCLUSIONS 345
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 345
REFERENCES 345
Session 3: Minor I 
11 
Chapter 68. 
348 
INTRODUCTION 348
3He IN THE SOLAR WIND - A TRACER FOR TRANSPORT PROCESSES IN THE INTERIOR OF THE SUN 349
CHARGE STATE OF HINOR IONS IN PLASMOIDS 352
DISCUSSION 355
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 355
REFERENCES 355
Chapter 69. 
358 
Introduction 358
The Model 358
Results 359
Conclusions 361
Acknowlegments 361
References 361
Chapter 70. 
 
362 
INTRODUCTION 362
INSTRUMENTATION AND METHODOLOGY 362
SURVEY RESULTS 363
DISCUSSION 364
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 365
REFERENCES 365
Chapter 71. 
366 
I INTRODUCTION 366
II EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 368
III DISCUSSION 370
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: 372
REFERENCES 372
Chapter 72. 
374 
I. INTRODUCTION 374
II. SPACECRAFT AND INSTRUMENTATION 374
III. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 375
IV. DISCUSSION 376
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 379
REFERENCES 379
Chapter 73. 
 
382 
INTRODUCTION 382
PRINCIPLE OF ENA REMOTE SENSING AND DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 383
SAMPLE DESIGNS 384
FURTHER DEVELOPMENT 386
CONCLUSION 387
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 387
ADDENDUM 387
REFERENCES 387
Chapter 74. 
390 
INTRODUCTION 390
RESULTS FROM MODELING 391
CONCLUSION 393
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 393
REFERENCES 393
Chapter 75. 
 
394 
INTRODUCTION 394
OBSERVATIONS 395
DISCUSSION 397
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 397
REFERENCES 398
Chapter 76. 
 
400 
INTRODUCTION 400
INSTRUMENTATION AND ANALYSIS 400
OBSERVATIONS 401
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 401
CONCLUSIONS 403
REFERENCES 403
Chapter 77. 
404 
INTRODUCTION 404
ANALYSIS 404
DISCUSSION OF RESULTS 408
CONCLUSIONS 408
REFERENCES 408
Chapter 78. 
410 
INTRODUCTION TO ENA IMAGING OF HELIOSPHERIC SHOCK STRUCTURE 410
QUANTITATIVE MODELS FOR SHOCK-ASSOCIATED ION DISTRIBUTIONS 411
DISCUSSION OF SIMULATED ENA IMAGES AND QUANTITATIVE INFERENCES 414
REFERENCES 415
Chapter 79. 

416 
INTRODUCTION 416
THEORETICAL APPROACH 417
DEPENDENCE OF HE+ AND H+ FLUXES ON SOLAR WIND CHARACTERISTICS 417
EXPECTED HEAVY PICK-UP ION FLUXES 420
SUMMARY OF PICK-UP IONS INFLUENCE ON SOLAR WIND COMPOSITION 422
PROSPECTS FOR THE FUTURE 422
REFERENCES 423
Chapter 80. 
 
424 
INTRODUCTION 424
DATA SELECTION AND ANALYSIS 424
RESULTS 425
CONCLUSIONS 426
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 427
REFERENCES 428
Chapter 81. 
430 
INTRODUCTION 430
ABUNDANCES FROM SKYLAB 431
ABUNDANCES FROM SOLAR SOFT X-RAYS 433
REFERENCES 435
Chapter 82. 
 
