Radiative Energy Transfer (eBook)

Proceedings of the Symposium on Interdisciplinary Aspects of Radiative Energy Transfer

Robert Goulard, Sinclaire M. Scala, Richard N. Thomas (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2017 | 1. Auflage
630 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
9781483157061 (ISBN)

Infos

Radiative Energy Transfer presents the proceedings of the symposium on interdisciplinary aspects of radiative energy transfer held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on February 24-26, 1966. The book includes topics on the two main classical directions of radiative transfer: diagnostic techniques and energy exchanges. The text also covers topics on molecular band models, inversion techniques, scattering problems, and shock-wave structure. Topics on high-speed shocks, stellar atmospheres, and meteorology are also encompassed.

Inhalt

Front Cover 1
Radiative Energy Transfer 2
Copyright Page 3
Preface 4
Table of Contents 6
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS 10
SESSION I: SPACE AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS 12
CHAPTER 1. INFRARED RADIATIVE TRANSFER IN THE TERRESTRIAL ATMOSPHERE 14
I. INTRODUCTION 14
II. THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT 18
III. THE INVERSION PROBLEM 22
IV. FURTHER RESEARCH 27
V. FURTHER READING 27
DISCUSSION 28
CHAPTER 2. RADIATIVE TRANSFER AND THE SCATTERING PROBLEM 30
I. INTRODUCTION 30
REFERENCES 37
CHAPTER 3. TRANSFER OF SOLAR ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION THROUGH THE EARTH'S MOLECULAR ATMOSPHERE 38
I. INTRODUCTION 38
II. RELEVANT INFORMATION 39
III. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DIFFUSELY REFLECTED RADIATION 41
IV. DETERMINATION OF VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF OZONE FROM SATELLITE 43
V. EFFECT OF SCATTERING AND GROUND REFLECTION ON ATMOSPHERIC ENERGETICS 45
VI. CONCLUSION 50
REFERENCES 50
DISCUSSION 51
CHAPTER 4. ON THE SCATTERING OF SUNLIGHT INTO PLANETARY SHADOW CONES 52
I. INTRODUCTION 52
II. RESEARCH IMPLICATIONS 53
III. METHOD OF APPROACH 55
IV. NUMERICAL RESULTS 58
V. CONCLUSIONS 61
REFERENCES 61
DISCUSSION 62
CHAPTER 5. THE REFLECTANCE OF HOMOGENEOUS, PLANE-PARALLEL CLOUDS OF DUST AND SMOKE 64
I. INTRODUCTION 64
II. THE CROSS SECTIONS 65
III. THE REFLECTANCE OF A CLOUD 71
IV. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS 78
REFERENCES 79
APPENDIX 79
DISCUSSION 81
CHAPTER 6. CLOUDS AND THE INVERSION PROBLEM 82
I. BACKGROUND 82
II. NONLINEAR INVERSION METHOD 83
III. MODEL ATMOSPHERE WITH AN IMBEDDED CLOUD 84
IV. INVERSION RESULTS FOR A CLOUD-FREE ATMOSPHERE 86
V. INVERSION RESULTS FOR CLOUDY ATMOSPHERES 88
VI. CONCLUDING REMARKS 93
REFERENCES 95
DISCUSSION 95
SESSION II: AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS 98
CHAPTER 7. AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS INTRODUCTORY REMARKS 100
REFERENCE 100
CHAPTER 8. CURRENT RESEARCH ON INFRARED RADIATION FROM ROCKET EXHAUST 102
I. INTRODUCTION 102
II. OUTLINE OF THE RADIATION PROGRAM 103
