Principles of Science for Nurses (eBook)

Joyce James, Colin Baker, Helen Swain (Autoren)

eBook Download: PDF

2008
John Wiley & Sons (Verlag)
978-0-470-77742-8 (ISBN)

Infos

This very basic textbook aims to provide nursing students with the essential bioscience they will need to complete their Common Foundation Programme.

The book will explore the relevant basic scientific principles, apply these principles to clinical situations and then ask review questions. For anyone who has not studied science before this will be an excellent introduction to the key concepts of chemistry, physics and biology, as applied to nursing.

Joyce James is the author of Principles of Science for Nurses, published by Wiley.

Colin Baker is the author of Principles of Science for Nurses, published by Wiley.

Helen Swain is the author of Principles of Science for Nurses, published by Wiley.

Inhalt

CONTENTS 7
Preface 10
Introduction 11
Homeostasis 11
Measurement and units 12
Summary 19
Review questions 19
Chapter One – Atoms 21
Learning objectives 21
Introduction 21
Matter 21
Atoms 23
Elements 24
Atomic number and mass number 26
Isotopes 26
Relative atomic mass 26
Electron arrangement 27
Compounds 28
Chemical equations 28
Chemical bonding 30
The mole 35
Relative formula mass 37
Summary 37
Review questions 37
Further reading 38
Chapter Two – Water and electrolyte balance 39
Learning objectives 39
Introduction 39
Bonding in water 39
Water as a solvent 41
Concentrations 45
Diffusion and osmosis 47
Tonicity of cells 50
Filtration 52
Electrolyte balance 52
Water in the body 53
Water balance 55
Water regulation 57
Dialysis 58
Summary 59
Review questions 59
Further reading 59
Chapter Three – Acids and bases 60
Learning objectives 60
Introduction 60
Acids 60
Bases 61
Neutralisation 62
Salts 62
Strong and weak acids and bases 63
The pH scale 65
pH of body fluids 67
Chemical buffers 68
Respiratory regulation of pH 70
Renal regulation of pH 72
When the balancing act no longer works 73
Compensation – systems working together 76
Summary 76
Review questions 77
Further reading 77
Chapter Four – Biomolecules 8
Learning objectives 78
Introduction 78
Organic chemistry 78
Carbohydrates 79
Lipids 83
Proteins 86
Nucleic acids 90
Digestion and absorption of biomolecules 92
Summary 95
Review questions 95
Further reading 96
Chapter Five – Cells 97
Learning objectives 97
Introduction 97
Two cell types 97
Viruses and prions 98
Cell structure 99
Human cell organelles 102
Growth of cells and cell division 108
Summary 111
Review questions 111
Further reading 111
Chapter Six – Genetics 112
Learning objectives 112
Introduction 112
Genes 112
Gene inheritance patterns 115
Genetic disorders 117
Characteristics of single-gene disorders 119
Genetic techniques 124
Summary 128
Review questions 128
Further reading 128
Chapter Seven – Microorganisms 129
Learning objectives 129
Introduction 129
Microorganisms 129
Microorganism structure 129
Growth 132
Laboratory techniques 134
Infection 135
Prevention of infection 137
Drug-resistant bacteria 140
Summary 143
Review questions 143
Further reading 143
Chapter Eight – Immunology 144
Learning objectives 144
Introduction 144
The immune system 144
Innate and adaptive immunity 145
Immune system structure 147
Defective immune responses 151
Applications of the immune system 152
Summary 156
Review questions 156
Further reading 156
Chapter Nine – Fluids – liquids and gases 8
Learning objectives 157
Introduction 157
Pressure 157
Atmospheric pressure 157
Liquids 159
Blood – pressure, resistance and flow 160
Gases 166
Summary 175
Review questions 176
Further reading 176
Chapter Ten – Nutrition and metabolism 177
Learning objectives 177
Introduction 177
Definition of energy 177
Nutrition 179
Adenosine triphosphate – ATP 183
Metabolism 184
Metabolic pathways 185
Basal metabolic rate (BMR) 193
Summary 195
Review questions 195
Further reading 196
Chapter Eleven – Electromagnetic radiation 197
Learning objectives 197
Introduction 197
What is electromagnetic radiation? 197
The sun and electromagnetic radiation 198
Non-ionising radiation 200
Radioisotopes 200
Monitoring exposure and reducing dosage 203
Clinical uses of radioisotopes 203
Non-invasive imaging techniques 205
Summary 209
Review questions 209
Further reading 210
Chapter Twelve – Temperature and heat 211
Learning objectives 211
Introduction 211
Heat and temperature 211
Latent heat 214
Transmission of heat 215
Temperature homeostasis – heat balance in the body 217
Control of abnormal body temperatures – hypothermia and hyperthermia 219
Summary 220
Review questions 221
Further reading 221
Chapter Thirteen – Forces and mechanics 222
Learning objectives 222
Introduction 222
Getting things moving – Newton’s laws of motion 222
The force of gravity 224
Friction 226
Levers 228
Pulleys 230
Forces, levers and moving handling issues 230
Summary 232
Review questions 232
Further reading 232
Chapter Fourteen – Electricity 233
Learning objectives 233
Introduction 233
Electricity 233
Electricity and the body 237
Medical applications of electricity 243
Summary 246
Review questions 246
Further reading 247
Periodic table of the elements 248
Glossary 249
Answers 256
Index 265

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 15.4.2008
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Pflege
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften
• Schlagworte: Authors • BASIC • Book • EASY • Education • Einführungen in die Krankenpflege • Einführungen in die Krankenpflege • essential bioscience • Introductions to Nursing • introductory • Krankenpflege • many • Modern • nursing • Plain language • provides • Science • Scientific • Scientific background • students • Studies • Technology • Text • Textbook • Vital • Written
• ISBN-10: 0-470-77742-7 / 0470777427
• ISBN-13: 978-0-470-77742-8 / 9780470777428