436 
INTRODUCTION 436
HELIUM VARIATIONS IN DIFFERENT STREAMS OF SOLAR WIND 436
DYNAMICS OF HELIUM VELOCITY AND TEMPERATURE 438
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 442
REFERENCES 442
Session 4: Kinetic Physics, Waves and 12
Chapter 83. 
446 
INTRODUCTION 446
THE MODEL 446
ELECTRIC FIELD CALCULATION 447
REFERENCES 449
Chapter 84. Inner Heliosphere Observations of MHD Turbulence in the Solar Wind. Challenges to Theory 450
WHY INNER HELIOSPHERE AND SOLAR CYCLE MINIMUM 450
STREAM STRUCTURE AND LARGE SCALE ALFVENICITY 450
THE NATURE OF 
453 
CONCLUSIONS AND OPEN PROBLEMS 454
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 455
REFERENCES 455
Chapter 85. 
456 
INTRODUCTION 456
INTERMITTENT TURBULENCE AND MULTIFRACTALS IN RECURRENT STREAMS 457
OTHER OBSERVATIONS OF MULTIFRACTALS 459
SUMMARY 459
REFERENCES 459
Chapter 86. Anisotropy in the Spectra of Alfvé 
460 
REFERENCES 463
Chapter 87. Interplanetary Scintillation, Alfvén 
464 
INTRODUCTION 464
EFFECT OF ALFVEN WAVES ON INTERFEROMETRY 466
EFFECT OF ALFVEN WAVES ON INTENSITY SCINTILLATIONS 466
SUMMARY 468
ACKNOWLEGEMENTS 468
REFERENCES 468
Chapter 88. 
470 
INTRODUCTION 470
THE MODEL 470
METHOD 471
RESULTS 471
DISCUSSION 473
REFERENCES 473
Chapter 89. Interplanetary Scintillation, Alfvén 
464 
INTRODUCTION 464
EFFECT OF ALFVEN WAVES ON INTERFEROMETRY 466
EFFECT OF ALFVEN WAVES ON INTENSITY SCINTILLATIONS 466
SUMMARY 468
ACKNOWLEGEMENTS 468
REFERENCES 468
Chapter 90. 
470 
INTRODUCTION 470
THE MODEL 470
METHOD 471
RESULTS 471
DISCUSSION 473
REFERENCES 473
Chapter 91. 
474 
INTRODUCTION 474
THE DISPERSION RELATION 475
THE INITIAL ALPHA–PROTON DRIFT VELOCITY 476
SUMMARY 477
REFERENCES 477
Chapter 92. 
478 
INTRODUCTION 478
HOMOGENEOUS INCOMPRESSIBLE"ALFVEN WAVES TURBULENCE" 478
TURBULENCE WITH u˜b 
479 
NONLINEAR EVOLUTION AND SPHERICAL EXPANSION 481
CONCLUSION 482
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 482
REFERENCES 483
Chapter 93. 
484 
INTRODUCTION 484
METHODOIO 
485 
MAIN RESULTS 485
REFERENCES 486
Chapter 94. 
488 
INTRODUCTION 488
THE SPECTRUM MODEL OF COLES AND HARMON (1989) 488
RESULTS FROM VOYAGER RADIO MEASUREMENTS 489
REFERENCES 491
Chapter 95. 
492 
INTRODUCTION 492
OBSERVATIONS 492
RESULTS 493
CONCLUSION 495
AKNOWLEDGEMENTS 495
REFERENCES 495
Chapter 96. 
496 
INTRODUCTION 496
TEST PARTICLE ORBITS IN A FILAMENTARY CURRENT SHEET 497
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS 499
REFERENCES 499
Chapter 97. 
500 
I. DATA ANALYSIS 500
II. d. - bx CORRELATION 500
III. TWO-WAVE POPULATIONS 502
IV. SUMMARY 503
REFERENCES 503
Chapter 98. 
504 
INTRODUCTION 504
DATA 504
ANALYSIS OF MAY 27, 1991 SHOCK 505
GENERAL RESULTS 506
SUMMARY 507
REFERENCES 507
Chapter 99. Two Dimensional PIC Simulations of Plasma Heating by the Dissipation of Alfvé 
508 
INTRODUCTION 508
BACKGROUND AND MODEL 509
SIMULATION RESULTS 509
DISCUSSION 512
REFERENCES 513
Chapter 100. Energy Dissipation by .lfvén 
514 
REFERENCES 517
Chapter 101. 
 
