Plastics (eBook)

Microstructure and Engineering Applications

Mike Jenkins, Nigel Mills (Autoren)

eBook Download: PDF

2005 | 3. Auflage
528 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-0-08-049774-7 (ISBN)

Infos

"Now in its Third Edition, Plastics is the key text for senior students studying the science and engineering of plastic materials. Starting from microstructure and physical properties, the book covers the mechanical, chemical and electrical properties of plastic materials, and also deals in detail with wider plastics issues that today's engineers and materials scientists need such as manufacturing processes and the design of plastic products.

The new edition has been updated to reflect changes in polymer technology and the plastics industry, and the increased knowledge of the mechanical properties of plastics. A new first chapter introduces plastics properties through practical exercises, to help students to see the relevance of more academic chapters. Computer modeling has revealed the mechanics of many types of composites, so the emphasis of chapter 4 has shifted to modeling. Applications, product design and process technology have moved on, consequently the case studies in chapter 14 were updated. A new chapter 15 introduces sport and biomaterials case studies, since increasing numbers of students are enrolled on courses with these emphases. The material has been thoroughly updated, and the principles of polymer structure-property relationships set out more clearly.

*Meets latest undergraduate needs for studying polymer properties
*Expended coverage of materials selection and shape selection
*New teaching case studies plus new material on plastics for use in sport applications and biomaterials
*Examination questions to accompany each chapter, with online Instructor Solutions Manual"

Inhalt

Front Cover 1
Plastics Microstructure and Applications 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 6
Preface 9
Chapter 1. Introduction to plastics 12
1.1 Introduction 13
1.2 Dismantling consumer products 13
1.3 Mechanical and optical properties of everyday products 20
1.4 Identifying plastics 24
1.5 Product features related to processing 25
1.6 Summary 31
Chapter 2. Molecular structures and polymer manufacture 32
2.1 Introduction 33
2.2 Bonding and intermolecular forces in polymers 35
2.3 Polymerisation 38
2.4 Chain regularity 45
2.5 Branched and crosslinked polymers 49
2.6 Technology and economics of manufacture 53
2.7 Grades and applications of commodity plastic 57
Chapter 3. Microstructure 66
3.1 Introduction 67
3.2 Modelling the shape of a polymer molecule 67
3.3 Non-crystalline forms 70
3.4 Semi-crystalline polymers 88
Chapter 4. Polymeric composites 106
4.1 Introduction 107
4.2 Elastic moduli 107
4.3 Layered structures 114
4.4 Rubber toughening 116
4.5 Phase-separated structures 124
4.6 Modulus of spherulitic polyethylene 128
4.7 Foams 132
4.8 Short fibre reinforcement 138
Chapter 5. Processing 144
5.1 Introduction 145
5.2 Heat transfer mechanisms 145
5.3 Melt flow of thermoplastics 150
5.4 Extrusion 156
5.5 Processes involving melt inflation 161
5.6 Injection moulding 172
5.7 Rapid prototyping 183
Chapter 6. Effects of melt processing 186
6.1 Introduction 187
6.2 Microstructural changes 187
6.3 Macroscopic effects 196
6.4 Fusion of particle and bead polymers 206
Chapter 7. Viscoelastic behaviour 214
7.1 Introduction 215
7.2 Linear viscoelastic models 216
7.3 Creep design 222
7.4 Cyclic deformation 229
Chapter 8. Yielding 240
8.1 Molecular mechanisms of yielding 241
8.2 Yield under different stress states 244
8.3 Yield on different timescales 257
8.4 Orientation hardening 257
8.5 Micro-yielding 260
Chapter 9. Fracture 268
9.1 Introduction 269
9.2 Fracture surfaces and their interpretation 269
9.3 Crack initiation 271
9.4 Crack growth 279
9.5 Impact tests 293
Chapter 10. Degradation and environmental effects 302
10.1 Introduction 303
10.2 Degradation during processing 303
10.3 Degradation at elevated temperatures 307
10.4 Fire 313
10.5 Weathering 317
10.6 Environmental stress cracking 324
Chapter 11. Transport properties 332
11.1 Gases 333
11.2 Liquids 344
11.3 Solids 347
11.4 Light 351
11.5 Thermal barriers 357
Chapter 12. Electrical properties 362
12.1 Volume and surface resistivity 363
12.2 Insulation and semiconducting polymers 365
12.3 Dielectric behaviour 377
12.4 Flexible switches and electrets 383
Chapter 13. Design: Material and shape selection 388
13.1 Introduction 389
13.2 Polymer selection 389
13.3 Shape selection to optimise stiffness 393
13.4 Product shapes for injection moulding 406
13.5 Instrument panel case study 410
Chapter 14. Engineering case studies 414
14.1 Introduction 415
14.2 Pipes for natural gas distribution 415
14.3 Bicycle helmets 431
14.4 Data storage on polycarbonate discs 438
14.5 Summary 446
Chapter 15. Sport and biomaterials case studies 448
15.1 Introduction 449
15.2 Dynamic climbing ropes 449
15.3 Blood bag case study 459
15.4 UHMWPE for hip joint implants 467
Appendix A. Diffusion of heat or impurities 478
A.1 Molecular models for diffusion 479
A.2 Differential equations for diffusion 479
A.3 Solutions to the differential equations 482
Appendix B. Polymer melt flow analysis 488
B.1 Strain rates in channel flows 489
B.2 Shear flow outputs from a slot or cylindrical die 490
B.3 Presentation of melt flow data 492
Appendix C. Mechanics concepts 494
C.1 Beam bending 495
C.2 Biaxial stresses and plane-strain elasticity 500
C.3 Pressurised pipe 501
Appendix D. Questions 504
Appendix E. Solutions of problems in chapter 14 514
Further Reading 518
Index 524

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 15.10.2005
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Chemie ► Technische Chemie
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Maschinenbau
• Themenwelt: Wirtschaft
• ISBN-10: 0-08-049774-8 / 0080497748
• ISBN-13: 978-0-08-049774-7 / 9780080497747