CROP Project (eBook)

Deep Seismic Exploration of the Central Mediterranean and Italy

I.R. Finetti (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2005 | 1. Auflage
794 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-0-08-045760-4 (ISBN)

Infos

This book presents and discusses new data ranging from Alps to Africa, obtained by the CROP PROJECT (transcrustal seismic exploration of the Mediterranean and Italy). New lithospheric imagings of relevant importance for understanding disputed topics are provided. Alps, Apennines, Calabrian Arc, Sicilian Apennine, Maghrebian Chain, Corso-Sardinian Block, paleo-basins (Ionian, Alpine Tethys), neo-basins (Balearic and Tyrrhenian) are innovatively reconstructed.

* Provides new data from the Alps to Africa
* Presents interpretation of the CROP seismic network data
* Offers a stepwise increase in information with new data for further studies

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CROP Project: Deep Seismic Exploration of the Central Mediterranean and Italy presents and discusses new data ranging from Alps to Africa, obtained by the CROP PROJECT (transcrustal seismic exploration of the Mediterranean and Italy). New lithospheric imagings of relevant importance for understanding disputed topics are provided. Alps, Apennines, Calabrian Arc, Sicilian Apennine, Maghrebian Chain, Corso-Sardinian Block, paleo-basins (Ionian, Alpine Tethys), neo-basins (Balearic and Tyrrhenian) are innovatively reconstructed. - Provides new data from the Alps to Africa- Presents interpretation of the CROP seismic network data- Offers a stepwise increase in information with new data for further studies