III. PLUME FLOW FIELD PROGRAMS 103
IV. BAND MODELS 108
V. THE MODIFIED CURTIS-GODSON APPROXIMATION 110
VI. DETERMINATION OF THE BAND MODEL PARAMETERS 114
VII. EMISSION FROM INHOMOGENEOUS GASES 117
VIII. APPLICATION 119
CONCLUSION 119
SYMBOLS AND DEFINITIONS 123
REFERENCES 123
DISCUSSION 124
CHAPTER 9. INFRARED RADIATION AS A DIAGNOSTIC TOOL IN REENTRY PHYSICS 126
1. INTRODUCTION 126
2. SHOCK-TUBE MEASUREMENTS 128
3. BALLISTIC RANGE TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT 131
4. RADIATION FROM CARBON-AIR SYSTEMS 136
REFERENCES 138
DISCUSSION 138
CHAPTER 10. RADIATING AND ABSORBING STEADY FLOW OVER SYMMETRIC BODIES 140
I. INTRODUCTION 140
II. FORMULATION 141
III. SOLUTIONS OF TRANSPARENT LIMIT 148
IV. SOLUTIONS OF ARBITRARY OPACITY 152
REFERENCES 164
DISCUSSION 165
CHAPTER 11. TWO-DIMENSIONAL HIGH SPEED FLOW OF A RADIATING GAS 166
I. INTRODUCTION 166
II. RADIATIVE TRANSFER EQUATION 167
III. LINEARIZATION 169
IV. FLOW PAST A CORNER 175
V. FLOW PAST AN ARBITRARY BOUNDARY SHAPE 177
VI. HYPERSONIC SMALL DISTURBANCE THEORY 178
VII. DISCUSSION 180
REFERENCES 181
CHAPTER 12. TIME-RESOLVED SPECTRA FOR SOME SIMPLE LABORATORY SIMULATED REENTRY MODELS 182
I. INTRODUCTION 182
II. EXPERIMENTAL 182
III. RESULTS 184
IV. DEVELOPMENT OF A HIGH GAIN TIME RESOLVING SPECTROGRAPH 197
V. CONCLUSIONS 199
REFERENCES 199
DISCUSSION 199
CHAPTER 13. SPECTROSCOPIC STUDY OF THE GAS-CAP RADIATION INTENSITY FOR SIMULATED MARTIAN ATMOSPHERIC PROBES 202
I. INTRODUCTION 202
II. TEST FACILITY 203
III. TEST BODY AND INSTRUMENTATION 204
IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 206
V. SUMMARY 212
SYMBOLS 213
REFERENCES 214
SESSION III: STELLAR AERODYNAMICS 224
CHAPTER 14. STELLAR AERODYNAMICS INTRODUCTORY REMARKS 226
CHAPTER 15. SUMMARY-INTRODUCTION TO RADIATIVE TRANSFER PROBLEMS IN STELLAR ATMOSPHERES 228
I. INTRODUCTION 228
II. MODEL STELLAR ATMOSPHERES 229
III. LINE FORMATION BY SCATTERING 230
IV. COUPLING THROUGH PHOTO-IONIZATION AND RECOMBINATION 239
V. COUPLING TO OTHER LEVELS 243
VI. EFFECTS OF NON-HOMOGENEOUS ATMOSPHERES 243
VII. NON-STATIONARY PHENOMENA 249
REFERENCES 251
DISCUSSION 251
CHAPTER 16. TRANSFER OF LINE RADIATION BY MULTILEVEL ATOMS 254
I. INTRODUCTION: THE BASIC TWO-LEVEL PROBLEM 254
II. COLLISIONAL COUPLING BETWEEN UPPER LEVELS 257
III. RADIATIVE COUPLING BETWEEN UPPER LEVELS 260
IV. THE EFFECT OF A CONTINUUM 268
V. THE EFFECT OF STIMULATED EMISSIONS 270
REFERENCES 272
APPENDIX A 272
APPENDIX B 277
APPENDIX C 278
APPENDIX D 280
DISCUSSION 284
CHAPTER 17. COMMENTS ON MULTILEVEL ATOM RADIATION PROBLEMS 286
I. INTRODUCTION 286
II. TWO-LEVEL ATOM 286
III. THREE LEVEL ATOM 290
IV. FOUR-LEVEL ATOM 293
V. LYMAN CONTINUUM 296
VI. TWO BOUND LEVELS AND A CONTINUUM 296
REFERENCES 298
CHAPTER 18. SOME PROBLEMS OF RADIATION TRANSFER IN THE ATMOSPHERES OF HOT STARS 300
I. INTRODUCTION 300
II. THEORY 301
III. RESULTS 302
REFERENCES 306
DISCUSSION 307
CHAPTER 19. LINE FORMATION IN A DIFFERENTIALLY MOVING NON-LTE ATMOSPHERE 308
I. INTRODUCTION 308
II. LINE SHAPES FOR ASSUMED SOURCE FUNCTIONS 309
