Gas Treating (eBook)

Absorption Theory and Practice

Dag Eimer (Autor)

eBook Download: EPUB

2014
John Wiley & Sons (Verlag)
978-1-118-87762-3 (ISBN)

Infos

Gas Treating: Absorption Theory and Practice provides an introduction to the treatment of natural gas, synthesis gas and flue gas, addressing why it is necessary and the challenges involved. The book concentrates in particular on the absorption-desorption process and mass transfer coupled with chemical reaction.

Following a general introduction to gas treatment, the chemistry of CO2, H2S and amine systems is described, and selected topics from physical chemistry with relevance to gas treating are presented. Thereafter the absorption process is discussed in detail, column hardware is explained and the traditional mass transfer model mechanisms are presented together with mass transfer correlations. This is followed by the central point of the text in which mass transfer is combined with chemical reaction, highlighting the associated possibilities and problems. Experimental techniques, data analysis and modelling are covered, and the book concludes with a discussion on various process elements which are important in the absorption-desorption process, but are often neglected in its treatment. These include heat exchange, solution management, process flowsheet variations, choice of materials and degradation of absorbents. The text is rounded off with an overview of the current state of research in this field and a discussion of real-world applications.

This book is a practical introduction to gas treating for practicing process engineers and chemical engineers working on purification technologies and gas treatment, in particular, those working on CO2 abatement processes, as well as post-graduate students in process engineering, chemical engineering and chemistry.

Dag A. Eimer
Tel-Tek and Telemark University College, Norway

Inhalt

Table of Contents

Preface

List of Abbreviations

Nomenclature List

1 Introduction

2 Gas Treating in General

3 Rate of Mass Transfer

4 Chemistry in Acid Gas Treating

5 Physical Chemistry Topics

6 Diffusion

7 Absorption Column Mass Transfer Analysis

8 Column Hardware

9 Rotating Packed Beds

10 Mass Transfer Models

11 Correlations for Mass Transfer Coefficients

12 Chemistry and Mass Transfer

13 Selective Absorption of H2s

14 Gas Dehydration

15 Experimental Techniques

16 Absorption Equilibria

17 Desorption

18 Heat Exchangers

19 Solution Management

20 Absorption - Desorption Cycle

21 Degradation

22 Materials, Corrosion, Inhibitors

23 Technological Fronts

24 Flue Gas Treating

25 Natural Gas Treating (& Syngas)

26 Treating in Various Situations

Index

Textauszug

Nomenclature List

(Local variables used in specific equation are not included)

a	nominal specific contact area of mass transfer equipment, m2/m3

ac	acceleration in an RPB, m/s2

ae	effective interfacial area for packing, m2/m3

a'p	nominal specific surface area of 2 mm diameter beads, m2/m3

A	cross-sectional area perpendicular to flow or flux, m2

A	constant in Debye–Hückel equation

A	heat exchanger area, m2

Ai	regression constant(s) in equation (5.72)

bk	constant in Debye–Hückel equation

B	used to represent a generic base

C

concentration of species, kmol/m3. (See Figure 3.1) Superscripts: L for liquid, G for gas, * if an equilibrium value Subscript: denotes component. i is usually the volatile, j the absorbent, tot for total (molar density), otherwise as given on a case to case basis 0 or i as subscripts also relates to z = 0 or the gas-liquid interface

CS	a factor used in relation to capacity of columns

CSB	Souders–Brown constants, see equation (8.8)

dp	packing size, or dimension for a structured packing, m

deq	equivalent diameter of flow channel, m

D	diffusion coefficient, m2/s

E	enhancement factor. Subscript refers to component

enhancement factor for infinitely fast reaction

F	packing factor. Specific to packing

Fr	Froude number. Defined for each application Subscript indicates component, a second subscript indicates solvent or gas

g	gravitational acceleration, m/s2

G	gas flow, kmol/s if not otherwise indicated by subscript Subscript V for volumetric m3/s, w for mass kg/s, m for molar kmol/s Second subscript f for flux indicating the above per m2.