Inhalt

About the Editor 6
Editorial Board 7
Preface 8
Acknowledgements 10
Contents 12
Review of the Main Results of the Pioneering MS Seismic Exploration Programme in the Deep Water of the Mediterranean Sea (OGS, 1969-1980) 16
Introduction 16
The MS Seismic Lines in the Mediterranean Deep Water 17
Some of the main information obtained from the MS seismic lines 17
Western Mediterranean Sea 18
Tyrrhenian Sea 18
Ionian Sea 21
Calabrian and Hellenic Arcs 25
Levantine Sea 37
Pelagian Sea (Sicily Channel Rift Zone) and Sirte Margin 39
Southern Adriatic Basin 40
Early Geophysical Reconstruction of the Tyrrhenian Opening-Related Tectonics 40
Acknowledgements 43
References 43
Review of Seismic Wide-Angle Reflection-Refraction (WARR) Results in the Italian Region (1956-1987) 46
Introduction 46
Interpretative cross-sections 50
Results in the Alpine region 51
Ligurian, Tuscan, North Apennines region, Sardo-Corsican block 55
Tyrrhenian sea, Central-Southern Apennines, Calabrian arc 57
Sardinian channel, Sicilian channel, Northern Tunisia 63
A new unified map of the Moho boundary in the Italian region: conclusions 64
Memorial 68
References[4] 68
Gravity and Magnetic Fields of the Central Mediterranean Region 72
Gravity 72
Magnetometry 76
Geological & structural considerations
Gravity 79
Magnetometry 82
References 82
Bedrock Geology of the Tyrrhenian Sea Insight on Alpine Paleogeography and Magmatic Evolution of the Basin 84
Introduction 84
Pre-rift rocks and rock associations (Figure 2) 86
Corsica-Sardinia Variscan basement (including pre-Oligocene cover rocks) 86
Metamorphic units of ``Alpine Corsica'' Auctt. (including pre-Oligocene rocks) 86
Calabride-Peloritanian-Kabilide units (including pre-Oligocene rocks) 86
Oligocene to Middle-Late Miocene sedimentary rocks in Sardinia, Corsica, and on the Calabride-Peloritanian-Kabilide units 88
Ophiolites of the Tethyan domain and their pelagic sedimentary cover 88
Apenninic-Maghrebian units: Liguride (except for ophiolites), Sicilide, and associated deep water, often chaotic units (Molise, Sannio, Lucania, etc.) 88
Apenninic-Maghrebian units: Carbonate sequences of the Adriatic-African margin, including pre-Tortonian clastic or carbonate successions 88
Central Tyrrhenian metamorphic rocks of uncertain paleogeographic attribution 89
Tyrrhenian mantle serpentinites 89
Tertiary to recent igneous rocks (Figure 3) 89
Oligocene to Middle Miocene rocks with island arc basalt type mantle sources (Corsica and Sardinia on land) 89
Tortonian to Recent rocks either with mantle sources contaminated by crustal materials, or derived from upper crustal sources, or derived by mixing between crustal and mantle sources (Tuscany and Latium on land) 89
Pleistocene to recent rocks with ocean island basalt mantle sources enriched by subduction-related sources (Campania) 89
Pliocene to Recent rocks with island arc basalt type mantle sources 89
Pliocene to Recent rocks derived from ocean island basalt (OIB) type and from mid-oceanic ridge basalt (MORB) mantle sources 91
Rocks from undefined magma sources 91
Discussion 91
Pre-Tortonian rocks, their nature and distribution 91
Late Miocene to Recent igneous rocks, their nature and distribution 92
Volcanism and oceanic crust in the southern Tyrrhenian Basin 92
Pliocene to Recent magma types 92
Magmatism and history of subduction 93
Conclusions 93
Memorial 94
References 94
CROP Seismic Data Acquisition, Processing and Interpretative Reprocessing 96
Introduction 96
Data acquisition of the CROP seismic network 102
Basic data processing 102
Interpretative reprocessing 104
Velocity Analysis and Multiple Removal 104
Velocity analysis. 105
Multiple removal. 106
Reprocessing of Low Amplitude Signal 110
Time and Depth Imaging 111
Concluding remarks 115
Acknowledgements 115
References 115
Ionian and Alpine Neotethyan Oceans Opening 118
Introduction 118
Ionian Neotethys opening in time and space 118
Alpine Neotethys opening in time and space 121
Acknowledgements 121
References 121
Crustal Tectono-Stratigraphic Sections across the Western and Eastern Alps from ECORS-CROP and Transalp Seismic Data 124
Introduction 124
ECORS-CROP profile across the Western Alps 126
Tectonic Framework of the Profile 126
Seismic Interpretation of ECORS-CROP Trans-Western Alps Profile 126
Transalp profile 129
Depth contour map of the Moho interface in the Alpine region and tectono-kinematic considerations 132
Acknowledgements 132
References 132
Lithospheric Tectono-Stratigraphic Setting of the Ligurian Sea-Northern Apennines-Adriatic Foreland from Integrated CROP Seismic Data 134
Introduction 135
Regional setting 137
Interpretation of CROP seismic sections 137