518 
INTRODUCTION 518
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS 518
A STRONG ALFVENIC TURBULENCE MODEL 519
DISCUSSION 519
REFERENCES 521
Chapter 102. 
522 
INTRODUCTION 522
DISPERSION RELATIONS OF SURFACE AND BODY WAVES 522
DISCUSSION 523
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 525
REFERENCES 525
Chapter 103. 
526 
INTRODUCTION 526
SUMMARY OF OBSERVATIONS 526
DISSIPATION AND KINETIC HEATING 528
STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND SPATIAL INTERMITTENCY 529
SPECTRAL TRANSFER EQUATIONS 530
REFERENCES 531
Chapter 104. 
532 
INTRODUCTION 532
ELECTRIC FIELD FLUCTUATIONS AND THE ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE 
532 
TURBULENT ELECTRIC FIELD SPECTRA 534
DYNAMO THEORY AND THE ALPHA EFFECT 534
CONCLUSIONS 536
REFERENCES 537
Chapter 105. 
538 
1 Introduction 538
2 Solar Wind Spectral Evolution in WKB and related theories 538
3 Structure of two-scale transport theories 539
4 Relation to WKB theory: Multiple scales analysis 542
5 Conclusions 543
6 References 543
Chapter 106. 
544 
1. INTRODUCTION 544
2. KINETIC EQUATION 544
2. SOLUTION 544
REFERENCES 546
Chapter 107. 
548 
1. INTRODUCTION 548
2. LANGEVIN-EQUATION 548
3. CONCLUSIONS 549
REFERENCES 549
Chapter 108. 
550 
INTRODUCTION AND THE MODEL 550
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 552
REFERENCES 553
Chapter 109. 
554 
REFERENCES 559
Chapter 110. 
 
560 
INTRODUCTION 560
SUMMARY OF OBSERVATIONS 560
SIMULATION RESULTS AND COMPARISONS TO DATA 561
SUMMARY 564
REFERENCES 564
Chapter 111. 
566 
I. INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY OF PRIOR INVESTIGATIONS 566
II. THE PROSPECT OF AN "AUGMENTED DNLS" 568
III. NUMERICAL STUDIES OF WAVE PACKET EVOLUTION WITH OBLIQUITY AND GROWTH 569
IV. CONCLUSIONS 570
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 571
REFERENCES 571
Chapter 112. Estimation of High Energy Solar Particle Transport Parameters During the Gle's In 1989 
572 
INTRODUCTION 572
MODEL FOR PARTICLE PROPAG..... 572
FLUX ESTIMATIONS 574
TRANSPORT PARAMETERS 575
DISCUSSION 575
CONCLUSIONS 575
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 575
REFERENCES 575
Chapter 113. 
576 
INTRODUCTION 576
AN EXTENDED MODEL FOR THE RADIAL EVOLUTION OF SOLAR WIND FLUCTUATIONS 577
THE BASIC ASSUMPTIONS AND APPROXIMATIONS OF THE MODEL 579
THE TRANSFER EQUATIONS 580
COMPARISON OF THE MODEL RESULTS WITH OBSERVATIONS 580
CONCLUSIONS AND DISCUSSIONS 581
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 581
REFERENCES 581
Chapter 114. 
 
582 
INTRODUCTION 582
DATA SOURCE AND ANALYSIS 583
THE LOW-ENERGY– 
583 
CONCLUSIONS 584
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 585
REFERENCES 585
Chapter 115. 
586 
INTRODUCTION 586
ANISOTROPY AND INCOMPRESSIBILITY 587
CORRELATION, COMPRESSIBILITY AND INHOMOGENEITY 587
CONCLUSIONS 590
REFERENCES 591
Chapter 116. 
 
