Chemistry of Cationic Polymerization (eBook)

P. H. Plesch (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2016 | 1. Auflage
744 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-1-4832-2599-9 (ISBN)

Infos

The Chemistry of Cationic Polymerization covers the fundamental aspects of organic chemistry that provide significant insights into the many facets of cationic polymerization processes and products. Each chapter deals with individual and groups of monomers. Considerable chapters examine the chemistry of oxygen compounds. Other chapters describe the techniques for cationic polymer analysis and detection. This text also considers sulfur compounds, particularly their polymerizations by radical and anionic mechanisms. The remaining chapters explore the polymerization and products of carbonium ions, related organic reactions and comparison with radical and anionic polymerizations, as well as the conspectus of kinetics and mechanism. This book is of great value to organic and polymer chemists.

Inhalt

Front Cover 1
The Chemistry of Cationic Polymerization 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 10
Dedication 6
Foreword 8
INTRODUCTION 12
CHAPTER 1. CARBONIUM IONS 18
1. CLASSICAL CARBONIUM IONS 20
2. THE EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE FOR CARBONIUM IONS 23
3. THE STABILITY OF CARBONIUM IONS 32
4. CARBONIUM IONS FROM OLEFINS 49
5. NON-CLASSICAL CARBONIUM IONS 55
REFERENCES 57
CHAPTER 2. ORGANIC REACTIONS RELATED TO CATIONIC POLYMERIZATION 60
1. INTRODUCTION 62
2. THE FORMATION OF CARBONIUM IONS 63
3. THE REACTIONS OF CARBONIUM IONS WITH ANIONSAND RELATED NUCLEOPHILIC REAGENTS 74
4. THE ELIMINATION REACTIONS OF CARBONIUM IONS 76
5. THE REACTIONS OF CARBONIUM IONS WITH BONDED HYDROGEN ATOMS 80
6. THE REARRANGEMENTS OF CARBONIUM IONS 83
7. ADDITION OF CARBONIUM IONS TO OLEFINS ANDITS CONVERSE - CATIONIC FRAGMENTATION REACTIONS 96
8. THE REACTIONS OF CARBONIUM IONSWITH AROMATIC COMPOUNDS 104
9. CONCLUSIONS 110
REFERENCES 110
CHAPTER 3. A COMPARISON OF THE RADICAL, CATIONIC AND ANIONIC MECHANISMS OF ADDITION POLYMERIZATION 116
1. THE PRINCIPAL CHAIN MECHANISMS 118
2. CATALYSTS, INITIATORS AND CHAIN INITIATION 120
3. THE GROWTH REACTION 124
4. COMPETITIVE PROCESSES 127
6. DIAGNOSIS OF REACTION MECHANISM 146
REFERENCES 151
7. APPENDIX 155
REFERENCES TO APPENDIX 156
CHAPTER 4. ISOBUTENE 158
1. INTRODUCTION 160
2. THE PECULIARITY OF ISOBUTENE 160
3. THE STRUCTURE OF POLYISOBUTENE 162
4. CATALYTIC SYSTEMS 164
5. KINETIC INVESTIGATIONS 169
REFERENCES 212
6. APPENDIX 214
CHAPTER 5. ALIPHATIC MONO-OLEFINS OTHER THAN ISOBUTENE 226
1. INTRODUCTION 228
2. INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS 228
3. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 229
4. KINETIC STUDIES 230
5. MISCELLANEOUS STUDIES 240
6. MECHANISMS OF REACTION 245
REFERENCES 247
APPENDIX 249
CHAPTER 6. STYRENE 252
1. INTRODUCTION 254
2. THE FORMATION OF IONS FROM STYRENE 257
3. CO-CATALYSIS 258
4. THE OVERALL KINETICS, AND THE MJECHANISM0 F INITIATION AND PROPAGATION
5. TRANSFER AND TERMINATION PROCESSES AND THE DEGREE OF POLYMERIZATION 296
6. NOTE ON THE POLYMERIZATION OF RING-SUBSTITUTED STYRENES 315
REFERENCES 317
CHAPTER 7. AROMATIC COMPOUNDS OTHE RTHAN STYRENE 322
1. INTRODUCTION 324
2. .-METHYLSTYRENE 328
3. PROPENYLBENZENE,P-METHOXYPROPENYLBENZENE (ANETHOLE),a-ETHYLSTYRENE, AND a,ß-DIMETHYLSTYRENE 336
4. STILBENE 340
5. 1,1-DIPHENYLETHYLENE 345
6. INDENE 355
7. ACENAPHTHYLENE 358
8. 1,2-DIHYDRONAPHTHALENE 360
9. MISCELLANEOUS COMPOUNDS 361
REFERENCES 362
CHAPTER 8. POLYENES 366
1. INTRODUCTION 368
2. CONJUGATED DIOLEFINS 369
