Diffraction (eBook)

Coherence in Optics

M. Francon (Autor)

W. Ashhurst, L. L. Green (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2013 | 1. Auflage
150 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-1-4831-8572-9 (ISBN)

Infos

Diffraction: Coherence in Optics presents a detailed account of the course on Fraunhofer diffraction phenomena, studied at the Faculty of Science in Paris. The publication first elaborates on Huygens' principle and diffraction phenomena for a monochromatic point source and diffraction by an aperture of simple form. Discussions focus on diffraction at infinity and at a finite distance, simplified expressions for the field, calculation of the path difference, diffraction by a rectangular aperture, narrow slit, and circular aperture, and distribution of luminous flux in the airy spot. The book then examines Fourier transformation and diffraction by several apertures. The manuscript takes a look at extended luminous sources and objects and diffraction phenomena in perfect optical instruments. Topics include diffraction gratings, phase contrast, apodization, filtering spatial frequencies, relation between the length of wave trains and the spectral width of the emitted radiations, successive wave trains emitted by an atom, and vibrations with different frequencies from a single atom. The manuscript also reviews diffraction phenomena in real optical instruments, including diffraction in the case of a spherical wave and diffraction spot in the presence of aberrations. The publication is a dependable reference for readers interested in diffraction phenomena.

Inhalt

Front Cover 1
Diffraction: Coherence in Optics 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 6
Preface 10
CHAPTER I. Huygens' Principle and Diffraction Phenomena for a Monochromatic Point Source 12
1.1 Diffraction at infinity and at a finite distance 12
1.2 Light vibrations 14
1.3 The Huygens–Fresnel principle 18
1.4 Simplified expressions for the field 20
1.5 Calculation of the path difference 21
1.6 The general expression for the luminous intensity at P' 23
CHAPTER II. Diffraction by an Aperture of Simple Form 25
2.1 Diffraction by a rectangular aperture 25
2.2 Diffraction by a narrow slit 30
2.3 Diffraction by a circular aperture 32
2.4 The asymptotic expansion for large values of . 36
2.5 The distribution of luminous flux in the Airy spot 37
CHAPTER III. The Fourier Transformation 40
3.1 The representation of a periodic function by a Fourier series 40
3.2 The Fourier integral 41
3,3 Some Fourier transforms 43
3.4 General properties connecting the wave surface with the diffraction pattern 49
CHAPTER IV. Diffraction by Several Apertures 54
4.1 Diffraction by several apertures identical in shape and orientation 54
4.2 Diffraction by a large number of apertures, identical in shape and orientation, irregularly distributed over the diaphragm 55
4.3 Complementary screens. Babinet's theorem 57
4.4 Diffraction by two identical slits 59
4.5 Diffraction by three identical slits 61
4.6 Diffraction by many slits 62
CHAPTER V. Extended Luminous Sources and Objects.Coherence 66
5.1 Spatial coherence and time-coherence 66
5.2 The relation between the length of wave trains and the spectral width of the emitted radiations. Coherence length and coherence time 70
5.3 The vibratíon emitted by an atom. The variation in the complex amplitude of the vibration during a wave train 76
5.4 The successive wave trains emitted by an atom 82
5.5 Vibrations from two different atoms which radiate the same mean frequency Vo (quasi-monochromatic light) 84
5.6 Vibrations with different frequencies from a single atom 89
5.7 Vibrations with the same frequency from a single atom 91
5.8 The representation of the emission of an incoherent light source 92
5.9 The influence of tíme-coherence on diffraction phenomena. The diffraction spot in quasi-monochromatic light 94
5.10 Spatially coherent and incoherent objects 102
5.11 The image of an extended object illuminated with spatially incoherent light 103
5.12 The image of an extended object illuminated with spatially coherent light 107
CHAPTER VI. Diffraction Phenomena in Perfect Optical Instruments 111
6.1 Resolving power and the limit of perception in optical instruments 111
6.2 Diffraction gratings 118
6.3 Phase contrast 128
6.4 Dark ground method 132
6.5 Apodization 133
6.6 Filtering spatial frequencies (incoherent object) 134
CHAPTER VII. Diffraction Phenomena in Real Optical Instruments 139
7.1 Diffraction in the case of a spherical wave 139
7.2 Diffraction pattern when there is a focusing error 142
7.3 Precision of focusing with an optical instrument 144
7.4 Diffraction spot in the presence of aberrations 145
Bibliography 148
Index 152

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 22.10.2013
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie ► Optik
• Themenwelt: Technik
• ISBN-10: 1-4831-8572-9 / 1483185729
• ISBN-13: 978-1-4831-8572-9 / 9781483185729