Toxicology- From Cells to Man

Proceedings of the 1995 EUROTOX Congress Meeting Held in Prague, Czech Republic, August 27–l30, 1995

Jürg P. Seiler, Olga Kroftova, Vladislav Eybl (Herausgeber)

Buch | Softcover

IX, 441 Seiten

2011
Springer Berlin (Verlag)
978-3-642-64696-6 (ISBN)

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Renal transport and xenobiotic metabolism play an important role in the detoxication and excretion of potentially toxic xenobiotics. However, recent experimental evidence has demonstrated that renal xenobiotic metabolism and renal transport processes also play an important role in the nephrotoxicity of xenobiotics and xenobiotic metabolites. The high blood flow to the kidney combined with its ability to concentrate solutes may expose the kidney to high concentrations of xenobiotics and xenobiotics metabolites present in the systemic circulation. Recently, it has been demonstrated that xenobiotic metabolites formed in the liver and other organs may be targeted to the kidney by selective transport systems~ many xenobiotics require enzymatic transformation to proximate reactive metabolites to elicit their toxic and carcinogenic effects. The enzymatic formation of reactive metabolites is termed bioactivation. The bioactivation mechanisms for many nephrotoxicants have, at least in part, been elucidated in the past 15 years. Many ultimate toxicants formed in the kidney are electrophiles whose interaction with cellular macromolecules may cause a perturbation of normal cell function resulting in necrosis and/or cancer (Anders 1988). Electrophilic metabolites may bind to nucleophilic sites in cellular macromolecules~ the importance of covalent modification of protein and DNA in cell killing and in the induction of tumors is established (Miller and Miller 1981~ Nelson and Pearson 1990~ Hinson and Roberts 1992). The objective of this review is to summarize new information about renal transport, renal bioactivation and their relation to nephrotoxicity using two relevant example for the basic mechanisms outlined above.

The Gerhard Zbinden Memorial Lecture.- Alteration of Cell Signalling in Chemical Toxicity.- Human Immunotoxicity and the Environment.- Halogenated Organic Compounds and the Human Immune System: Preliminary Report on a Study in Hobby Fishermen.- Risk Assessment for the Harmful Effects of UVB Radiation on the Immunological Resistance to Infectious Diseases.- Sentinel Screening for Human Immunotoxicity.- Impact of Environmental Pollution on Respiratory Sensitization and Asthma.- Functional Teratogenicity.- to Functional Teratology.- The Neurobehavioural Toxicology and Teratology of Lead.- Teratogenic Effects of Alcohol: Current Status of Animal Research and in vitro Models.- Developmental Neurotoxicology in the Neonate - Effects of Pesticides and Polychlorinated Organic Substances.- Drug Treatment in the Perinatal Period and the Risk of Functional Teratogenicity.- The Effects on Mammals of Pre- and Postnatal Environmental Exposure to PCBs: The Dutch Collaborative PCB/Dioxin Study.- Intercellular Communication.- Connexin Genes and Cell Growth Control.- Disruption of Polarized Function in Hepatocytes.- Cytokines in Human Lung Fibrosis.- The Glio-Vascular Toxicity of m-Dinitrobenzene and Related Agents: Modulation of Toxicity by Neuronal Activation.- Mechanistic Studies of the Inhibition of Intercellular Communication by Organochlorine Compounds.- Renal Toxicology.- Biotransformation and Renal Processing of Nephrotoxic Agents.- Methods for Studying Renal Toxicity.- Site Specific Drug and Xenobiotic Induced Renal Toxicity.- Metal Antidotes - New Developments.- Mobilizers of Stored Cadmium.- Chemical, Pharmacological, Toxicological and Therapeutic Advances of Deferiprone (LI) and Other Iron and Aluminium Chelators.- Free Radicals.- Free Radicals in Toxicology: Redox Cycling andNAD(P)H:Quinone Oxidoreductase.- Cytotoxic Impact of DNA Single vs Double Strand Breaks in Oxidatively Injured Cells.- Mineral Fiber-Induced Oxidative Stress in Phagocytes.- Toward Risk Assessment of Heterocyclic Amines in Food.- Chemical Methods for Assessing Systemic Exposure to Dietary Heterocyclic Amines in Man.- Immunological Methods for Dosimetry of Heterocyclic Amines.- Formation and Processing of Reactive Metabolites of the Heterocyclic Amines.- Enzymic and Interindividual Differences in the Human Metabolism of Heterocyclic Amines.- Extrapolation of Heterocyclic Amine Carcinogenesis Data from Rodents and Nonhuman Primates to Humans.- Clinical Toxicology of Peptides and Proteins.- Antibodies Proposed as Therapeutic Agents.- Unanticipated Human Toxicology of Recombinant Proteins.- The Mechanism of Action of Tetanus and Botulinum Neurotoxins.- Individual Susceptibility to Occupational Toxicants.- Specific Factors Leading to Interindividual Variability in Response to Occupational Toxicants.- Genetic Predisposition in Occupational Toxicology.- Individual Susceptibility to Occupational Toxicants: Practical Consequences for Risk Management.- Ecotoxicology in Central Europe.- Persistent Organic Pollutants - the State of Contamination of Ambient Air in Central Europe. Possible Sources and Effects.- Interdisciplinary "Case Studies" and Training Experts for Primary Prevention of Environmentally-Born Health Hazard.- Plants and Animals as Biomonitors of Heavy Metal Level in the Aquatic Ecosystem of the River Danube.- Ataxonomic Assessment of Phytoplankton Integrity by Means of Flow Cytometry.- The Young Scientist Poster Award.- Identification of the Highly Polymorphic S-Mephenytoin Hydroxylase in Humans.

Erscheint lt. Verlag	22.9.2011
Reihe/Serie	Archives of Toxicology
Zusatzinfo	IX, 441 p.
Verlagsort	Berlin
Sprache	englisch
Maße	155 x 235 mm
Gewicht	685 g
Themenwelt	Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Pharmakologie / Pharmakotherapie
	Medizin / Pharmazie ► Pharmazie
	Studium ► Querschnittsbereiche ► Infektiologie / Immunologie
	Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Biochemie
Schlagworte	Asthma • Cytokine • developmental neurotoxicology • DNA • ecotoxicology • Environment • infectious disease • Metabolism • Neurotoxicology • Pesticide • Protein • proteins • resistance • Toxicity • Toxicology
ISBN-10	3-642-64696-4 / 3642646964
ISBN-13	978-3-642-64696-6 / 9783642646966
Zustand	Neuware