Risk Management in Life Critical Systems (eBook)

Patrick Millot (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: EPUB

2014 | 1. Auflage
100 Seiten
Wiley-Iste (Verlag)
978-1-118-63936-8 (ISBN)

Infos

Risk management deals with prevention, decision-making, action taking, crisis management and recovery, taking into account the consequences of unexpected events. The authors of this book are interested in ecological processes, human behavior, as well as the control and management of life-critical systems, which are potentially highly automated. Three main attributes define life-critical systems, i.e. safety, efficiency and comfort. They typically lead to complex and time-critical issues and can belong to domains such as transportation (trains, cars, aircraft), energy (nuclear, chemical engineering), health, telecommunications, manufacturing and services.

The topics covered relate to risk management principles, methods and tools, and reliability assessment: human errors as well as system failures, socio-organizational issues of crisis occurrence and management, co-operative work including human−machine cooperation and CSCW (computer-supported cooperative work): task and function allocation, authority sharing, interactivity, situation awareness, networking and management evolution and lessons learned from Human-Centered Design.

Autor

Patrick Millot has been Full Professor at the University of Valenciennes in France since 1989. He conducts research on Automation Sciences, Artificial Intelligence and Human-Machine Systems (HMS). He is the author of approximately 200 publications and collective books. He has led several regional, national and international projects on supervisory control and transport safety.

Inhalt

Part 1. General Approaches for Crisis Management

1. Dealing with the Unexpected

Guy A. Boy

2. Vulnerability and Resilience Assessment of Infrastructures
and Networks: Concepts and Methodologies

Eric Châtelet

3. The Golden Hour Challenge: Applying Systems Engineering to
Life-Critical System of Systems

Jean-René Ruault

4. Situated Risk Visualization in Crisis Management

Lucas Stéphane

5. Safety Critical Elements of the Railway System: Most Advanced
Technologies and Process to Demonstrate and Maintain Highest Safety
Performance

Stéphane Romei

6. Functional Modeling of Complex Systems

Morten Lind

Part 2. Risk Management and Human Factors

7. Designing Driver Assistance Systems in a Risk-based
Process

Pietro Carlo Cacciabue

8. Dissonance Engineering for Risk Analysis: A Theoretical
Framework

Frédéric Vanderhaegen

9. The Fading Line Between Self and System

René van Paassen

10. Risk Management: A Model for Procedure Use Analysis

Kara schmitt

11. Driver-Assistance Systems for Road Safety Improvement

Serge Boverie

Part 3. Managing Risk Via Human-Machine Cooperation

12. Human-Machine Cooperation Principles to Support
Life-Critical Systems Management

Marie-Pierre Pacaux-Lemoine

13. Cooperative Organization for Enhancing Situation
Awareness

Patrick Millot

14. A Cooperative Assistant for Deep Space Exploration

Donald Platt

15. Managing the Risks of Automobile Accidents Via
Human-Machine Collaboration

Makoto Itoh

16. Human-Machine Interaction in Automated Vehicles: The
ABV Project

Chouki Sentouh and Jean Christophe Popieul

17. Interactive Surfaces, Tangible Interaction: Perspectives For
Risk Management

Christophe Kolski, Catherine Garbay, Yoann Lebrun, Fabien
Badeig, Sophie Lepreux, René Mandiau and
Emmanuel Adam

Textauszug

List of Figures

1.1. Expected and actual situation showing small and bigger variations

2.1. Factors shaping the risks faced to critical infrastructures [KRO 08]

2.2. A proposition of risk situations and relevant risk assessment strategies

3.1. eCall: the crashed car calls 112! [EC 13e]

3.2. N² matrix of pairings of different systems within the system of systems [RUA 11]

3.3. Functional model of the accident detection system architecture [RUA 11]

4.1. RTO and maximum tolerable period of disruption [COR 07]

4.2. Global view of the 3D interactive scene – Unity 3D [STE 13] (For a color version of this figure, see www.iste.co.uk/millot/riskmanagement)

