Mono-Olefins (eBook)

Chemistry and Technology

F. Asinger (Autor)

eBook Download: PDF

2013 | 1. Auflage
1192 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-1-4831-6096-2 (ISBN)

Infos

Mono-Olefins: Chemistry and Technology is a translation from the German and deals with the study of olefins from low ethylene to hexenes and olefins from the high hexenes to eicosenes. The book describes the gaseous or low-boiling olefins and the higher, normally liquid olefins (which have only a minor role in applications in the chemical industry). The olefins are considered important as they are added in the distillation of off-gases in refineries. Although the liquid olefins are used sparingly, these are needed to manufacture lubricants, synthetic detergents, and the higher aliphatic alcohols. The book then explains the three processes used to separate olefin containing mixtures of gases into fractions by the C-number or to convert olefins in the pure state: distillation, absorption, and adsorption. The author then describes the processes in manufacturing carburetor fuel from petroleum and natural gases. Petroleum oil is a mixture of paraffinic, naphthenic, and aromatic hydrocarbons and has no olefins. The text describes the complete process of refining petroleum into different products such as gasoline, kerosene, lubricants, and spotting benzenes. Then the book explains the polymerization of olefins to produce carburetor fuels either by the thermal method or catalytic method. The text notes some research made into double-bond isomerization in mono-olefins and their possible applications. This book is beneficial to industrial chemists, researchers, technical designers, and engineers whose works are related with oil refinery and fossil fuels.

Inhalt

Front Cover 1
Mono-Olefins: 
4 
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 8
PREFACE TO THE ENGLISH EDITION 6
CHAPTER 1. 
26 
1. Introduction 26
II. The gaseous or low-boiling olefins 26
III. The gaseous mono-olefins 32
IV. The higher olefins 67
CHAPTER 2. The Direct Preparation of the Olefins 78
I. Introduction 78
II. The dehydrogenation of gaseous paraffinic hydrocarbons 81
III. The direct manufacture of gaseous olefins by the pyrolysis of lower and higher aliphatic hydrocarbons 115
IV. The direct manufacture of gaseous olefins by the pyrolysis of higher hydrocarbons, particularly petroleum and its fractions, without the simultaneous production of aromatic hydrocarbons 143
V. The direct manufacture of the gaseous olefins by the pyrolysis of aliphatic hydrocarbons, particularly petroleum and its fractions, with the simultaneous production of aromatic hydrocarbons 162
VI. The manufacture of ethylene by the partial hydrogenation of acetylene 195
VII. The manufacture of the lower olefins by the catalytic dehydration of alcohols 208
VIII. The manufacture of the higher olefins for their own sake 210
CHAPTER 3. The Concentration or Isolation of Olefins from Olefin-Containing Gases 243
I. General 243
II. The distillation processes 246
III. The concentration of aliphatic gaseous hydrocarbons and their separation according to C-number by the compression-absorption process (pressure oil wash) 271
IV. The removal of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbon-poor gases and their separation according to C-number continuously by the adsorption process 288
CHAPTER 4. The Manufacture of High-Efficiency Carburettor Fuels 332
I. Introduction 332
II. The thermal and catalytic cracking of petroleum and its fractions 352
CHAPTER 5. The Working Up of Lower, Normally Gaseous, Paraffins and Mono-Olefins to give Carburettor Fuels 443
I. Introduction 443
II. The polymerization of olefins to give carburettor fuels 450
III. The alkylation of the paraffins with olefins 486
IV. Reaction mechanism of the thermal and catalytic polymerization, cracking, alkylation, and isomerization processes 511
CHAPTER 6. The Chlorination of the Olefins 535
I. General (additive and substitutive chlorination) 535
II. The relationship between substitutive and additive chlorination 536
III. Substitutive chlorination 539
IV. The additive chlorination of the olefins 573
CHAPTER 7. The Hydration of Olefins to Alcohols 657
I. Hydration by means of sulphuric acid 657
II. The direct hydration of the olefins to alcohols with fixed-bed catalysts 689
III. The industrial uses of ethanol 692
IV. The manufacture of isopropanol by the hydration of propene using sulphuric acid 693
V. The direct hydration of propene by passing it with steam over fixed tungsten catalysts 705
VI. The dehydrogenation to ketones of the secondary alcohols obtainable by hydrating olefins 711
VII. The sulphation of the higher olefins 717
CHAPTER 8. Various Addition Reactions of the Olefins 734
CHAPTER 9. The Hydroformylation of the Olefins (ROELEN reaction Oxo reaction)
I. Introduction 814
II. General remarks on the Oxo reaction 817
III. The practical performance of the Oxo reaction 853
IV. Other reactions of olefins with carbon monoxide 873
CHAPTER 10. The Polymerization of the Mono-olefins to give Plastics and Lubricants 895
I. General 895
II. The polymerization of isobutene to polyisobutane (Vistanex, Oppanol B, and butyl rubber) 
896 
III. The polymerization of ethylene to polyethylene 903
IV. The polymerization of the mono-olefins to give lubricating oils 927
V. The polymerization of the higher olefins to lubricating oils 951
CHAPTER 11. The Alkylation of Aromatic Compounds with Olefins 
977 
I. General 977
II. The alkylation of aromatics with olefins in the presence of anhydrous aluminium chloride as catalyst 981
III. The manufacture of eumene by the catalytic alkylation of benzene with propene 1005
IV. The alkylation of aromatics for the manufacture of intermediates for synthetic detergents 1017
CHAPTER 12. Double-bond Isomerization in the Mono-olefins and its Practical Importance 1049
I. Introduction 1049
II. Possibilities of the spontaneous double-bond isomerization of olefins 1050
III. Possibilities of double-bond isomerization in the industrial manufacture of olefins 1069
IV. Possibilities of bond-isomerization during the chemical treatment of olefins 1094
V. Practical induction of bond-isomerization in order to improve the octanenumbers of olefinic carburettor fuels obtained by the thermal cracking of higher petroleum fractions 1121
VI. The "contra-thermodynamic" displacement of the double bond from the centre towards the end of the molecule. Conversion of olefins with internaldouble bonds into a-olefins 
1131 
Index 1144

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 22.10.2013
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Chemie ► Technische Chemie
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Bauwesen
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Umwelttechnik / Biotechnologie
• ISBN-10: 1-4831-6096-3 / 1483160963
• ISBN-13: 978-1-4831-6096-2 / 9781483160962