ΔG	Gibbs free energy change Superscript: f for formation

h	enthalpy, kJ/kmol

h	liquid hold-up fraction in a packed column, dimensionless

H	Henry's coefficient, bar Subscript indicates component, a second subscript indicates solvent

Hc	Henry's coefficient on concentration basis, bar.m3/kmol Additional subscript indicates component

ΔH	heat of what is specified by subscript, kJ/kmol Subscript ABS for absorption, REAC for reaction

I	ionic strength, kmol/m3

k	reaction kinetics constant a number is either associated with an equation number or reaction order a minus indicates a reversing reaction ps1 for pseudo first order reaction

K	equilibrium constant Subscripts I and II are used for first and second dissociation of diprotic acids Subscript HYD for hydrolysis

K	constant. See equation (8.10)

Ka	acid protonation equilibrium constant

Kap	autoprotolysis equilibrium constant including [H2O] Superscript ' indicates Kap/[H2O]

Kb	basicity equilibrium constant Superscript ' indicates Kb[H2O]

kG	gas side mass transfer coefficient, m/s (see equation (7.1))

KG	overall mass transfer coefficient referred to the gas side, m/s (see equation (7.4))

kL0	liquid side mass transfer coefficient, m/s (see equation (7.2))

KL	overall mass transfer coefficient referred to the liquid side, m/s (see equation (7.5))

Kw	Kap for water

l	lower case l used for thickness of mass transfer film, m

L	a length to be specified, m

L	liquid flow, kmol/s if not otherwise indicated by subscript Subscript V for volumetric m3/s, w for mass kg/s, m for molar kmol/s Second subscript f for flux indicating the above per m2.

m	dimensionless partition coefficient between gas and liquid, defined by equation (5.58) Subscript indicates component

mj	molality, mol/1000 g. See equation (16.34)

M	molecular weight, kg/kmol Subscript indicate component and average values, see equation (6.21)

n	number of moles of component indicated by subscript

Ni	molar flux of component indicated by subscript, kmol/m2 · s

p	partial pressure of component indicated in subscript, bar or kPa

p0	vapour pressure of pure component indicated in subscript, bar or kPa

P	total pressure, bar or kPa

PA	Parachor, see equation (6.23)

ΔP	pressure drop. Subscript Fl for flooding

pH	acidity scale. Defined in chapter 5.3.3

pK	-log10(K), used for Ka, Kb, Kw, Kap as indicated by subscript

r	rate of reaction, kmol/m3 · s Subscript indicates component Subscript ‘obs’ indicates observed value Subscripts: o to situation with no net reaction, D for ratio defined by equation (12.53)

R	gas constant, see Table 1.5

Re	Reynolds number. Defined for each application

RMT	rate of mass transfer

s	surface renewal rate, 1/s. (surface renewal theory)

s	corrugation side length, m (see equations (11.7) to (11.10))

t

time, s

T	absolute temperature, K Superscript G for gas, L for liquid, Ref for reference temperature

ΔT	temperature difference, K

T*	parameter defined by equation (6.18)

u	velocity m/s. subscript L for liquid, G for gas, second subscript e for effective, see equation (11.5) and 11.6

U	overall heat transfer coefficient, kW/m2.K

v	velocity of convective flux, see equation (6.13), m/s

V	volume of liquid, m3 Vi = partial molar volume of component i

Vi,Vo,Vt

see equation (9.3)

V	molar volume, m3/kmol. (subscript G for gas and L for liquid) Subscript indicate component,

x	mole fraction in a liquid phase subscript indicates component

Xi	molar ratio, see equation (7.7e) or (7.17)

X	partial molar property of component subscripted, see equation (5.70) Superscript E indicates excess property of mixture (see subscript)

y	mole fraction in a gas phase subscript indicates component, solute, solvent

z	distance, m

Z	used to represent the zwitterion

Greek letters:

α	loading of acid gas, mol acid gas per mol...

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 25.8.2014
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Chemie
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Elektrotechnik / Energietechnik
• Schlagworte: Absorption • absorptiondesorption • Amine • Book • Carbon Capture & Storage • challenges • Chemical • chemical engineering • Chemie • Chemische Verfahrenstechnik • Chemistry • concentrates • Energie • Energy • Gas • General • Grüne Chemie • Grüne Chemie • Introduction • Kohlenstoff-Abscheidung u. -Speicherung • mass transfer • Nachhaltige u. Grüne Chemie • Nachhaltige u. Grüne Chemie • NATURAL • Necessary • particular • presented • Process • Process Engineering • Prozesssteuerung • Reaction • Sustainable Chemistry & Green Chemistry • Synthesis Gas • theory • Treatment
• ISBN-10: 1-118-87762-4 / 1118877624
• ISBN-13: 978-1-118-87762-3 / 9781118877623