Developments in Environmental Modelling (eBook)

M.J. Gromiec, S.E. Jorgensen (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2016 | 1. Auflage
409 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-1-4832-9080-5 (ISBN)

Infos

The use of models to assess water quality is becoming increasingly important worldwide. In order to be able to develop a good model, it is necessary to have a good quantitative and ecological description of physical, chemical and biological processes in ecosystems. Such descriptions may be called ``submodels''. This book presents the most important, but not all, submodels applied in water quality modelling. Each chapter deals with a specific physical process and covers its importance, the most applicable submodels (and how to select one), parameter values and their determination, and future research needs.The book will be an excellent reference source for environmental engineers, ecological modellers and all those interested in the modelling of water quality systems.

Inhalt

Front Cover 1
Mathematical Submodels in Water Quality Systems 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 6
LIST OF TABLES 10
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 14
1.1 THE APPLICATION OF SUBMODELS 14
1.2 OVERVIEW OF THE PRESENTED SUBMODELS 16
CHAPTER 2. VOLATILIZATION 20
2.1 THE IMPORTANCE OF VOLATILIZATION IN ENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXT 20
2.2 MODELS OF THE VOLATILIZATION PROCESS 22
2.3 THE APPLICATION OF THE VOLATILIZATION SUBMODEL IN ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING 28
2.4 PARAMETER ESTIMATION IN THE VOLATILIZATION SUBMODEL 29
2.5 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH NEEDS 32
REFERENCES 32
CHAPTER 3. REAERATION 34
3.1 INTRODUCTION 34
3.2 MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES 35
3.3 PREDICTIVE MODELS 37
3.4 ANALYSIS OF PREDICTIVE MODELS FOR RIVERS 54
3.5 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 61
REFERENCES 62
CHAPTER 4. ADSORPTION AND ION EXCHANGE 66
4.1 INTRODUCTION 66
4.2 MODELLING ADSORPTION AND ION EXCHANGE 67
4.3 THE APPLICATION OF ADSORPTION AND ION EXCHANGE SUBMODELS IN WATER QUALITY MODELLING 74
4.4 PARAMETER ESTIMATION IN THE ADSORPTION - ION EXCHANGE SUBMODEL 76
4.5 CONCLUSIONS AND FURTHER RESEARCH NEEDS 80
REFERENCES 81
CHAPTER 5. HEAT EXCHANGE 84
5.1 INTRODUCTION 84
5.2 EVALUATION OF HEAT BUDGET TERMS 86
5.3 HEAT EXCHANGE AT AIR-WATER INTERFACE 87
5.4 APPLICATIONS 108
5.5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 108
SELECTED REFERENCES 109
CHAPTER 6. SEDIMENTATION 110
6.1 THE ROLE OF SEDIMENTATION IN MODELLING AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS 110
6.2 MODELS OF SEDIMENTATION 111
6.3 PARAMETER ESTIMATION 119
6.4 APPLICATION IN ECOLOGICAL MODELLING 122
6.5 CONCLUSIONS AND FURTHER RESEARCH NEEDS 122
REFERENCES 123
CHAPTER 7. COAGULATION 126
7.1. INTRODUCTION 126
7.2. MODELS OF THE COAGULATION PROCESS 127
7.3. ASPECTS OF APPLICATION AND PARAMETER ESTIMATION 136
7.4. CONCLUSIONS AND FURTHER RESEARCH NEEDS 139
REFERENCES 140
CHAPTER 8. PRECIPITATION 142
8.1 INTRODUCTION 142
8.2. MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF THE PRECIPITATION PROCESS 144
8.3 PARAMETER ESTIMATION 147
8.4. APPLICATION AND EXAMPLES 148
REFERENCES 150
CHAPTER 9. COMPLEX FORMATION 152
9.1 INTRODUCTION 152
9.2 MODELS OF COMPLEX FORMATION 157
