Hormones, Heredity, and Race
Spectacular Failure in Interwar Vienna
Seiten
2013
Rutgers University Press (Verlag)
978-0-8135-5969-8 (ISBN)
Rutgers University Press (Verlag)
978-0-8135-5969-8 (ISBN)
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Early in the twentieth century, arguments about “nature” and “nurture” pitted a rigid genetic determinism against the idea that genes were flexible and open to environmental change. This book tells the story of three Viennese biologists-Paul Kammerer, Julius Tandler, and Eugen Steinach-who sought to show how the environment could shape heredity through the impact of hormones. It also explores the dynamic of failure through both scientific and social lenses. During World War I, the three men were well respected scientists; by 1934, one was dead by his own hand, another was in exile, and the third was subject to ridicule.
Paul Kammerer had spent years gathering zoological evidence on whether environmental change could alter heredity, using his research as the scientific foundation for a new kind of eugenics-one that challenged the racism growing in mainstream eugenics. By 1918, he drew on the pioneering research of two colleagues who studied how secretions shaped sexual attributes to argue that hormones could alter genes. After 1920, Julius Tandler employed a similar concept to restore the health and well-being of Vienna's war-weary citizens. Both men rejected the rigidly acting genes of the new genetics and instead crafted a biology of flexible heredity to justify eugenic reforms that respected human rights. But the interplay of science and personality with the social and political rise of fascism and with antisemitism undermined their ideas, leading to their spectacular failure.
Paul Kammerer had spent years gathering zoological evidence on whether environmental change could alter heredity, using his research as the scientific foundation for a new kind of eugenics-one that challenged the racism growing in mainstream eugenics. By 1918, he drew on the pioneering research of two colleagues who studied how secretions shaped sexual attributes to argue that hormones could alter genes. After 1920, Julius Tandler employed a similar concept to restore the health and well-being of Vienna's war-weary citizens. Both men rejected the rigidly acting genes of the new genetics and instead crafted a biology of flexible heredity to justify eugenic reforms that respected human rights. But the interplay of science and personality with the social and political rise of fascism and with antisemitism undermined their ideas, leading to their spectacular failure.
CHERYL A. LOGAN is professor emerita of psychology and history at the University of North Carolina Greensboro.
Acknowledgments
1. Three Failed Scientists
Part I: Constructing Heredity
2. Rehabilitating Sexuality: Degeneration versus Development
3. Paul Kammerer and Flexible Heredity
4. Sex, Race, and Heat Rats: Somatic Induction and the Double Gonad
5. "Productive" Eugenics: Harnessing the Energies of Development
Part II: Reform Eugenics
6. Heredity, Glands, and Human Constitutions
7. Tandler's Eugenic Enigmas
8. Working Jewish in Vienna
9. Asymmetry, Failure, and Flexible Heredity
Epilogue
Notes
Index
| Reihe/Serie | Studies in Modern Science, Technology, and the Environment |
|---|---|
| Zusatzinfo | 5 photographs |
| Verlagsort | New Brunswick NJ |
| Sprache | englisch |
| Maße | 152 x 229 mm |
| Gewicht | 481 g |
| Themenwelt | Sachbuch/Ratgeber ► Natur / Technik ► Naturführer |
| Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie | |
| ISBN-10 | 0-8135-5969-3 / 0813559693 |
| ISBN-13 | 978-0-8135-5969-8 / 9780813559698 |
| Zustand | Neuware |
| Informationen gemäß Produktsicherheitsverordnung (GPSR) | |
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