Simple Methods for Identification of Plastics (eBook)

Dietrich Braun (Autor)

eBook Download: PDF

2013 | 1. Auflage
140 Seiten
Carl Hanser Fachbuchverlag
978-1-56990-542-5 (ISBN)

Infos

Processors and users of plastics often need to determine the chemical nature of a plastics specimen. This highly practical and useful manual, now in a fifth revised and supplemented edition, will enable you to determine the class of plastic of a particular specimen. No extensive knowledge of chemistry is required and yet it is more complex than a simple tabular compilation. This manual is a handy and highly effective tool for many practical situations. An additional supplement is a chapter that shows strategies for identifying historical plastic objects; this is of particular interest for assemblers and collectors, and conservators.

Prof. Dr. Dietrich Braun was the director of the plastics institute (Deutschen Kunststoff-Instituts (DKI)) in Darmstadt until 2000. He is also the author of many reference books and textbooks. For years, Dr. Braun has chaired workshops in plastics technology for business people as well as for first-time users, which is the basis for this book.

Inhalt

Preface 6
Contents 8
1 Plastics and Their Characteristics 12
2 General Introduction to the Analysis of Plastics 26
2.1 Analytical Procedure 26
2.2 Sample Preparation 27
3 Screening Tests 30
3.1 Solubility 30
3.2 Density 33
3.3 Behavior on Heating 36
3.3.1 Pyrolysis Tests 38
3.3.2 Flame Test 39
3.3.3 Melting Behavior 41
4 Testing for Heteroatoms 48
5 Analytical Procedures 54
5.1 Analysis by Groups 55
6 Specific Identification Tests 60
6.1 General Identification Reactions 60
6.1.1 Liebermann-Storch-Morawski Reaction 60
6.1.2 Color Reaction with p-Dimethylaminobenzaldehyde 60
6.1.3 The Gibbs Indophenol Test 61
6.1.4 Formaldehyde Test 61
6.2 Specific Plastics 62
6.2.1 Polyolefins 62
6.2.2 Polystyrene 63
6.2.3 Polymethyl Methacrylate 63
6.2.4 Polyacrylonitrile 64
6.2.5 Polyvinyl Acetate 65
6.2.6 Polyvinyl Alcohol 66
6.2.7 Polymers Containing Chlorine 66
6.2.8 Polyoxymethylene 68
6.2.9 Polycarbonates 68
6.2.10 Polyamides 68
6.2.11 Polyurethanes 70
6.2.12 Phenolics 70
6.2.13 Aminoplastics 71
6.2.14 Epoxy Resins 72
6.2.15 Polyesters 73
6.2.16 Cellulose Derivatives 74
6.2.17 Silicones 75
6.2.18 Rubberlike Plastics 75
6.2.19 High Temperature-Resistant (HT) Thermoplastics 77
6.2.20 Fibers 80
6.3 Polymer Blends 80
6.4 Detection of Metals in Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) 83
7 Identification of Historic Plastic Objects 86
7.1 General 87
7.1.1 Dating 87
7.1.2 Visual Appearance 87
7.1.2.1 Transparency 88
7.1.2.2 Hardness 89
7.1.2.3 Odor 89
7.1.2.4 Density 89
7.1.2.5 How to Distinguish Between Thermoplastics and Duroplastics 89
7.1.2.6 Material Behavior on Heating 90
7.2 A Few Simple Chemical Tests to Identify Early Plastic Articles 92
7.2.1 Protein Derivatives 92
7.2.2 Natural Resins 93
8 Advanced Analytical Methods 96
8.1 Overview 96
8.2 Infrared Spectroscopy 98
8.3 IR-Spectra 102
9 Appendix 114
9.1 Plastics Identification Table 114
9.2 Chemicals 123
9.2.1 Acids and Bases 123
9.2.2 Inorganic Chemicals 125
9.2.3 Organic Solvents 126
9.2.4 Organic Reagents 127
9.2.5 Miscellaneous 128
9.3 Laboratory Aids and Equipment 128
9.3.1 Basic Equipment 129
9.3.2 Optional Equipment 130
9.4 Selected Polymer Acronyms 130
10 Literature 134
Index 136

Textauszug

- Plastics and their Characteristics
- General Introduction to the Analysis of Plastics
- Screening Tests
- Testing for Heteroatoms
- Analytical Procedures
- Specific Identification Tests
- References of Historic Plastic Obje

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 4.4.2013
• Verlagsort: München
• Sprache: deutsch
• Original-Titel: Erkennen von Kunststoffen
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Chemie
• Themenwelt: Technik
• Schlagworte: Analytik • Kunststoffanalytik • Kunststoffe
• ISBN-10: 1-56990-542-8 / 1569905428
• ISBN-13: 978-1-56990-542-5 / 9781569905425