Solid State Nuclear Track Detection (eBook)

Principles, Methods and Applications

R. K. Bull, S. A. Durrani (Autoren)

D. ter Haar (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2013 | 1. Auflage
318 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-1-4831-4751-2 (ISBN)

Infos

Solid State Nuclear Track Detection: Principles, Methods and Applications is the second book written by the authors after Nuclear Tracks in Solids: Principles and Applications. The book is meant as an introduction to the subject solid state of nuclear track detection. The text covers the interactions of charged particles with matter; the nature of the charged-particle track; the methodology and geometry of track etching; thermal fading of latent damage trails on tracks; the use of dielectric track recorders in particle identification; radiation dossimetry; and solid state nuclear track detection instrumentation. The book also covers fission track dating, and the application of track detectors and its future direction. The selection is recommended for newcomers to the field of solid state nuclear track detection and its research, those who wish to acquire a basic knowledge of the techniques of the discipline, and those who wish to gain a general view of the present status of the subject.

Inhalt

Front Cover 1
Solid State Nuclear Track Detection: Principles, Methods and Applications 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 12
Preface 6
Chapter 1. Introduction to Nuclear Track Detectors 16
1.1 Cloud, Bubble and Spark Chambers 19
1.2 Nuclear Emulsions 23
1.3 Silver Halide Crystals 23
1.4 Etchable Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors (SSNTDs) 25
Chapter 2. Interactions of Charged Particles with Matter 28
2.1 Nuclear Collision Losses 29
2.2 Electronic Energy Losses 30
2.3 Direct Production of Atomic Displacements 34
2.4 Secondary Electrons 34
2.5 Range-Energy Relations 35
Chapter 3. The Nature of Charged-Particle Tracks and Some Possible Track Formation Mechanisms in Insulating Solids 38
3.1 Radiation Damage in Solids 38
3.2 Track-storing Materials 41
3.3 Track-forming Particles: Criteria for Track Formation 42
3.4 Experimental Studies on the Size and Structure of Latent-Damage Trails 48
3.5 Critical Appraisal of Track Formation Models 54
Chapter 4. Track Etching: Methodology and Geometry 63
4.1 Track Etching Recipes 64
4.2 Track Etching Qeometry 66
4.3 Some Special Techniques for Track Parameter Measurements 102
4.4 Environmental Effects on Track Etching 104
Chapter 5. Thermal Fading of Latent Damage Trails 111
5.1 The Nature of the Annealing Process 111
5.2 The Effects of Pre-annealing on the Etched Tracks 113
5.3 Typical Annealing Temperatures for Fission Tracks in Various Materials 116
5.4 Closing Temperatures 118
5.5 Annealing Correction Methods 125
5.6 Track Seasoning 126
Chapter 6. The Use of Dielectric Track Recorders in Particle Identification 129
6.1 Calibration 130
6.2 Charge Assignment 139
6.3 Low-energy Particles 140
6.4 Charge and Mass Resolution 141
6.5 Some Applications of Particle Identification Techniques 142
6.6 The Ancient Cosmic Rays 151
Chapter 7. Radiation Dosimetry and SSNTD Instrumentation 159
7.1 Neutron Dosimetry 160
7.2 Alpha Particle Dosimetry and Radon Measurements 176
7.3 Charged Particles other than Alphas 182
7.4 SSNTD Instrumentation: Automatic Evaluation and Methods of Track Image Enhancement 184
Chapter 8. Fission Track Dating 214
8.1 Radioactive Dating 214
8.2 The Fission Track Age Equation 215
8.3 Practical Steps in Obtaining a Fission Track Age 218
8.4 The Interpretation of Fission Track Ages 224
8.5 Neutron Dosimetry, Fission Decay Constant of 238U, and Age Standards 227
8.6 Annealing Corrections 233
8.7 Fission Track Dating of Lunar Samples and Meteorites 238
8.8 244Pu Fission Tracks in Very Ancient Samples 245
8.9 Fission Track Dating in Archaeology 251
8.10 Errors in Fission Track Dating 254
Chapter 9. Further Applications of Track Detectors and Some Directions for the Future 260
9.1 Applications to Nuclear Physics 260
9.2 Elemental Distributions and Biological Applications 265
9.3 Extraterrestrial Samples 272
9.4 Track Detectors in Teaching 275
9.5 Future Developments in Etched Track Techniques and Their Applications 277
9.6 Epilogue 281
Appendix 1: A program to calculate the range and energy-loss rate of charged particles in stopping media 290
Subject Index 300
Titles in the Series 316

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 22.10.2013
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie ► Atom- / Kern- / Molekularphysik
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie ► Quantenphysik
• Themenwelt: Technik
• ISBN-10: 1-4831-4751-7 / 1483147517
• ISBN-13: 978-1-4831-4751-2 / 9781483147512