Gas Turbine Aero-Thermodynamics (eBook)

With Special Reference to Aircraft Propulsion

F. Whittle (Autor)

eBook Download: PDF

2013 | 1. Auflage
276 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-1-4832-9321-9 (ISBN)

Infos

For the first time simplified methods of dealing with gas turbine thermal cycles, and further theoretical innovations, have been embodied into a concise textbook. All the major aspects of the subject are covered in a comprehensive and lucid manner. Examples are included for greater clarity

Inhalt

Front Cover 1
Gas Turbine Aero-Thermodynamics: With Special Reference to Aircraft Propulsion 6
Copyright Page 7
Table of Contents 8
PREFACE 10
SECTION 1. Fundamentals 16
Basic Definitions and Laws 16
A Note on Entropy 17
Isentropic Compression or Expansion of a Perfect Gas 18
Important Relationships 19
The Momentum Equation for linear Compressible Flow 20
The Energy Equation for Compressible Flow 21
SECTION 2. Flux Density in Isentropic Compressible Flow 22
Additional Notatio 22
Flux Density Relationships 22
SECTION 3. Radial Equilibrium in Whirling Isentropic Compressible Flow 28
Example 3-1 30
Example 3-2 32
SECTION 4. A Method of Dealing with Shock Waves in Air 36
Part 1 — Normal Shock Waves 36
Introductory 36
The Efficiency of Shock Compression 43
Summary 45
Part 2. Oblique Shock Waves 45
Introductory 45
Discussion 45
Check 54
SECTION 5. Isentropic Flow Through Nozzles 58
Nozzles in Series 63
Case 1. Two Choking Nozzles in Series with Energy Extraction between them 64
Case 2. Three Choking Nozzles in Series with Energy Extraction after the First and Second 67
Case 3. A Non-Choking Nozzle in Series with a Choking Nozzle with Energy Extraction between them 68
Case 4. Choking Nozzle in Series with a Non-Choking Nozzle with Energy Extraction between them 71
Case 5. Two Non-Choking Nozzles in Series with Energy Extraction Between them 73
Case 6. Relative Movement between Nozzles 75
SECTION 6. Representation of Thermal Cycles for Perfect Gases 78
SECTION 7. Gas Turbine Cycle Calculations Using Approximate Methods 82
The Brayton Cycle With No Losses 82
F.W. Representation of the Ideal Brayton Cycle 85
Representation of the Actual Cycle with Losses 85
SECTION 8. Turbo Gas Generators 90
Polytropic Efficiency 94
SECTION 9. Mass Flow Rate in Gas Turbines 98
SECTION 10. More on Part Load Performance of Gas Generators 104
Example 10-1 106
Example 10-2 106
Example 10-3 108
SECTION 11. Gas Turbines With Recuperators 110
SECTION 12. Turbo-Compressors and Turbines 116
Torque and Angular Momentum 116
Definition of Efficiencies 118
CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS 120
AXIAL FLOW COMPRESSORS 127
A Note on Cascade Tests 138
Multi-Stage Axial Flow Compressors 140
A Note on Axial Velocity 146
Characteristic Curves 147
Losses 147
A Note on Tip Clearance 148
TURBINES 148
General 148
Turbine Types 149
Calculation of End Thrust 157
Losses 157
SECTION 13. Aircraft Propulsion General 160
Introductory 160
International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) 161
Functions of Aircraft Power Plant 163
The Breguet Range Formula 164
Propulsion in Fluids 165
SECTION 14. 'Ram' Compression and Intake Design 168
Subsonic Intakes 169
Supersonic Intakes 170
Ramjets 171
SECTION 15. Combustion 176
Introductory 176
The Composition of the Atmosphere 176
Hydrocarbon Fuels 177
The Basic Chemistry of Combustion 178
Ignition and Flame Propagation 179
Fuel Injection 180
Soot Formation 180
Mixing of Secondary Air 181
Flame Stabilisation in the Primary Zone 181
Counter-flow Combustion Chambers 181
SECTION 16. The 'Straight' Turbo Jet 184
Variable Propelling Nozzles 195
SECTION 17. Effect on Cycle Calculations of More Accurate Methods 198
Introductory 198
Symbols and Suffixes Used 199
The Cycle Diagram 199
The Relationships between T, h, 8 and . 200
The Calculation of Fuel Mass m 200
Maximum Flux Density .t in Isentropic Flow through a Nozzle 201
Choking Nozzles in Series with Energy Extraction between them by the h—p Method 204
A Comparison between the F.W. Method and the h—p Method for the Straight Jet 207
SECTION 18. Calculation of Maximum Efficiency 216
SECTION 19. `Two Spool' Engines 220
SECTION 20. Thrust Boosting 224
Coolant Injection 224
After Burning 225
SECTION 21. Turbo Fans 232
Introductory 232
High Bypass Ratio Turbo-Fans 237
Off Design Conditions 244
Low Bypass Turbo Fans with Exhaust Mixing 256
SECTION 22. Effect of Height and Speed on Performance 262
SECTION 23. A Super Thrust Engine 274

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 22.10.2013
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie ► Angewandte Physik
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie ► Strömungsmechanik
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Bauwesen
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Luft- / Raumfahrttechnik
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Maschinenbau
• ISBN-10: 1-4832-9321-1 / 1483293211
• ISBN-13: 978-1-4832-9321-9 / 9781483293219