Introduction to Marine Geology (eBook)

M. J. Keen (Autor)

J. A. Jacobs (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2017 | 1. Auflage
228 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
9781483293493 (ISBN)

Infos

An account of some aspects of marine geology and marine geophysics, comprehensible to those at an early stage in their study of geology and to scientists who are not specialists in these fields. There are many biologists, chemists, mathematicians or physicists who work in the laboratory or on board ship with geologists and geophysicists and this book will help them to understand the aims of their colleages' experiments. Wherever possible, without a loss of necessary precision, terminology is deliberately simplified.

Inhalt

Front Cover 1
An Introduction to Marine Geology 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 6
Preface 8
Acknowledgements 10
CHAPTER 1. Introduction 12
THE GROSS STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH 12
THE ROCKS WHICH FORM THE OUTER PART OF THE EARTH 14
ROCK-FORMING MINERALS 17
IGNEOUS ROCKS 20
A CLASSIFICATION OF IGNEOUS ROCKS 21
CHAPTER 2. Geophysical Techniques for Exploration of the Sea Floor 24
INTRODUCTION 24
EXPLOSION SEISMOLOGY 25
REFLECTIONS: ECHO-SOUNDING AND SEISMIC-PROFILING 26
SEISMOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS: EARTHQUAKES 33
GRAVITY AT SEA 35
THE TOTAL INTENSITY OF THE MAGNETIC FIELDOF THE EARTH 39
MEASUREMENT OF HEAT-FLOW 42
OTHER METHODS AND DEVELOPMENTS 45
CHAPTER 3. The Topography of the Ocean Floor 46
THE CONTINENTAL MARGIN 46
THE OCEAN BASIN FLOOR 56
MID-OCEAN RIDGE SYSTEM 61
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF TOPOGRAPHY 63
CHAPTER 4. Pelagic Sediments 64
INTRODUCTION AND DEFINITIONS 64
FAUNA AND FLORA 66
DETERMINATION OF THE ABSOLUTE AGE 73
MAGNETIZATION OF SEDIMENTS: MAGNETIC STRATIGRAPHY 80
MINERALOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY OF PELAGIC SEDIMENTS 81
APPLICATIONS OF STUDIES OF PELAGIC SEDIMENTS 86
CHAPTER 5. Abyssal Plain Sediments 91
INTRODUCTION 91
THE SEDIMENTS OF THE IBERIA ABYSSAL PLAIN 93
THE JUNCTION OF THE BISCAY AND IBERIA PLAINS 98
TURBIDITES OF FORMER TIMES 98
CHAPTER 6. Movements of the Sea Floor 102
THE INTEREST 102
CORAL REEFS AND GUYOTS 103
SUBSIDENCE AND ELEVATION 111
LATERAL DISPLACEMENTS: MAGNETIC ANOMALIES IN THE EASTERN PART OF THE PACIFIC OCEAN 115
CHAPTER 7. Igneous Rochof the Ocean Basins 119
BASIC AND ULTRABASIC IGNEOUS ROCKS 119
IGNEOUS ROCKS OF THE OCEAN BASINS 126
OCEANIC ISLANDS 127
IGNEOUS ROCKS FROM THE MID-OCEAN RIDGES 131
BASALTS FROM THE IBERIA ABYSSAL PLAIN 135
MANGANESE IN THE OCEAN BASINS 138
INHOMOGENEITIES WITHIN THE UPPER MANTLE 142
SUMMARY 148
CHAPTER 8. The Structure of the Ocean Basins 149
THE MID-OCEAN RIDGE SYSTEM 149
THE CONTINENTAL MARGINS 177
CHAPTER 9. Polar Wandering and Continental Drift 193
CONTINENTAL DRIFT: OCEAN-FLOOR SPREADING 199
APPENDIX 1: Geological Society ofLondon PhanerozoicTime-scale 1964 205
APPENDIX 2: Rock-forming Silicates 206
References 214
Index 228

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 31.1.2017
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Geografie / Kartografie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Geologie
• Themenwelt: Technik
• ISBN-13: 9781483293493 / 9781483293493