III. DISCONTINUOUS VELOCITY ATMOSPHERE 315
IV. DIFFERENTIAL VELOCITY 331
REFERENCES 338
DISCUSSION 338
CHAPTER 20. PREDICTED ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRA FROM STELLAR CHROMOSPHERES 340
I. INTRODUCTION 340
II. THEORETICAL ESTIMATE OF ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRA 341
III. OBSERVATIONAL LIMITATIONS 348
REFERENCES 350
CHAPTER 21. SOME PROBLEMS OF RADIATIVE TRANSFER IN AN ATMOSPHERE HAVING A STELLAR WIND 352
I. STELLAR CORONAS AND STELLAR WINDS 352
II. VELOCITIES IN THE TEMPERATURE GRADIENT REGION 353
III. DEPARTURE OF THE STATIONARY STATE FROM CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM 353
REFERENCES 356
DISCUSSION 357
SESSION IV: OCEANOGRAPHY 358
CHAPTER 22. OCEANOGRAPHY INTRODUCTORY REMARKS 360
CHAPTER 23. A SURVEY OF THEORETICAL HYDROLOGIC OPTICS 362
I. INTRODUCTION: HYDROLOGIC OPTICS AND RADIATIVE TRANSFER THEORY 362
II. CONCEPTUAL BASES OF RADIATIVE TRANSFER THEORY 363
III. PRINCIPAL METHODS OF FORMULATING AND SOLVING THE BASIC EQUATIONS OF RADIATIVE TRANSFER THEORY 364
IV. RADIATIVE TRANSFER THEORY AND INVARIANT IMBEDDING 366
REFERENCES 374
DISCUSSION 375
CHAPTER 24. A SURVEY OF EXPERIMENTAL HYDROLOGIC OPTICS 376
REFERENCES 399
BIBLIOGRAPHY 399
CHAPTER 25. ASYMPTOTIC RADIATION IN A SCATTERING AND ABSORBING MEDIUM 402
I. INTRODUCTION 402
II. THEORY 402
III. EXPERIMENTAL STUDY 406
REFERENCES 413
DISCUSSION 413
SESSION V: SOLID TRANSPARENT MEDIA 416
CHAPTER 26. RADIATIVE TRANSPORT IN HOT GLASS 418
I. INTRODUCTION 418
II. RADIATIVE HEAT CONDUCTIVITY 420
III. INFRARED ABSORPTION OF GLASS 421
IV. PROPERTIES OF EQUILIBRIUM RADIATION 423
V. HEAT TRANSFER WITH COMBINED MOLECULAR CONDUCTIVITY AND RADIATION TRANSFER 425
VI. SPECIAL RESULTS FOR THE PLANE SLAB 430
REFERENCES 434
SESSION VI: PLASMA 436
CHAPTER 27. PLASMA INTRODUCTORY REMARKS 438
CHAPTER 28. RADIATION FROM PLASMAS 440
CHAPTER 29. VACUUM ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION FROM PLASMAS 444
I. INTRODUCTION 444
II. VUV PLASMA SPECTROSCOPY 445
III. INSTRUMENTATION 449
IV. ABSOLUTE INTENSITY MEASUREMENTS 451
REFERENCES 452
DISCUSSION 452
CHAPTER 30. LABORATORY SIMULATION OF HIGHLY RADIATIVE PLASMAS 454
I. INTRODUCTION 454
II. ARC MODELS 455
III. EXPERIMENTAL ARRANGEMENTS 456
IV. RAPID SCANNING SPECTROMETERS 465
V. SUMMARY 470
REFERENCES 470
CHAPTER 31. RADIANT HEAT FLUX DISTRIBUTION IN A CYLINDRICALLY-SYMMETRIC NONISOTHERMAL GAS WITH TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT ABSORPTION COEFFICIENT 472
I. INTRODUCTION 472
II. ANALYSIS 473
III. RESULTS 479
REFERENCES 486
NOMENCLATURE 486
DISCUSSION 487
CHAPTER 32. A QUANTITATIVE EXAMINATION OF THE LTE CONDITION IN THE EFFLUENT OF AN ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE ARGON PLASMA JET 488
I. INTRODUCTION 488
II. METHOD 489
III. EXPERIMENTAL 494
IV. RESULTS 497
V. CALCULATIONS OF INTEREST 501
VI. SUMMARY 504
REFERENCES 504
DISCUSSION 505
CHAPTER 33. RADIATIVE PROPERTIES OF MODEL GASES FOR APPLICATIONS IN RADIATIVE ENERGY TRANSFER 506
I. INTRODUCTION 506
II. THE PLANCK FUNCTION AND SAHA EQUATION 509