Ligurian-Balearic Sea and Corsica-Sardinia Block 139
Corsica Basin 142
Etrurian Asthenospheric Bulge 145
Northern Tyrrhenian-Northern Apennines Thrust Belt 145
Surface data 147
A transect across the hinterland basins 147
Thrust geometry in the axial zone of the Northern Apennines 153
Tranverse structures and geothermal fields 157
Deformation analysis of the Northern Apennines 160
Seismicity of Umbria-Marche active zone 164
Geodynamical interpretation and conclusions 167
(a) Pre-orogenic Paleogeography. 167
(b) Eo-Alpine Geodynamic stage (Upper Cretaceous-Lower Eocene). 167
(c) South Alpine and First Apenninic-Balearic stage. 168
(d) Tyrrhenian stage. 168
Acknowledgements 168
References 169
List of chapter plates 173
Crustal Geological Section across Central Italy from the Corsica Basin to the Adriatic Sea Based on Geological and CROP Seismic Data 174
Introduction 175
Regional stratigraphic and tectonic setting 178
Surface and sub-surface geological-structural and geophysical data of Central Italy 178
(a) The Alpine Neotethys Units 181
(b) The presence of a ``Tuscan succession'' 181
(c) The Sabine Units 181
(d) The Lazio-Abruzzi Carbonate Platform Units. 182
(d1) The Simbruini Mts.-Ernici Unit Mts. 182
(d2) The Mt. Gabbia, D'Ocre Mts.-Mt. Velino structures. 182
(d3) The La Meta-Le Mainarde Mts., Montagna Grande and Mt. Genzana Structures. 182
(d4) The Gran Sasso Salient. 182
(d5) The Mt. Morrone Thrust. 184
(e) The Outer Units of the Messinian and Pliocene Foredeeps 184
(e1) The Laga Unit. 184
(e2) The Maiella Unit and buried units of the peri-Adriatic area. 184
(f) The Molise Units. 187
Meso-Cenozoic stratigraphy of the Apulia Platform and Pliocene evolution of the Abruzzi Basin 188
Macrostratigraphy and evolution of the Central Apennines through the Mesozoic. 188
(a) Platform successions. 188
(b) Margin successions. 191
(c) Slope successions. 191
(d) Basin successions. 192
Evidence for Mesozoic rifting geodynamics and paleogeographic overview. 192
The Pliocene Abruzzi Basin (Central Apennines). 193
Crustal geological section from the Corsica Basin to the Adriatic sea 196
Basic data utilized 196
(a) Segment AB. 198
(b) Segment BC. 198
(c) Segment CD. 198
(d) Segment DE. 198
Reconstructed Tectono-Stratigraphic Section 198
(a) Corsica Basin. 198
(b) Tuscan - Latial Continental Margin and Hinterland of the Northern Apennines Orogenic System. 201
(c) Northern Apennine Lithospheric Thrusting Arc, Southern Segment (Olevano-Antrodoco). 202
(d) Gran Sasso and Maiella Lithospheric Thrusts characterizing the Central Apennine Belt. 202
(e) The Adriatic Crustal Section. 205
Evolutive geodynamic scheme 206
Conclusions 206
Acknowledgements 207
References 207
Understanding the Ionides and their Geodynamics 212
Introduction 212
Time-Space Opening of the Ionian Tethys 213
Definition and Stratigraphy of the Ionides 215
Tectono-Dynamics and Distribution of the Ionides in the Southern Apennines-Calabrian Arc-Sicilian Apennines 216
Acknowledgements 221
References 221
Ionian Tethydes in the Southern Apennines 224
Introduction 224
Triassic and Early Jurassic Facies in the Northern Apennines 225
Southern Apennines 226
Lagonegro Sequence 227
Lagonegro Lower Sequence 229
Monte Facito fm. 229
Cherty Limestones (Calcari con selce). 232
Siliceous Schists (Scisti Silicei). 233
Galestri (Flysch Galestrino). 233
The Lagonegro Lower sequence in Molise. 233
The Lagonegro-Molise Upper Sequence 233
The Paleogeographic Meaning of the Lagonegro-Molise Sequences 234
Conclusions 234
References 236
Crustal Tectono-Stratigraphy and Geodynamics of the Southern Apennines from CROP and other Integrated Geophysical-Geological Data 240
Introduction 241
Regional tectono-stratigraphic setting of the Southern Apennines 242
Apulian Platform 246
Apulian Foreland. 246
External Thrust System. 248
Mt. Alpi Unit. 248
Rotondella Unit. 249
Apenninic Chain Units 249
Ionides. 249
Ionian Flysch-type sequences (Irpinian Basin). 253
Apenninic Platform Units. 255
Marzano Mt.-Maddalena Mts. Unit. 256
Picentini Mts. Unit. 256
Foraporta Mt. Unit. 256
Alburno-Cervati-Pollino Unit. 256
Capri-Bulgheria-Verbicaro Unit. 257
S. Donato Unit. 257
Alpine Tethydes. 257
Liguride Units. 257
Cilento Unit. 262
Sicilide Units. 262
Alpine Tethys Flysch (Albidona Flysch). 262
Upper Miocene-Lower Pliocene Deposits. 263
Pliocene-Quaternary Deposits. 263
Bradanic Foredeep Plio-Quaternary Deposits. 264
Reconstruction of a lithospheric seismogeological section across the southern apennines from the Tyrrhenian ocean basin to the Adriatic Apulian coast 264
Basic Data used for reconstruction of the Seismogeological Section 265
Seismic Interpretation 265
Stacked Allochthonous Blocks on the Tyrrhenian Margin, and Ionian Slab. 265
