Fiber Bragg Gratings (eBook)

Raman Kashyap (Autor)

eBook Download: PDF

1999 | 1. Auflage
458 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-0-08-050627-2 (ISBN)

Infos

Optical fibers have revolutionized telecommunication, becoming the most widely used and the most efficient device for relaying information over long distances. While the market for optical fiber continues to grow, the next stage in the field of communication is the mass delivery of integrated services, such as home banking, shopping, internet services, and entertainment using video on demand. The economies and performance potential will determine the type of technology likely to succeed in the provision of these services. But it is already clear that optical fibers will play a crucial role in communication systems of the future. The opportunities provided by fiber Bragg gratings are of enormous importance for the further development of the fiber optic communication lines as cost-effective and efficient devices of the future.
Fiber Bragg Gratings is the result of a growing demand for focused and reliable information on the subject. It brings together the fundamentals of fiber gratings, their specific characterizations, and numerous applications. In addition to researchers, scientists, and graduate students, it will be of interest to industrial practitioners in the field of fabrication of fiber optic materials and devices. It begins with the principles of fiber Bragg grating, from photosensitization of optical fibers, Bragg grating fabrication, theory, properties of grating, specific application, and concludes with measurement techniques.


* Addresses one of the most promising fields for future development in applied optics
* First book ever on the subject of fiber Bragg gratings
* Written by a pioneer in the field of optical communications
* Covers topics important to both research and industry
* Discusses theory, practical applications, and measurement

Inhalt

Cover 1
Contents 8
Preface 14
Chapter 1. Introduction 20
1.1 Historical perspective 21
1.2 Materials for glass fibers 23
1.3 Origins of the refractive index of glass 25
1.4 Overview of chapters 27
References 30
Chapter 2. Photosensitivity and Photosensitization of Optical Fibers 32
2.1 Photorefractivity and photosensitivity 33
2.2 Defects in glass 35
2.3 Detection of defects 38
2.4 Photosensitization techniques 39
2.5 Densification and stress in fibers 54
2.6 Summary of photosensitive mechanisms in germanosilicate fibers 55
2.7 Summary of routes to photosentization 57
Chapter 3. Fabrication of Bragg Gratings 74
3.1 Methods for fiber Bragg grating fabrication 74
3.2 Type II gratings 120
3.3 Type IIA gratings 120
3.4 Sources for holographic writing of gratings 121
Chapter 4. Theory of Fiber Bragg Gratings 138
4.1 Wave Propagation 140
4.2 Coupled-mode theory 144
4.3 Coupling of counterpropagating guided modes 161
4.4 Codirectional coupling 164
4.5 Polarization couplers: Rocking filters 167
4.6 Properties of uniform Bragg gratings 171
4.7 Radiation mode couplers 176
4.8 Grating simulation 197
4.9 Multilayer analysis 204
Chapter 5. Apodization of Fiber Gratings 214
5.1 Apodization shading functions 216
5.2 Basic principles and methodology 218
5.3 Fabrication requirements for apodization and chirp 240
References 242
Chapter 6. Fiber Grating Band-pass Filters 246
6.1 Distributed feedback, Fabry–Perot, superstructures, and moiré gratings 248
6.2 The Fabry–Perot and moiré band-pass filters 261
6.3 The Michelson interferometer band-pass filter 265
6.4 The Mach-Zehnder interferometer band-pass filter 279
6.5 The optical circulator based OADM 284
6.6 The polarizing beam splitter band-pass filter 291
6.7 In-coupler Bragg grating filters 295
6.8 Side-tap and long-period grating band-pass filters 307
6.9 Polarization rocking band-pass filter 312
6.10 Mode converters 316
References 319
Chapter 7. Chirped Fiber Bragg Gratings 330
7.1 General characteristics of chirped gratings 331
7.2 Chirped and step-chirped gratings 336
7.3 Super-step-chirped gratings 351
7.4 Polarization mode dispersion in chirped gratings 355
7.5 Systems measurements with DCGs 358
7.6 Other applications of chirped gratings 365
References 366
Chapter 8. Fiber Grating Lasers and Amplifiers 374
8.1 Fiber grating semiconductor lasers: The FGSL 374
8.2 Static and dynamic properties of FGLs 381
8.3 The fiber Bragg grating rare-earth-doped fiber laser 389
8.4 Erbium-doped fiber lasers 391
8.5 The distributed feedback fiber laser 396
8.6 Bragg grating based pulsed sources 399
8.7 Fiber grating resonant Raman amplifiers 402
8.8 Gain-flattening and clamping in fiber amplifiers 404
Chapter 9. Measurement and Characterization of Gratings 428
9.1 Measurement of reflection and transmission spectra of Bragg gratings 429
9.2 Perfect Bragg gratings 436
9.3 Phase and temporal response of Bragg gratings 437
9.4 Strength, annealing, and lifetime of gratings 454
References 460
Index 466
Optics and Photonics (Formerly Quantum Electronics) 478

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 6.3.1999
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie ► Optik
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Elektrotechnik / Energietechnik
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Nachrichtentechnik
• ISBN-10: 0-08-050627-5 / 0080506275
• ISBN-13: 978-0-08-050627-2 / 9780080506272