592 
INTRODUCTION 592
WHISTLER INSTABILITY ANALYSIS 592
MAGNETIC MOMENT DIFFUSION AND MONTE CARLO SIMULATION 594
CONCLUSIONS 595
REFERENCES 595
Chapter 117. Alfvén Wave Propagation in the Solar Atmosphere and Models of MHD Turbulence in the Solar Wind 596
INTRODUCTION 596
PROPAGATION IN THE STATIC CORONA 596
PROPAGATION IN THE SOLAR WIND AND ALFVENIC TURBULENCE 598
REFERENCES 599
Chapter 118. 
600 
INTRODUCTION 600
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 600
SPECIAL CASES 601
DISCUSSION 603
ACKOWLEDGMENTS 603
REFERENCES 603
Chapter 119. Parametric Instabilities of Large Amplitude .lfvén 
604 
INTRODUCTION 604
MATHEMATICAL DESCRIPTION: LINEAR THEORY 605
NUMERICAL RESULTS 605
SUMMARY 608
REFERENCES 608
Chapter 120. 
610 
INTRODUCTION 610
SPECTRAL BROADENING OBSERVATIONS 610
TRANSIENT RESULTS 610
CONCLUSIONS 612
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 613
REFERENCES 613
Chapter 121. 
614 
1 Introduction 614
2 Clues and constraints from the solar wind 614
3 Theoretical description 616
4 Conclusions 620
Acknowledgements 620
Session 5: Heliospheric Dynamic Phenomena 16
Chapter 122. 
 
