General Botany (eBook)

Wilhelm Nultsch (Autor)

eBook Download: PDF

2013 | 1. Auflage
454 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-1-4832-1901-1 (ISBN)

Infos

General Botany covers certain aspects of general botany, such as morphology, anatomy, and histology. The book discusses the molecular constitution of plants; the structural constitution of the protoplasm, the cell, and the cytoplasm; and the differentiation of the cell. The text also describes the types of organization in plants; the internal and external structure of the stem, the leaf, and the root; and water and salt balance, with regard to the translocation of materials. The energy procurement and the synthetic processes in autotrophic plants; the respiration and energy transformations; and nitrogen metabolism are also considered. The book further tackles heterotrophy; reproduction; heredity; development; and the movement of plants. Botanists, cytologists, plant physiologists, and students taking related courses will find the text invaluable.

Inhalt

Front Cover 
1 
General Botany 4
Copyright Page 
5 
Table of Contents 
6 
Editor's Preface 10
Author's Preface 12
Chapter 1. The Molecular Constitution of Plants 
16 
The Elemental Composition of Plants 16
Carbon 17
The Formation of Molecules 19
The Principal Molecular Building Units 22
Macromolecules 30
Selected Bibliography 39
Chapter 2. The Structural Constitution of Protoplasm 
40 
The Basic Structure of the Protoplasm 42
The Lamellar Structural Principle 47
Selected Bibliography 52
Chapter 3. The Cell 
53 
The Cytoplasm 54
Mitochondria ( Chondriosomes ) 58
Other Inclusions 60
Plastids 61
The Cell Nucleus 69
The Cell Wall 79
Selected Bibliography 86
Chapter 4. Differentiation of the Cell 
88 
Differentiation and Primary Cell Types 88
Stages of Differentiation 89
Mature Cell Types 104
Selected Bibliography 115
Chapter 5. Types of Organization in Plants 
116 
Protophytes 118
Thallophytes 129
Bryophytes 136
Tracheophytes ( Pteridophytes and Spermatophytes asOpposed to Thallophytes) 138
Selected Bibliography 141
Chapter 6. Internal and External Structure of the Stem 
143 
Tissue Differentiation and Primary Structure of the Stem 143
Secondary Thickening 151
Morphology of the Stem 162
Selected Bibliography 168
Chapter 7. The Leaf 
169 
Arrangement of the Leaves on the Shoot 171
Anatomy of the Foliage Leaf 175
Metamorphoses of the Leaf 179
Summary 
182 
Selected Bibliography 184
Chapter 8. The Root 
185 
The Primary Structure of the Root 186
Secondary Growth in Thickness 190
Metamorphoses of the Root 191
Selected Bibliography 192
Chapter 9. 
193 
The Water Balance of the Cell 194
Water Uptake 197
Transpiration 199
Water Conduction 202
Uptake of Mineral Salts 203
Materials Transport 205
Selected Bibliography 206
Chapter 10. Energy Procuring and Synthetic Processes in Autotrophic Plants 
208 
Chemical Reactions and Energy Transfer in Plant Cells 209
Biocatalysis 212
Photosynthesis 215
Chemosynthesis 230
Utilization of the Assimilation Products 231
Selected Bibliography 236
Chapter 11. Respiration and Energy Transformations 
238 
The Oxidative Breakdown of Carbohydrates 240
Fermentation 247
Direct Oxidation of Glucose 250
Selected Bibliography 252
Chapter 12. Nitrogen Metabolism 
253 
The Source of Nitrogen 253
The Incorporation of Nitrogen 254
Degradation of Nitrogenous Compounds 257
The Nitrogen Cycle 261
Selected Bibliography 262
Chapter 13. Heterotrophy 
263 
Saprophytes 264
Parasites 264
Symbiosis 266
Insectivores 272
Selected Bibliography 275
Chapter 14. Reproduction 
276 
Vegetative Reproduction 277
Sexual Reproduction 281
The Alternation of Generations 288
Reproduction of the Spermatophytes 293
The Reproduction of Fungi 298
Selected Bibliography 301
Chapter 15. Heredity 
302 
The Analysis of the Genotype 303
Chemical Nature of Genes 311
Mutations 320
Mode of Action of the Genes 325
Selection of the Sexes 330
Extrachromosomal Heredity 332
Selected Bibliography 334
Chapter 16. Development 
336 
Growth of Unicellular Organisms 337
Growth of the Higher Plants 345
Control of Organ Development 353
The Effect of External Factors on Development 366
Rhythms of Development 373
Selected Bibliography 377
Chapter 17. Movement of Plants 
380 
Mechanisms of Motion 381
Free Locomotion 386
Autonomie Movements 391
Induction of Movements by Excitation Processes 392
Radiation Effects 397
Gravitational Effects 407
Chemical Effects 410
Mechanical Stimuli 412
Selected Bibliography 412
References 413
Taxonomic Summary 415
Evolution Summary 420
Ecology Summary 431
Index 442

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 22.10.2013
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Botanik
• Themenwelt: Technik
• ISBN-10: 1-4832-1901-1 / 1483219011
• ISBN-13: 978-1-4832-1901-1 / 9781483219011