Principles of Training (eBook)

The Commonwealth and International Library: Psychology Division

D. H. Holding (Autor)

G. P. Meredith (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2013 | 1. Auflage
172 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
9781483160078 (ISBN)

Infos

Principles of Training provides insight into the different variables presented by training tasks. It presents a wide sample of experimental data to reveal to the intending practitioner of training-whether in industry, in sport, in the defense services or other fields-that awareness of experimental findings must be paralleled by competence in analyzing tasks in order to determine how and where any particular principles may reasonably be applied. The book begins with an introductory chapter on the evaluation of training, experiments on training, limitations of training, and training problems. This is followed by separate chapters that discuss how trainers can influence the course of learning by manipulating knowledge of results; methods for minimizing errors in early learning; visual training methods; the use of words and actions in training; and the importance of practice in learning. Subsequent chapters cover the transfer of training; automatic teaching, or ''programmed instruction''; and recommendations for trainers.

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Principles of Training provides insight into the different variables presented by training tasks. It presents a wide sample of experimental data to reveal to the intending practitioner of training-whether in industry, in sport, in the defense services or other fields-that awareness of experimental findings must be paralleled by competence in analyzing tasks in order to determine how and where any particular principles may reasonably be applied. The book begins with an introductory chapter on the evaluation of training, experiments on training, limitations of training, and training problems. This is followed by separate chapters that discuss how trainers can influence the course of learning by manipulating knowledge of results; methods for minimizing errors in early learning; visual training methods; the use of words and actions in training; and the importance of practice in learning. Subsequent chapters cover the transfer of training; automatic teaching, or "e;"e;programmed instruction"e;"e;; and recommendations for trainers.

Inhalt

Front Cover 1
Principles of Training 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 6
EDITOR'S FOREWORD 10
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 18
Evaluation of Training 19
Experiments on Training 21
Limitations of Training 22
Training Problems 24
Types of Task 27
Skilled Behaviour 29
CHAPTER 2. KNOWLEDGE OF RESULTS 32
Removing Feedback 32
Action and Learning Feedback 34
Information and Incentive 36
A Classification 38
Intrinsic or Artificial 40
Concurrent or Terminal 42
Immediate or Delayed 44
Verbal or Non-Verbal 47
Separate or Accumulated 49
Summary 51
CHAPTER 3. GUIDANCE 53
Restricting Alternatives 53
Types of Guidance 55
Animal Work 56
Human Maze Learning 59
Mazes and Forced-Response 61
Adjustive Skills 63
Graded Movements 65
Knowledge of Alternatives 68
Summary 69
CHAPTER 4. VISUAL METHODS 71
Visual Guidance 71
Changes in Display 73
Visual Magnification 74
Imitation 76
Static Visual Aids 79
Moving Films 80
Summary 83
CHAPTER 5. WORDS AND ACTIONS 85
Verbal and Motor Learning 85
Verbal and Motor Behaviour 87
Instructions 90
Pre-Differentiation 93
Verbal Pre-Training 94
Verbal Guidance and Hints 96
Summary 98
CHAPTER 6. PRACTICE 100
Learning Curves 100
Speed and Accuracy 102
Part and Whole Methods 104
Progression 107
Massed and Spaced Practice 109
Residual Effects 112
Mental Practice 114
Summary 117
CHAPTER 7. TRANSFER OF TRAINING 119
Sameness and Difference 119
Relations Between Tasks 121
Negative Transfer 124
Long-Term Effects 126
Task Difficulty 129
Transfer of Principles 133
Summary 135
CHAPTER 8. PROGRAMMED LEARNING 137
Teaching Machines 137
Motor Learning 140
Linear Programmes 141
Programme Characteristics 143
Branching Programmes 145
Comparison of Methods 148
Evaluation 150
Summary 151
CHAPTER 9. RECOMMENDATIONS 153
General 153
Specific 155
Further Reading 159
References and Author Index 160
Subject Index 171

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 22.10.2013
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Geisteswissenschaften ► Psychologie ► Allgemeine Psychologie
• Themenwelt: Geisteswissenschaften ► Psychologie ► Verhaltenstherapie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Chemie
• ISBN-13: 9781483160078 / 9781483160078