624 
INTRODUCTION 624
DATA AND RESULTS 624
SUMMARY 627
REFERENCES 627
Chapter 123. 
628 
INTRODUCTION 628
MAGNETIC CLOUDS OBSERVED BY THE HELIOS SPACECRAFT 630
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS 631
REFERENCES 631
Chapter 124. 
632 
INTRODUCTION 632
CALCULATION TECHNIQUE 632
THE CAPABILITIES AND DRAWBACKS OF THE CODE 634
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 635
Acknowledgements, 635
REFERENCES 635
Chapter 125. Relations Between Parameters of Coronal Mass Ejections and Solar Flare Microwave and Soft X-Ray Bursts 636
INTRODUCTION 636
DISTRIBUTION OF THE CME EVENTS ON THE INTENSITY– 
636 
CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION 637
REFERENCES 639
Chapter 126. Comparative Study of Dynamically Expanding Force-Free, Constant-Alpha Magnetic Configurations with Applications to Magnetic Clouds 640
INTRODUCTION 640
DATA EXAMPLE 640
THE EXPANDING MAGNETIC FIELD CONFIGURATIONS 641
LEAST SQUARES FITTING: RESULTS 642
CONCLUSIONS 643
REFERENCES 643
Chapter 127. Radial Expansion of An Ideal Mhd 
644 
INTRODUCTION 644
BASIC EQUATIONS AND ASSUMPTIONS 644
TIME EVOLUTION OF THE MAGNETIC HELD 645
ASYMPTOTIC BEHAVIOUR 646
SPECIAL CASE: SELF-SIMILAR EXPANSION 646
WEAKLY NON-SELF-SIMILAR VELOCITY PROFILE 646
CONCLUDING REMARKS 647
REFERENCES 647
Chapter 128. Counterstreaming Solar Wind Halo Electron Events on Open Field Lines 
648 
INTRODUCTION 648
OBSERVATIONS 648
CONCLUSIONS 651
REFERENCES 651
Chapter 129. Solar-Generated Disturbances in the Heliosphere 652
INTRODUCTION 652
MASS EJECTIONS 653
SHOCKS 657
CONCLUSIONS 660
Acknowledgements: 660
REFERENCES 660
Chapter 130. Radio Observations of Energetic Electrons Associated with Coronal Shock Waves: Evidence for Shock Acceleration 
664 
INTRODUCTION 664
"SHOCK ASSOCIATED EVENTS" AND METRIC CONTINUA 664
DISCUSSION 666
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 667
REFERENCES 667
Chapter 131. Relation Between Coronal mm-Wave Sources, Noise Storms, A 
668 
1. INTRODUCTION 668
2. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CMMSs 668
3. RELATION BETWEEN CMMSs, X-RAYS, NOISE STORMS, A N D CMEs 669
4. CONCLUSIONS 670
REFERENCES 670
Chapter 132. Regulation of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field 672
INTRODUCTION 672
OBSERVATIONS 673
SUMMARY 675
CONCLUSION 675
REFERENCES 675
Chapter 133. Remote Radio Observations of Solar Wind Parameters Upstream of Planetary Bow Shocks 676
INTRODUCTION 676
OBSERVATIONS AND RESULTS 677
DISCUSSION 678
References 679
Chapter 134. Quantitative Analysis of Bidirectional Electron Fluxes within Coronal Mass Ejections at 1 AU 680
INTRODUCTION 680
OBSERVATIONS 680
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 685
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 685
REFERENCES 685
Chapter 135. Observation of Local Radio Emission Associated with Type III Radio Bursts and Langmuir Waves 686
INTRODUCTION 686
ULYSSES OBSERVATIONS OF LOCAL TYPE III EMISSION 687
Discussion 690
Conclusion 691
References 691
Chapter 136. A Quantitative Assessment of the Role of the Post-Shock Turbulent Region in the Formation of Forbush Decreases 692
INTRODUCTION 692
MAGNETIC FIELD AND SOLAR WIND CHANGES 692
RADIAL DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT 693
CONCLUSIONS 695
REFERENCES 695
Chapter 137. Comparison of 21/2D and 3D Simulations of Propagating Interplanetary Shocks 696
INTRODUCTION 696
SIMULATIONS 696
RESULTS 697
CONCLUSIONS 699
REFERENCES 699
Chapter 138. Magnetic Clouds: Comparison Between Spacecraft Measurements and Theoretical Magnetic Force-Free Solutions 700
INTRODUCTION 700
COMPARISON BETWEEN MEASURED MAGNETIC FIELD PROFILES OF CLOUDS AND MODELS 700
CONCLUSIONS 703
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 703
REFERENCES 703
Chapter 139. Parametric Model of Interplanetary Shock Wave Propagation 704
INTRODUCTION 704
DRIVEN PHASE OF THE SHOCK WAVE PROPAGATION 704
SIMPLE MODEL OF PROPAGATION OF THE PISTON DRIVEN SHOCK WAVES 705
COMPARISON OF SIMPLE MODEL AND 2D MHD MODEL OF SHOCK WAVE PROPAGATION 707
CONCLUSIONS 708
REFERENCES 708
Chapter 140. Characteristics of CMEs Observed in the Heliosphere Using Helios Photometer Data 710
REFERENCES 712
Chapter 141. Comparison of Doppler Scintillation and In Situ Spacecraft Plasma Measurements of Interplanetary Disturbances 714
INTRODUCTION 714
EXAMPLES OF COMPARISONS 714
SUMMARY OF RESULTS 716
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 716
REFERENCES 716
Chapter 142. Intense Magnetic Clouds and their Interactions with Ambient Solar Wind Streams 718
INTRODUCTION 718
MAGNETIC CLOUD IN VERY-LOW-SPEED SOLAR WIND 719
MAGNETIC CLOUD IN A SMALL STREAM WITH MEDIUM SPEED 720
CONCLUSIONS 721
REFERENCES 721
Chapter 143. A Shocked -Bz Event Caused by Fast Steady Flow-Slow Transient Flow Interaction 722
1. INTRODUCTION 722
2. MAGNETIC CONFIGURATION IN THE FAST AND SLOW FLOW 722
3. PLASMA PROPERTIES OF THE SLOW FLOW 722
4. CONTRIBUTION OF FAST SHOCK TO – 
724 
5. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION 725
Acknowledgement. 725
REFERENCES 725
Chapter 144. Prediction of Large North– 
726 
1. INTRODUCTION 726
2. IDENTIFYING A DRIVER GAS-ASSOCIATED Bz EVENT AND ITS SOLAR SOURCE 726
3. MODEL AND METHOD OF CALCULATION 726
4. PREDICTION AND CONCLUSION 728
Acknowledgement. 729
REFERENCES 729
Author Index 730
List of Participants 734
List of Unpublished Papers 736

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 20.4.2016
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie ► Astronomie / Astrophysik
• Themenwelt: Technik
• ISBN-10: 1-4832-8780-7 / 1483287807
• ISBN-13: 978-1-4832-8780-5 / 9781483287805