Guidelines for Enabling Conditions and Conditional Modifiers in Layer of Protection Analysis (eBook)

eBook Download: EPUB

2013 | 1. Auflage
136 Seiten
John Wiley & Sons (Verlag)
978-1-118-77794-7 (ISBN)

Infos

The initial Layer of protection analysis (LOPA) book published in
2001 set the rules and approaches for using LOPA as an intermediate
method between purely qualitative hazards evaluation/analysis and
more quantitative analysis methods. Basic LOPA provides an
order-of-magnitude risk estimate of risk with fairly reproducible
results. LOPA results are considered critical in determining safety
integrity level for design of safety instrumented systems.

This guideline clarifies key concepts and reinforces the
limitations and the requirements of LOPA. The main scope of the
guideline is to provide examples of CMs and ECs and to provide
concrete guidance on the protocols that must be followed to use
these concepts. The book presents a brief overview of Layer of
Protection Analysis (LOPA) and its variations, and summarizes
terminology used for evaluating scenarios in the context of a
typical incident sequence. It defines and illustrates the most
common types of ECs and CMs and shows how they interrelate to risk
criteria as well as their application to other methods.

Autor

Since 1985, the Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS) has been the world leader in developing and disseminating information on process safety management and technology. CCPS, an industry technology alliance of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE), has published over 80 books in its process safety guidelines and process safety concepts series, and over 100 training modules through its Safety in Chemical Engineering Education (SACHE) series.

Inhalt

List of Tables ix

List of Figures xi

Abbreviations and Acronyms xiii

Glossary xv

Acknowledgements xxiii

Preface xxv

1 Context 1

1.1 LOPA Overview 1

1.2 Pertinent LOPA Variations 10

1.3 When to Use Enabling Conditions and Conditional Modifiers
13

1.4 Risk Criteria Endpoints 16

2 LOPA Enabling Conditions 23

2.1 Definition and Defining Characteristics 23

2.2 Interrelationship with Initiating Event 23

2.3 Time-At-Risk Enabling Conditions 23

2.4 Campaign Enabling Conditions 30

2.5 Other Possible Enabling Conditions 34

2.6 Documenting and Validating Enabling Conditions 34

3 LOPA Conditional Modifiers 37

3.1 Definition and Defining Characteristics 37

3.2 Probability of a Hazardous Atmosphere 42

3.3 Probability of Ignition or Initiation 44

3.4 Probability of Explosion 49

3.5 Probability of Personnel Presence 55

3.6 Probability of Injury or Fatality 60

3.7 Probability of Equipment Damage or Other Financial Impact
65

3.8 Documenting, Managing and Validating Conditional Modifiers
69

4 Application to Other Methods 71

4.1 Quantitative Risk Analysis 71

4.2 Use of Enabling Conditions and Conditional Modifiers with
Scenario Identification Methods 75

4.3 Barrier Analysis and Diagrams 79

Appendices 81

A Simultaneous Failures and "Double Jeopardy" 83

B Peak Risk Concepts 91

C Example Rule Set for LOPA Enabling Conditions 95

Example Rule Set for LOPA Enabling Conditions 95

References 99

Index 103

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 25.11.2013
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Chemie ► Technische Chemie
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Umwelttechnik / Biotechnologie
• Schlagworte: Arbeitssicherheit u. Umweltschutz i. d. Chemie • Chemical and Environmental Health and Safety • chemical engineering • Chemie • Chemische Verfahrenstechnik • Chemistry • process development • Verfahrensentwicklung
• ISBN-10: 1-118-77794-8 / 1118777948
• ISBN-13: 978-1-118-77794-7 / 9781118777947