Crystallization and Precipitation (eBook)

Proceedings of the International Symposium, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, 5-7 October 1987

M O Klein, L A Melis, G L Strathdee (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2016 | 1. Auflage
332 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-1-4831-9110-2 (ISBN)

Infos

Crystallization and Precipitation is a collection of papers that discusses the advancement in crystallization and precipitation technology. The titles assess the relative state of evolution of the science, engineering and practice in crystallization and precipitation. The coverage of the text includes chemical reactor approach to crystallizer analysis; uranium refining by uranyl nitrate hexahydrate crystallization; and valorization of liquid effluents by crystallization of sodium sulfate. The selection also covers precipitation of ferric arsenate from acid solutions; precipitation of silver on natural and synthetic sulphides theory and prospects of industrial use; and precipitation and its alternatives in the hydrometallurgy of gold. The book will be of great use to researchers and professionals who utilizes the mineral processes of crystallization and precipitation.

Inhalt

Front Cover 1
Crystallization and Precipitation 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 6
Foreword 10
ISCAP '87 Organizing Committee 11
Welcome to the International Symposium on Crystallization and Precipitation 12
Chapter 1. Chemical Reactor Approach to Crystallizer Analysis 14
ABSTRACT 14
KEYWORDS 14
INTRODUCTION 14
MSMPR CRYSTALLIZATION STUDIES OF SODIUM CHLORIDE 15
PILOT SCALE CRYSTALLIZATION STUDIES 16
SCALE UP OF SECONDARY NUCLEATION KINETICS 21
DISCUSSION 21
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 22
REFERENCES 22
Chapter 2. Feedback Control of a Laboratory Scale Potash Crystallizer 24
ABSTRACT 24
KEYWORDS 24
INTRODUCTION 24
BACKGROUND 25
THE APPARATUS 26
ANALYSIS 28
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 28
CONCLUSIONS 32
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 33
NOTATION 33
REFERENCES 33
Chapter 3. Low Temperature Crystallization of Potassium Chloride using the Natural Climate of Saskatchewan: Computer Modelling of a Pond Crystallizer 34
ABSTRACT 34
KEYWORDS 34
INTRODUCTION 34
COOLING POND MODEL 35
SYSTEM GOVERNING EQUATIONS 38
COMPUTER SIMULATION, SAMPLE CASE AND DISCUSSION 40
CONCLUSION 43
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 43
REFERENCES 44
Chapter 4. Freeze-Out Precipitation of Salts in Saline Lakes - Examples from Western Canada 46
ABSTRACT 46
KEYWORDS 46
INTRODUCTION 46
ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING 47
THE SALINE, ALKALINE LAKES 47
CONCLUSIONS 54
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 54
REFERENCES 55
Chapter 5. Multivariate Control Strategies for Design of Continuous Crystallization Processes 56
ABSTRACT 56
Chapter 6. Convective Effects on Secondary Nucleation and Growth 58
ABSTRACT 58
KEYWORDS 58
INTRODUCTION 58
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 59
CONCLUSIONS 63
LITERATURE CITED 64
Chapter 7. The Structural Effects of pH on Concentrated Aqueous Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate by Laser Raman Spectroscopy 66
ABSTRACT 66
KEYWORDS 66
INTRODUCTION 66
EXPERIMENTAL 67
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 67
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 72
REFERENCES 72
Chapter 8. Crystallization Kinetics of Potassium Sulphate in a1 m3 Batch Cooling Crystallizer 74
ABSTRACT 74
KEYWORDS 74
INTRODUCTION 74
THEORY 75
EXPERIMENTAL 76
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 78