3. NON-CONJUGATED DIOLEFINS 380
4. MISCELLANEOUS MONOMERS AND POLYOLEFINS 382
5. CYCLIZATION A N D ISOMERIZATION OF UNSATURATEDPOLYMERS 385
6. CONCLUSION 388
REFERENCES 390
CHAPTER 9. VINYL ETHERS 392
1. INTRODUCTION 394
2. THE CATIONIC MECHANISM 396
3. THE KINETIC SCHEME 397
4. EXPERIMENTAL METHODS 398
5. LEWIS A C I D S AS CATALYSTS 399
6. CATALYTIC ACTION OF IODINE 402
7. THE SIDE CHAIN EFFECT 404
8. THE INTERHALOGEN COMPOUNDS AS CATALYSTS 406
9. BORON FLUORIDE AS CATALYST 407
10. LOW TEMPERATURE POLYMERIZATION 411
11. ZIEGLER CATALYSTS 413
12. ISOTACTIC POLYMERS FROM HOMOGENEOUS SYSTEMS 413
REFERENCES 415
CHAPTER 10. EPOXIDES 418
1. INTRODUCTION 420
2. BORON FLUORIDE COMPLEXES 422
3. POLYMERIZATION OF EPOXIDES BYBORON FLUORIDE 427
4. OTHER PRIEDEL-CRAFTS CATALYSTS 441
5. OTHER EPOXIDES 444
6. STEREOSPECIFIC POLYMERIZATION 444
CONCLUSION 445
REFERENCES 446
CHAPTER 11. CYCLIC OXYGEN COMPOUNDSOTHER THAN EPOXIDES 448
1. POLYMERIZABILITY OF CYCLIC ETHERS 450
2. POLYMERIZATION OF OXACYCLOB UTANES 451
3. POLYMERIZATION OF TETRAHYDROFU RAN 458
4. POLYMERIZATION OF OTHER CYCLIC ETHERSWITH 5-MEMBERED RINGS 461
5. MISCELLANEOUS COMPOUNDS 463
REFERENCES 465
6. APPENDIX 466
REFERENCES FOR APPENDIX 467
CHAPTER 12. MISCELLANEOUS OXYGEN COMPOUNDS 468
1. INTRODUCTION 470
2. FORMALDEHYDE 470
3. ACETALDEHYDE 478
4. HIGHER ALDEHYDES 485
5. UNSATURATED ALDEHYDES 486
6. KETONES 486
7. UNSATURATED ACETALS 487
8. KETENE ACETALS 487
9. KETENES 489
10. UNSATUR ATEDALCOHOLS 490
REFERENCES 490
11. APPENDIX 492
REFERENCES 493
CHAPTER 13. SULPHUR COMPOUNDS 494
1. INTRODUCTION 496
2. POLYMERIZATION OF VINYL SULPHIDES 496
3. POLYMERIZATION OF CYCLIC SULPHIDES 504
4. CO-POLYMERIZATION OF CYCLIC SULPHIDES 510
5. POLYCONDENSATION REACTIONS 511
6. POLYMERIZATION OF CYCLIC DISULPHIDES 514
7. CO-POLYMERIZATION OF CYCLIC DISULPHIDES 520
8. CONCLUSION 521
9. APPENDIX 521
REFERENCES 527
CHAPTER 14. NITROGEN COMPOUNDS 530
1. CHEMISTRY OF OLEFIN IMINES 532
2. POLYMERIZATION OF OLEFIN IMINES 538
3. N-ETHYLENE AMIDES AND AMIDINES 551
4. TRIMETHYLENEIMINE AND RELATED COMPOUNDS 553
5. CHEMISTRY OF VINYL AMINES 554
6. POLYMERIZATION OF VINYL AMINES 559
7. POLYMERIZATION OF HETEROCYCLIC ENEAMINES 560
8. VINYLPYRIDINES 561
9. VINYL AMIDES AND LACTAMS 561
10. SUMMARY 562
REFERENCES 563
CHAPTER 15. CO-POLYMERIZATION 566
1. INTRODUCTION 568
2. THE CO-POLYMERIZATION EQUATION 568
3. THE RELATION BETWEEN THE COMPOSITIONOF THE MONOMER MIXTURE AND OF THE CO-POLYMER 573
4. CO-POLYMERIZATION IN SYSTEMSOF MORE THAN TWO MONOMERS 575
5. REVIEW OF WORK ON CATIONIC CO-POLYMERIZATION 575
6. THE REACTIVITY OF MONOMERS 591
7. THE KINETICS OF CO-POLYMERIZATION 599
8. MISCELLANEOUS REACTIONS 604
9. SUMMARY 608
REFERENCES 608
10. APPENDIX 611
CHAPTER 16. CATIONIC REACTIONS OF POLYMERSANDCATIONIC GRAFT POLYMERIZATION 614
1. CATIONIC REACTIONS ON HIGH POLYMERS 616
2. CATIONIC GRAFT POLYMERIZATION 623
REFERENCES 626
CHAPTER 17. CATIONIC POLYMERIZATIONS INDUCEDBY HIGH ENERGY RADIATION 628
1. INTRODUCTION 630
2. RADIATION INDUCED POLYMERIZATIONOF ISOBUTENE 636
3. SUSPECTED IONIC POLYMERIZATIONOF OTHER MONOMERS 660
REFERENCES 685
CHAPTER 18. EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES 690
1. INTRODUCTION 692
2. PURIFICATION OF MATERIALS AND CRITERIAOF PURITY 692
3. DRYING METHODS 699
4. APPARATUS FOR POLYMERIZATION 702
REFERENCES 704
COMPOUND INDEX 706
SUBJECT INDEX 720
NAME INDEX 729

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 11.1.2016
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Chemie ► Organische Chemie
• Themenwelt: Technik
• ISBN-10: 1-4832-2599-2 / 1483225992
• ISBN-13: 978-1-4832-2599-9 / 9781483225999