Advances in Biomedical Engineering (eBook)

Pascal Verdonck (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: EPUB

2008 | 1. Auflage
320 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-0-08-093208-8 (ISBN)

Infos

The aim of this essential reference is to bring together the interdisciplinary areas of biomedical engineering education. Contributors review the latest advances in biomedical engineering research through an educational perspective, making the book useful for students and professionals alike. Topics range from biosignal analysis and nanotechnology to biophotonics and cardiovascular medical devices.

- Provides an educational review of recent advances
- Focuses on biomedical high technology
- Features contributions from leaders in the field

Inhalt

Front Cover 1
Advances in Biomedical Engineering 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 6
Preface 10
List of Contributors 12
Chapter 1 Review of Research in Cardiovascular Devices 14
1 Introduction 15
2 The Heart Diseases 21
3 The Cardiovascular Devices in Open-Heart Surgery 21
3.1 Blood Pumps 22
3.2 Valve Prostheses 36
3.3 Heart Pacemaker 47
4 The Minimally Invasive Cardiology Tools 47
5 The Technology for Atrial Fibrillation 51
6 Minimally Invasive Surgery 52
6.1 The Classical Thoracoscopic Tools 53
6.2 The Surgical Robots 56
6.3 Blood Pumps – MIS Application Study 62
7 The Minimally Invasive Valve Implantation 66
8 Support Technology for Surgery Planning 66
9 Conclusions 70
Chapter 2 Biomechanical Modeling of Stents: Survey 1997–2007 74
1 Introduction 75
2 Finite Element Modeling of Stents 76
2.1 Finite element basics 76
2.2 Geometrical design and approximation 77
2.3 Material properties 78
2.4 Loading and boundary conditions 79
2.5 Finite element stent design 79
2.6 Effective use of FEA 81
3 Survey of the State of the Art in Stent Modeling: 1997–2007 81
3.1 Neglect of the balloon 82
3.2 Cylindrical balloon 87
3.3 Folded balloon 91
3.4 Summary 94
4 Alternative methods for biomechanical modeling of stents 97
4.1 FEM – Prolapse, flexibility, and strut micromechanics 97
4.2 FEM – Self-expandable stents 98
4.3 CFD–drug elution and immersed FEM 100
5 Future Prospects 101
6 Conclusion 101
Chapter 3 Signal Extraction in Multisensor Biomedical Recordings 108
1 Introduction 109
1.1 Aim and scope of the chapter 109
1.2 Mathematical notations 110
2 Genesis of Biomedical Signals 111
2.1 A biomedical source model 111
2.2 Cardiac signals 114
2.3 Brain signals 118
3 Multi-Reference Optimal Wiener Filtering 122
3.1 Non-invasive fetal ECG extraction 122
3.2 Optimal Wiener filtering 123
3.3 Adaptive noise cancellation 125
3.4 Results 126
4 Spatio-Temporal Cancellation 128
4.1 Atrial activity extraction in atrial fibrillation 128
4.2 Spatio-temporal cancellation of the QRST complex in AF episodes 130
5 Blind Source Separation (BSS) 136
5.1 The isolation of interictal epileptic discharges in the EEG 136
5.2 Modeling and assumptions 138
5.3 Inherent indeterminacies 140
5.4 Statistical independence, higher-order statistics and non-Gaussianity 140
5.5 Independent component analysis 142
5.6 Algorithms 144
5.7 Results 146
5.8 Incorporating prior information into the separation model 149
5.9 Independent subspaces 151
5.10 Softening the stationarity constraint 151
5.11 Revealing more sources than sensor signals 151
6 Summary, Conclusions and Outlook 152
Chapter 4 Fluorescence Lifetime Spectroscopy and Imaging of Visible Fluorescent Proteins 158
1 Introduction 159
2 Introduction to Fluorescence 159
2.1 Interaction of light with matter 159
2.2 The Jablonski diagram 160
2.3 Fluorescence parameters 164
2.4 Fluorescence lifetime 164
2.5 Measurement of fluorescence lifetime 166
2.6 Fluorescence anisotropy and polarization 168
2.7 Factors affecting fluorescence 170
3 Fluorophores and Fluorescent Proteins 173
3.1 Green fluorescent protein 174
3.2 Red fluorescent protein 178
4 Applications of VFPs 179
4.1 Lifetime spectroscopy and imaging of VFPs 180
5 Concluding Remarks 183
Chapter 5 Monte Carlo Simulations in Nuclear Medicine Imaging 188
1 Introduction 189
2 Nuclear Medicine Imaging 189
2.1 Single photon imaging 190
2.2 Positron emission tomography 191
2.3 Emission tomography in small animal imaging 192
2.4 Reconstruction 192
3 The MC Method 193
3.1 Random numbers 193
3.2 Sampling methods 194
3.3 Photon transport modeling 195
3.4 Scoring 196
4 Relevance of Accurate MC Simulations in Nuclear Medicine 197
4.1 Studying detector design 197
4.2 Analysing quantification issues 197
4.3 Correction methods for image degradations 198
4.4 Detection tasks using MC simulations 199
4.5 Applications in other domains 199
5 Available MC Simulators 200
6 Gate 201
6.1 Basic features 201
6.2 GATE: Time management 205
6.3 GATE: Digitization 206
7 Efficiency-Accuracy Trade-Off 207
7.1 Accuracy and validation 207
7.2 Calculation time 207
8 Case Studies 208
8.1 Case study I: TOF-PET 208
8.2 Case study II: Assessment of PVE correction 209
8.3 Case study III: MC-based reconstruction 210
9 Future Prospects 213
10 Conclusion 213
Chapter 6 Biomedical Visualization 222
1 Introduction 223
2 Scalar Field Visualization 224
2.1 Direct volume rendering 224
2.2 Isosurface extraction 233
2.3 Time-dependent scalar field visualization 235
3. Vector Field Visualization 236
3.1 Vector field methods in scientific visualization 237
3.2 Streamline-based techniques 238
3.3 Stream surfaces 239
3.4 Texture representations 242
3.5 Topology 245
4. Tensor Field Visualization 247
4.1 Anisotropy and tensor invariants 248
4.2 Color coding of major eigenvector orientation 249
4.3 Tensor glyphs 249
4.4 Fiber tractography 252
4.5 Volume rendering 254
4.6 White matter segmentation using tensor invariants 257
5 Multi-field Visualization 258
6 Error and Uncertainty Visualization 263
7 Visualization Software 267
7.1 SCIRun/BioPSE visualization tools 268
7.2 map3d 271
8 Summary and Conclusion 276
Index 286
Color Plates 296

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 11.9.2008
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Pflege
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Physiotherapie / Ergotherapie ► Orthopädie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Chemie ► Technische Chemie
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Medizintechnik
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Umwelttechnik / Biotechnologie
• ISBN-10: 0-08-093208-8 / 0080932088
• ISBN-13: 978-0-08-093208-8 / 9780080932088