CONCLUSIONS 82
SYMBOLS USED 82
REFERENCES 83
Chapter 9. Solute Clusters Formation in Supersaturated Solutions 84
ABSTRACT 84
KEYWORDS 84
INTRODUCTION 84
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE 86
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 86
REFERENCES 90
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 90
Chapter 10. Distribution of Impurities in Potassium Chloride Crystals from Multiple Stage Crystallizers 92
ABSTRACT 92
KEYWORDS 92
INTRODUCTION 92
EXPERIMENTAL 93
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 93
CONCLUSIONS 99
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 99
REFERENCES 99
Chapter 11. Salting Out of Potassium Sulphate from Na-K-C1-SO4-H2O System by the Addition of Solid Potassium Chloride 100
ABSTRACT 100
Chapter 12. Hydrogen Chloride and Hydrogen Bromide Sparging Crystallization of Chloride and Bromide Metal Salts 102
ABSTRACT 102
KEYWORDS 102
INTRODUCTION 102
PROCEDURE 104
PRECISION AND ACCURACY 105
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 106
SUMMARY 110
REFERENCES 111
Chapter 13. Recycling of Cover Salt in the Secondary Aluminium Industry 112
ABSTRACT 112
KEYWORDS 112
INTRODUCTION 112
THE PROCESS 114
ACTUAL FIGURES TO ECONOMY 120
REFERENCES 121
Chapter 14. Sodium Sulfate Crystallization 122
ABSTRACT 122
KEYWORDS 122
ANHYDROUS SODIUM SULFATE CRYSTALLIZATION 123
GLAUBER'S SALT CRYSTALLIZATION 128
SUMMARY 129
REFERENCES 129
Chapter 15. Valorization of Liquid Effluents by Crystallization of Sodium Sulfate 130
ABSTRACT 130
KEYWORDS 130
1 - INTRODUCTION 131
2 - PURIFICATION - CRYSTALLIZATION PROCESS 133
3 - INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION - EQUIPMENT CHARACTERISTICS 134
4 - CONCLUSIONS 137
REFERENCES 138
Chapter 16. Crystallization in Continuous Surface Cooled Crystallizers 140
ABSTRACT 140
KEYWORDS 140
WHEN TO USE SURFACE COOLED CRYSTALLIZATION 142
DESIGN OF SURFACE COOLED CRYSTALLIZERS 142
DESIGN OF SURFACE COOLED CRYSTALLIZERS 143
OPERATION OF SURFACE COOLED CRYSTALLIZERS 143
OPERATION OF SURFACE COOLED CRYSTALLIZERS 144
OPERATION OF A CONTINUOUS POTASH SURFACE COOLED CRYSTALLIZER 144
OPERATION OF A CONTINUOUS POTASH SURFACE COOLED CRYSTALLIZER 145
OPERATION OF A CONTINUOUS NaCLO3 SURFACE COOLED CRYSTALLIZER 147
OPERATION OF A CONTINUOUS GLAUBERS SALT SURFACE COOLED CRYSTALLIZER 147
OTHER TYPES OF CONTINUOUS SURFACE COOLED CRYSTALLIZERS 148
SUMMARY 148
Chapter 17. Counter Current Crystallization for Potash 150
ABSTRACT 150
KEYWORDS 150
INTRODUCTION 150
Chapter 18. Operation of a Byproduct Ammonium Sulphate Plant at Sherritt Gordon Mines Limited 160
ABSTRACT 160
Chapter 19. Hydrogen Peroxide Precipitation of Uranium in the Rabbit Lake Mill 162
ABSTRACT 162
KEYWORDS 162
INTRODUCTION 162
RABBIT LAKE MILL PROCESS SUMMARY 162
HYDROGEN PEROXIDE 163
URANIUM PRECIPITATION WITH HYDROGEN PEROXIDE 163
ADVANTAGES OF PEROXIDE PRECIPITATION 164
environmental regulations are enforced.CHOOSING A NEW PRECIPITATION METHOD 165
CIRCUIT DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT 166
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 169
REFERENCES 169
Chapter 20. Research, Development and Industrial Experience in Simo in the Precipitation of Ammonium Diuranate 172
ABSTRACT 172
KEWORDS 172
INTRODUCTION 172
1 - PROCESS SELECTION 172
1 - PROCESS 174
3 - INDUSTRIAL PROCESS 176
4. - DEVELOPMENT 178
5. - CONCLUSIONS 178
REFERENCES 178
Chapter 21. Case Studies of the Chemical Precipitation Processes at The Cluff Mining Uranium Mill 180
ABSTRACT 180
KEYWORDS 180
INTRODUCTION 180
BACKGROUND MONITORING OF IMPURITIES 184
IRON CAKE PRECIPITATION 185
YELLOW CAKE PRECIPITATION 187
