Genetics of Scots Pine (eBook)

M. Giertych, C. Matyas (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2017 | 1. Auflage
281 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-1-4832-9163-5 (ISBN)

Infos

Since the Scots pine species is most important in Eurasia, it was considered necessary to involve authors from as many countries as was possible including Eastern Europe and U.S.S.R. During the 18th IUFRO World Congress in Ljubljana, Yugoslavia, in September 1986, details were worked out for the contents of this book.This book is a truly international effort, prepared in the traditional IUFRO spirit of selfless co-operation. In all, 24 authors from 9 countries are involved. Each chapter was reviewed by two editors from two different countries.

Inhalt

Front Cover 1
Genetics of Scots Pine 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 8
Preface 6
Contributors 18
CHAPTER 1. Range of natural distribution 20
The range of genus Pinus L 20
Natural distribution of Pinus sylvestris L 22
Cultivation 27
Literature 28
CHAPTER 2. Systematic position within the genus Pinus and intraspecific taxonomy 32
Systematic position with in the genus Pinus 32
Intraspecific variability and taxonomy 32
The diversity of forms 37
List of described Scots pine forms 37
Literature 40
CHAPTER 3. Karyotypes and cytogenetics 42
Introduction 42
Materials and methods 42
Measurement of chromosomes 43
Scots pine karyotype 46
Secondary constrictions 48
Graphic presentation of karyotypes 50
Chromosome banding methods 55
Chromosome mapping 56
Application of Scots pine karyological research 56
Literature 57
CHAPTER 4. Generative reproduction 
60 
Introduction 60
Flowering ecology 63
Genetic consequences 68
Literature 72
CHAPTER 5. Biochemical polymorphism 74
Isoenzymes 74
Antigens 81
Terpenes 81
Concluding remarks 83
Literature 83
CHAPTER 6. Provenance variation in growth and phenology 88
First trials 88
First IUFRO international trial (1907) 88
Ogievskij's series 89
Second IUFRO international trial (1938) 90
Provenance study in the North Central States (NC-51) 92
Siberian populations 93
National studies with Poland as the example 94
Value of local provenances 95
Performance of outlier populations 96
Phenology 98
Literature 99
CHAPTER 7. Breeding strategies for timber production 104
Introduction 104
Breeding continued over generations 104
Genetic basis of trait variation 106
Recruitment 107
Periodic controls 107
Monitoring concomitant effects 107
Conserving genetic variation 108
Consequences for application 109
Literature 112
CHAPTER 8. Breeding strategies for Christmas trees 114
Introduction 114
Interim steps toward improvement 114
Breeding strategies 115
Factorial design and recurrent selection 115
Synthetic varieties 116
Provenance crosses 116
Literature 117
CHAPTER 9. Seed stands and plus trees 118
Introduction 118
Plus trees 121
Literature 123
CHAPTER 10. Seed orchards 126
Introduction 126
Flowering and yield of orchards 126
Establishment 130
Orchard maintenance 133
Protection 137
Cone collection 138
Economics 141
Literature 143
CHAPTER 11. Genetic processes in seed orchards 148
Introduction 148
Objectives of seed orchard establishment 148
Components of the reproductive system 149
Results of studies on reproductive processes 149
Non-random segregation 150
Differential fertilities 150
Non-random fusion of gametes 151
Differential viabilities 157
Inferences on reproductive systems as a whole 157
The need for new concepts 158
Concluding remarks 160
Literature 160
CHAPTER 12. Vegetative propagation 164
Grafting 164
Propagation by cuttings 165
Micropropagation 169
Literature 171
CHAPTER 13. Regulation of flowering in seed orchards 174
Generative development of Scots pine grafts 174
Stimulation of flowering in Scots pine grafts 178
Conclusions 181
Literature 181
CHAPTER 14. Hybridization 184
Natural hybrids 184
Artificial hybrids 184
Self-pollination 187
Literature 188
CHAPTER 15. Progeny testing 192
Introduction: purpose of progeny testing 192
Mating and mating designs 192
Field design for progeny test 195
Genotype-environment interactions and transfer boundaries 196
Maternal, paternal and ontogenetic effects 197
Age at evaluation 198
Standard lots 198
Data handling and estimation procedures 198
Parental ranking 200
Literature 202
CHAPTER 16. Inheritance of resistance to biotic factors 206
Introduction 206
Resistance to fungal pathogens, insects and other animals 206
Present knowledge about resistance mechanisms 209
Inheritance and breeding 213
Literature 214
CHAPTER 17. Inheritance of resistance to abiotic factors 220
Low temperature stress 220
Drought stress 222
Ionizing radiation stress 222
Environmental pollution stress 222
Literature 227
CHAPTER 18. Inheritance of wood properties 232
Introduction 232
Properties related to variation in stem characteristics 233
Tracheid properties 235
Weight-related properties 236
Branch-related properties 237
Chemical properties 238
Breeding for wood quality 239
Literature 240
CHAPTER 19. Inheritance of tree form 244
Traditional opinions 244
Clonal tests 245
Progeny comparisons 245
Provenance variation 250
Literature 254
CHAPTER 20. The value of early testing 256
Introduction 256
Genetic gain from early testing 256
Experimental considerations in early testing 257
Traits for observation 258
Other applications 261
Literature 262
CHAPTER 21. Utilization of improved material: a survey 266
Scandinavia 266
Western Europe 268
Other European countries 270
Soviet Union 271
Other countries 272
Conclusions 274
Literature 275
Index 277

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 31.1.2017
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Sachbuch/Ratgeber ► Natur / Technik ► Garten
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Genetik / Molekularbiologie
• Themenwelt: Technik
• Themenwelt: Wirtschaft
• Themenwelt: Weitere Fachgebiete ► Land- / Forstwirtschaft / Fischerei
• ISBN-10: 1-4832-9163-4 / 1483291634
• ISBN-13: 978-1-4832-9163-5 / 9781483291635