9.3 PARAMETER ESTIMATION 165
9.4 APPLICATION OF COMPLEX FORMATION IN ENVIRONMENTAL MODELS 166
9.5 CONCLUSIONS 169
REFERENCES 170
CHAPTER 10. HYDROLYSIS AND CHEMICAL REDOX PROCESSES 172
10.1 INTRODUCTION 172
10.2 MODELS OF HYDROLYSIS AND REDOX PROCESSES 184
10.3 PARAMETER ESTIMATION 189
10.4 CONCLUSIONS 191
REFERENCES 194
CHAPTER 11. PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS 196
11.1 INTRODUCTION 196
11.2 THEORETICAL BASIS FOR THE MODELLING OF PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS 197
11.3 MODELLING PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS IN NATURAL WATERS 199
11.4 ESTIMATION OF MODEL PARAMETERS 201
11.5 INCORPORATION OF PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS INTO GEOCHEMICAL MODELS 207
11.6 CONCLUSIONS AND RESEARCH NEEDS 210
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 212
REFERENCES 212
CHAPTER 12. MICROBIAL DECOMPOSITION 218
12.1 INTRODUCTION 218
12.2 MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF MICROBIAL DECOMPOSITION 221
12.3 PARAMETERS ESTIMATION 230
12.4 FUTURE RESEARCH NEEDS 240
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 241
NOTATIONS 241
REFERENCES 243
CHAPTER 13. NITRIFICATION 248
13.1 INTRODUCTION 248
13.2 NITRIFYING MICRO-ORGANISMS AND FACTORS AFFECTING NITRIFICATION 248
13.3 GROWTH KINETICS OF NITRIFYING MICRO-ORGANISMS 249
13.4 SENSITIVITY OF GROWTH PARAMETERS TO NITRIFICATION PROCESS 256
13.5 KINETICS EXPRESSIONS FOR INHIBITION 259
13.6 ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS 265
13.7 NITRIFICATION ZONES IN NATURAL WATER BODIES 271
REFERENCES 273
CHAPTER 14. PREDATOR-PREY INTERACTIONS 278
14.1 INTRODUCTION 278
14.2 PREDATOR-PREY MODELS 278
14.3 ELEMENTS OF PREDATOR-PREY INTERACTION 282
14.4 DEPENDENCE OF ACTIVITY OF PREDATORS ON ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS 288
14.5 PREDATION ON MORE THAN ONE PREY POPULATION 290
14.6 EXPERIMENTAL PARAMETERS AND FUNCTION ESTIMATION OF PREDATOR-PREY INTERACTIONS 293
14.7 APPLICATIONS: PREDATOR-PREY INTERACTIONS IN ECOSYSTEM MODELS 294
14.8 CONCLUSIONS AND RESEARCH NEEDS 295
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 295
REFERENCES 295
CHAPTER 15. PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY 300
15.1 INTRODUCTION 300
15.2 METHODS AND MEASURING 301
15.3 MODEL COMPLEXITY 304
15.4 FORMULATIONS 306
15.5 MODEL APPLICATION AND EVALUATION 318
15.6 PARAMETER ESTIMATION AND DATA REQUIREMENTS 327
15.7 CONCLUSIONS AND RESEARCH NEEDS 327
REFERENCES 328
CHAPTER 16. FISH GROWTH 332
16.1 INTRODUCTION 332
16.2 THE METABOLIC GROWTH MODEL 333
16.3 PARAMETER ESTIMATION 340
16.4 APPLICATION AND EXAMPLES 347
16.5 OTHER METABOLIC GROWTH EQUATIONS 362
16.6 CONCLUSION AND RESEARCH NEEDS 364
16.7 SYMBOL GLOSSARY 365
REFERENCES 366
CHAPTER 17. SEDIMENT-WATER EXCHANGE MODELS 372
17.1 INTRODUCTION 372
17.2 ESSENTIAL SUBMODELS 373
17.3 APPLICATION OF SEDIMENT MODELS 384
17.4 PARAMETER ESTIMATION IN SEDIMENT SUBMODELS 391
17.5 SELECTION OF SUBMODELS 393
REFERENCES 395
APPENDIX 400
LIST OF AUTHORS 402
INDEX 404

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 20.4.2016
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Ökologie / Naturschutz
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Umwelttechnik / Biotechnologie
• ISBN-10: 1-4832-9080-8 / 1483290808
• ISBN-13: 978-1-4832-9080-5 / 9781483290805