III. LINE RADIATION 511
IV. BAND RADIATION 514
V. CONTINUUM RADIATION 516
VI. NUMERICAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 518
NOMENCLATURE 524
REFERENCES 524
DISCUSSION 525
SESSION VII: SHORT COMMUNICATIONS 526
CHAPTER 34. DIFFUSE REFLECTION AND TRANSMISSION BY CLOUD AND DUST LAYERS 528
I. INTRODUCTION 528
II. THE PHASE FUNCTION 528
III. TRADITIONAL METHODS 529
IV. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS 531
V. ABSORPTION BANDS 537
REFERENCES 542
CHAPTER 35. ON THE X- AND F-FUNCTIONS AND GREEN'S FUNCTION FOR A FINITE SLAB 544
I. INTRODUCTION 544
II. TRANSFER EQUATION 545
III. EXISTING ANALYSIS 546
IV. EXTENSION 548
V. SUMMARY 550
REFERENCES 550
CHAPTER 36. VOLTERRA KERNELS—A GENERALIZATION OF THE CONVOLUTION INTEGRAL FOR SOLVING NONLINEAR SYSTEMS 552
INTRODUCTION 552
CONDITIONS FOR A CLASS OF NONLINEAR DIFFERENTIAL 552
LINEAR, ZERO MEMORY AND SEPARABLE NONLINEAR SYSTEMS 553
THEOREM ON A CLASS OF NONSEPARABLE NONLINEAR SYSTEMS 555
RECURRENCE RELATIONS FOR OBTAINING THE VOLTERRA KERNELS 556
CONCLUSIONS AND DISCUSSION 557
REFERENCES 558
CHAPTER 37. EFFECTS OF NON-GREY SELF-ABSORPTION AND ENERGY LOSS FOR BLUNT BODY FLOWS 560
REFERENCES 567
DISCUSSION 567
SESSION VIII: SHOCK WAVES 570
CHAPTER 38. SHOCK WAVES INTRODUCTORY REMARKS 572
CHAPTER 39. RADIATIVE SHOCK STRUCTURE—THEORY AND OBSERVATIONS 574
SUPPLEMENTARY REMARKS ON ITEM (4) 585
NOMENCLATURE 586
REFERENCES 587
DISCUSSION 587
CHAPTER 40. EFFECT OF LINE RADIATION ON PRECURSOR IONIZATION 590
I. INTRODUCTION 590
II. THE PHYSICAL MODEL 591
III. ONE-DIMENSIONAL CONSERVATION EQUATIONS 592
IV. THE EQUATION OF RADIATIVE TRANSFER 596
V. CROSS-SECTIONS AND RATE COEFFICIENTS 597
VI. PRECURSOR PROFILES OF STRONG NORMAL SHOCK WAVES 600
REFERENCES 612
DISCUSSION 612
CHAPTER 41. ON MULTIFLUIDS DESCRIPTION OF SHOCK STRUCTURE WITH RADIATION 614
I. INTRODUCTION 614
II. BASIC EQUATION 614
III. EFFECTS OF NON-ELASTIC COLLISIONS 617
IV. REDUCTION OF THE BASIC EQUATIONS 621
V. SCHEME OF NUMERICAL INTEGRATION 623
REFERENCES 626
CHAPTER 42. RADIATION COUPLED CHEMICAL NONEQUILIBRIUM NORMAL SHOCK WAVES 628
I. INTRODUCTION 628
II. FLUID MECHANICS, RADIATION PROPERTIES, RADIATIVE TRANSFER AND CHEMISTRY 629
III. INTEGRATION OF THE CHEMICAL NONEQUILIBRIUM EQUATION 634
IV. THE OPTICALLY THIN PROBLEM 643
V. THE ABSORPTION PROBLEM 646
LIST OF SYMBOLS AND NOTATION 651
REFERENCES 652
APPENDIX A: CHEMICAL REACTIONS 653
APPENDIX B: TREATMENT OF COMPLEX AND IDENTICAL EIGENVALUES 654
APPENDIX C: PROOF OF CONVERGENCE 658
DISCUSSION 659
CHAPTER 43. RADIATION SMOOTHING OF SHOCKS 660
I. INTRODUCTION 660
II. HYDRODYNAMIC EQUATIONS 661
III. RADIATION SMOOTHED SHOCKS 662
IV. FOUR CLASSES OF SHOCK STRENGTH 667
V. ELECTRON-ION THERMAL EQUILIBRATION 670
REFERENCES AND NOTES 674
APPENDIX: PROOF OF INEQUALITYT=T2 675
DISCUSSION 677

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 26.7.2017
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie ► Quantenphysik
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Bauwesen
• ISBN-13: 9781483157061 / 9781483157061