5.1. Range of order that has been observed for the last decade

5.2. Main components of a railway system

5.3. The bogie integrating six safety critical functions

5.4. Classical development V-cycle

5.5. Risk management organization in European Union

5.6. Technics for identification and evaluation of hazards and their subsequent risks

5.7. European safety management system

5.8. Safety authorization and safety management system

6.1. The means-end relation

6.2. Means-end structure showing the possible combinations of means-end relations

6.3. MFM concepts

6.4. A heat transfer loop

6.5. MFM of heat transfer loop without control

6.6. MFM of heat transfer loop with flow and temperature control

6.7. MFM model of heat transfer loop with a protection system suppressing high temperature in HE2

7.1. Risk-based design methodology flowchart

7.2. Sheridan’s five levels of “supervisory control” (adapted from [SHE 97])

7.3. A generic operator model (adapted from [CAR 07])

7.4. Essential nature of human–machine interaction

7.5. Error propensity (EP) and dynamic generation of sequences

7.6. General structure of the quasi-static methodology for RBD

7.7. Expanded human performance event tree (adapted from [CAC 12])

7.8. Generic risk matrix. For a color version of this figure, see www.iste.co.uk/millot/riskmanagement.zip

7.9. ADAS at level of driving task a) and temporal sequence of intervention b)

7.10. EHPET for the case study with ADAS

8.1. The DIMAGE model

8.2. Stable and unstable level of a dissonance dimension

8.3. The theoretical framework based on human– machine learning to control dissonances

8.4. The reverse comic strip-based approach to identify dissonances

8.5. Examples of emotion and sound variation images

8.6. The knowledge analysis algorithm

8.7. The dissonance evaluation algorithm

8.8. The generic reinforcement based on learning process

8.9. A reinforcement algorithm by case-based reasoning

8.10. The interpretation of pictures from rail platform signaling systems

8.11. The associated reverse comic strip for dissonance identification

8.12. The associated rule analysis for dissonance identification and evaluation

8.13. A prediction process based on the knowledge reinforcement

8.14. The correct prediction rate by reinforcing the knowledge base

9.1. Depiction of Peirce’s triadic relationship between object, sign and interpretation

9.2. Diagram illustrating the problems of determining causes and control actions in an uncertain system. An unknown disturbance might be acting on the system, a shift in its parameter may have happened, leading to a qualitative change in dynamics, or a structural change might have occurred, leading to a significantly different system. The innovation or surprise i is the difference between observation and expectation, and may lead to adjustment. Whether control is based on observation or on expectation is uncertain, and probably variable

10.1. A model for procedure analysis

11.1. Examples of driver-assistance systems

11.2. Vehicle/driver/environment system

11.3. T involuntary transition from waking to sleeping (from Alain Muzet)

11.4. Algorithmic principle for the hypovigilance diagnostic of the driver and results of this analysis on a subject in real driving conditions

11.5. Classification principles for visual distraction detection

11.6. DrivEasy concept

12.1. Attributes of cooperative agent

12.2. Cooperative activity through agents’ know-how (Agi KH), agents’ know-how-to-cooperate (Agi KHC), agents’ situation awareness (Agi SA), common frame of reference (COFOR), team situation awareness (Team SA) and common work space

12.3. Fighter aircraft CWS (example of the tactical situation SITAC). For a color version of this figure, see www.iste.co.uk/millot/riskmanagement

12.4. Multilevel cooperation

12.5. Cooperative tasks 1-KH; 2-CWS; 3-KHC (current task); 4-KHC (intention); 5-KHC (authority); 6-KHC (model)

12.6. Robotics CWS. For a color version of this figure, see www.iste.co.uk/millot/riskmanagement

12.7. Example of agents’ abilities identification for task sharing and authority management (red arrows). For a color version of this figure, see www.iste.co.uk/millot/riskmanagement.zip