DISCUSSIONS 193
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 194
REFERENCES 194
Chapter 22. Continuous Precipitation of Uranium Peroxide at the Lodeve Plant 196
ABSTRACT 196
KEYWORDS 196
1. INTRODUCTION 196
2. NEW PROCESS FOR THE TREATMENT OF URANIUM BEARING LIQUORS (FIGURE 1) 197
3. CONTINUOUS PRECIPITATION OF THE URANIUM PEROXIDE 199
4. CONCLUSIONS 202
REFERENCES 202
Chapter 23. Review of Metal Precipitation by Hydrogen Reduction 204
ABSTRACT 204
Chapter 24. Optimization of Hydrogen Peroxide Usage in Uranium Hydrometallurgy 206
ABSTRACT 206
Chapter 25. Solubilities and Stabilities of Ferric Arsenates 208
ABSTRACT 208
KEYWORDS 208
INTRODUCTION 208
EXPERIMENTAL 209
BASIC FERRIC ARSENATES 210
SOLUBILITY OF NATURAL SAMPLES 214
SOLUBILITY OF CRYSTALLINE SCORODITE 216
ESTIMATED FROM ORIGINAL SULFATE CONCENTRATION 217
CONCLUSIONS 221
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 222
REFERENCES 222
Chapter 26. Cation Precipitation from Complex Acidic Sulphate Solutions Using Lime 224
ABSTRACT 224
INTRODUCTION 224
UNDERLYING PROCESS CHEMISTRY 225
LIME PREPARATION 227
SELECTED APPLICATIONS 227
SUMMARY 233
REFERENCES 233
Chapter 27. Study of the State of Nickel and Arsenic in Uranium Mill Tailings 234
ABSTRACT 234
KEYWORDS 234
INTRODUCTION 234
EXPERIMENTAL 235
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 237
CONCLUSION 241
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 242
REFERENCES 242
Chapter 28. Prediction of Solubilities in Chemical Compound Precipitation Systems 244
ABSTRACT 244
KEYWORDS 244
INTRODUCTION 244
THEORY 245
SUMMARY 257
REFERENCES 257
Chapter 29. Precipitation and its Alternatives in the Hydrometallurgy of Gold 260
ABSTRACT 260
Chapter 30. Lime Scaling at Wastewater Treatment Facilities in the Noranda Group 262
ABSTRACT 262
KEYWORDS 262
INTRODUCTION 262
REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE 263
NORANDA GROUP EXPERIENCE 266
RECOMMENDATIONS 268
REFERENCES 268
Chapter 31. An Overview of Iron Precipitation in Hydrometallurgy 272
ABSTRACT 272
KEYWORDS 272
INTRODUCTION 272
THE FERRIC HYDROXIDE (Fe(OH)3) PROCESS 273
THE JAROSITE PROCESS 276
FUNDAMENTAL ASPECTS OF JAROSITE PRECIPITATION 279
THE GOETHITE (FeO.OH) PROCESS 283
THE HEMATITE (Fe2O3) PROCESS 287
CONVERSION OF IRON PRECIPITATES TO MARKETABLE PRODUCTS 291
CONCLUSIONS 292
REFERENCES 293
Chapter 32. Precipitation of Silver on Natural and Synthetic Sulphides Theory and Prospects of Industrial Use 298
ABSTRACT 298
KEYWORDS 298
INTRODUCTION AND AIM OF THE RESEARCH 298
CHEMISTRY 299
THE KINETICS OF SILVER FIXATION 303
FIXATION OF SILVER BY SPHALERITE CONTAINING IRON 304
CONCLUSION 308
REFERENCES 308
Chapter 33. Cementation of Gold onto Atomized Aluminium from Acid Thiourea Solutions 310
ABSTRACT 310
KEYWORDS 310
INTRODUCTION 310
CONCENTRATE DESCRIPTION 313
THIOUREA LEACHING 314
CEMENTATION ONTO ALUMINUM FROM SYNTHETIC LEACH SOLUTIONS 314
CEMENTATION ONTO ALUMINUM FROM PILOT PLANT SOLUTIONS 316
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY 319
REFERENCES 319
Chapter 34. Precipitation of Ferric Arsenate from Acid Solutions 320
ABSTRACT 320
Chapter 35 Uranium Refining by Uranyl Nitrate Hexahydrate Crystallization 322
ABSTRACT 322
KEYWORDS 322
INTRODUCTION 322
EXPERIMENTAL 324
RESULTS 326
OUTLOOK 328
REFERENCES 329
Keyword Index 330
Author Index 332

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 5.12.2016
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Chemie ► Technische Chemie
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Umwelttechnik / Biotechnologie
• ISBN-10: 1-4831-9110-9 / 1483191109
• ISBN-13: 978-1-4831-9110-2 / 9781483191102