13.1. Allocation of functions among humans and machines (adapted from [BOY 11])

13.2. SA three-level model adapted from [END 95a]

13.3. Team-SA adapted from [SAL 08]

13.4. The three forms for task distribution according to agents KH and related tasks to share

13.5. Task distribution and related SA distribution, in the augmentative and integrative forms

13.6. Task distribution and related SA distribution, in the debative form

13.7. CWS principle for team SA [MIL 13]

14.1. The model of cooperation between astronauts and ground-based experts and how it is changing for deep space exploration

14.2. Virtual camera data feedback loop

14.3. The human-centered design process for the development of the virtual camera

14.4. Riding in the NASA Lunar Electric Rover vehicle at DesertRATS, collecting user requirements for the development of the VC

14.5. Horizontal prototype for the VC showing icons and interface. For a color version of this figure, see www.iste.co.uk/millot/riskmanagement

14.6. The VC vertical prototype with icons labeled. For a color version of this figure, see www.iste.co.uk/millot/riskmanagement

15.1. The structure of trust

15.2. Deceleration meter

15.3. a) Pressure distribution sensors and b) the obtained data. For a color version of this figure, see www.iste.co.uk/millot/riskmanagement

15.4. Pressure distribution sensors and the obtained data [ISH 13]. For a color version of this figure, see www.iste.co.uk/millot/riskmanagement

15.5. Model of driver lane change intent emergence [ZHO 09]

15.6. a) The attention arousing display and b) its effects on THW [ITO 13a]. For a color version of this figure, see www.iste.co.uk/millot/riskmanagement

15.7. Driver reaction against the rapid deceleration of the forward vehicle [ITO 08b]

15.8. A situation machine protective action is needed. In this example, the left lane is the cruising lane and the right lane is the passing lane. The vehicle in the right lane is in the blind spot of the side-view mirror of the host vehicle

16.1. Structure of the ABV project

16.2. Graph of the different modes of the ABV system

16.3. Graph of the different modes of the ABV system. For a color version of this figure, see www.iste.co.uk/millot/riskmanagement

16.4. Driver monitoring system from Continental. For a color version of this figure, see www.iste.co.uk/millot/riskmanagement

16.5. Shared driving control architecture

16.6. Experimental results on the SHERPA simulator. For a color version of this figure, see www.iste.co.uk/millot/riskmanagement

16.7. Evaluation of the sharing quality. For a color version of this figure, see www.iste.co.uk/millot/riskmanagement

17.1. Two configurations for risk management UI: a) centralized distribution of U; b) network of distributed UI [LEP 11]. For a color version of this figure, see www.iste.co.uk/millot/riskmanagement.zip

17.2. Crisis unit using TangiSense and other platforms (adapted from [LEP 11]). For a color version of this figure, see www.iste.co.uk/millot/riskmanagement.zip

17.3. A road traffic simulation on two TangiSense interactive tables. For a color version of this figure, see www.iste.co.uk/millot/riskmanagement.zip

17.4. Use of zoom tangible object, without effect on the other table. For a color version of this figure, see www.iste.co.uk/millot/riskmanagement.zip

17.5. Tangiget synchronization with effect on TangiSense 2. For a color version of this figure, see www.iste.co.uk/millot/riskmanagement.zip

17.6. The TangiSense table as equipped for the risk game with ground map display, tangible objects and virtual feedback shown. For a color version of this...

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 10.10.2014
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften
• Themenwelt: Wirtschaft ► Betriebswirtschaft / Management ► Allgemeines / Lexika
• Themenwelt: Wirtschaft ► Betriebswirtschaft / Management ► Finanzierung
• Themenwelt: Betriebswirtschaft / Management ► Spezielle Betriebswirtschaftslehre ► Versicherungsbetriebslehre
• Themenwelt: Wirtschaft ► Betriebswirtschaft / Management ► Unternehmensführung / Management
• Schlagworte: Business & Management • Risikomanagement • Risiko-, Notfall- u. Krisenmanagement • Risk, Contingency & Crisis Management • Wirtschaft u. Management
• ISBN-10: 1-118-63936-7 / 1118639367
• ISBN-13: 978-1-118-63936-8 / 9781118639368