The Alpine Tethydes (Ligurides/Sicilide) and the Ionides (Lagonegrese). 271
Alpine Tethydes (Ligurides/Sicilide Units). 271
Ionides (Lagonegrese Units). 272
Apulian Platform Crustal Setting. 272
Geodynamic evolution 273
Concluding remarks 274
Acknowledgements 275
References 275
Magnetotelluric Profiling along the CROP-04 Section in the Southern Apennines 281
Introduction 282
Geological outline along the MT profiles 283
MT data acquisition and processing 284
MT data modelling 287
Combined MT-gravity modelling 287
Geological discussion and conclusion 296
References 297
Multiscale Derivative Analysis of the Gravity and Magnetic Fields of the Southern Apennines (Italy) 299
Introduction 299
Geological framework of the Southern Apennines 302
Multiscale derivative analysis of potential fields 302
Multiscale derivative analysis of Southern Apennines: gravity data 303
Large scale 305
Intermediate scale 308
The Apenninic chain: tectonic units resulting from the deformation of the external Apenninic domains 310
The ``Matese-M. Maggiore'' Units. 310
The ``Monti Picentini-Taburno-Aurunci'' Unit. 310
The ``Mt. Marzano-M. della Maddalena'' Unit. 310
The Sele plain. 311
The Tyrrhenian region. 311
The Calabrian-Lucanian Apennines. 311
The Bradano foredeep and the Apulia-Gargano platform. 311
Short scale 312
The Apenninic chain: tectonic units resulting from the deformation of the external Apenninic domains 312
The ``Monti Picentini-Taburno-Aurunci'' Unit. 312
The Campanian volcanic district. 312
Neogenic Apenninic lithostratigraphic units from pre- to late orogenic: the Molise units. 315
The Sele plain. 315
The Cilento area: tectonic units resulting from the deformation of the external Apenninic domains (Alburno-Cervati units) and neogenic lithostratigraphic units from pre- to late orogenic (Cilento units). 315
The Calabrian-Lucanian Apennines. 317
The Tyrrhenian basin offshore the Salerno, Naples and Gaeta gulfs. 319
The Tyrrhenian basin offshore of the Cilento area. 319
The Ionian basin offshore Calabria and Lucania. 319
The Bradano foredeep and the Apulia-Gargano platform. 319
Multiscale derivative analysis of Southern Apennines: aeromagnetic data 321
Large scale 321
Intermediate scale 322
Short scale 325
Foreland area. 326
Chain area. 326
Conclusions 329
Legend I - Description of major lineaments identified by EHD maxima. Intermediate scale MDA of gravity data in Southern Italy 330
Legend II - Description of major lineaments identified from EHD maxima. Short scale MDA of gravity data in Southern Italy: north-western sector 331
Legend III - Description of major lineaments identified from EHD maxima. Short scale MDA of gravity data in Southern Italy: north-eastern sector 332
Legend IV - Description of major lineaments identified from EHD maxima. Short scale MDA of gravity data in southern Italy: southern sector 333
Legend V - Description of major lineaments identified from EHD maxima. Large scale MDA of magnetic data in Southern Italy 334
Legend VI - Description of major lineaments identified from EHD maxima. Intermediate scale MDA of magnetic data in Southern Italy 334
Legend VII - Description of major lineaments identified from EHD maxima. Short scale MDA of magnetic data in Southern Italy: foreland area 334
Legend VIII - Description of major lineaments identified from EHD maxima. Short scale MDA of magnetic data in Southern Italy: chain area 334
References 335
Geological Outline of Sicily and Lithospheric Tectono-Dynamics of its Tyrrhenian Margin from New CROP Seismic Data 337
Introduction 338
Geological setting and tectonostratigraphic units of Sicily 339
The Foreland Domain 339
Hyblean Plateau. 341
Sciacca Platform. 343
The orogenic domains 345
External Thrust System (ETS): Pelagian-Sicilian Thrust Belt. 345
Western Sicily. 345
Eastern Sicily. 350
Apenninic Chain (AC). 350
The Ionides. 351
Sicanian Units. 351
M. Genuardo Subunit. 353
Pizzo Mondello Subunit. 353
M. Barracù-M. Colomba Subunit. 353
M. Judica Unit. 353
Gagliano Unit. 354
Imerese Unit. 354
Lercara Unit. 355
Ionian Terrigenous Sequences. 357
Numidian Flysch. 358
Panormide Platform Units. 358
Panormide Terrigenous Covers. 359
Alpine Tethydes. 359
Calabride Chain. 362
Tertiary Terrigenous Covers. 364
Hinterland Areas. 364
Capo d'Orlando Flysch. 364
Floresta Calcarenites. 367
Post-Burdigalian Migrating Forearc Basin. 367
Alpine Tethys Terrigenous Cover. 367
Troina-Tusa Flysch. 369
``Far Travelled'' Numidian Flysch. 369
Reitano Flysch. 369
Neogene-Quaternary Foredeep and Thrust Top Basin Deposits. 369
Crustal Tectonic setting of Central Sicily 370
Seismic interpretation of CROP sections and selected other lines 372
CROP Section M23B/M23A2/M23A1 (Part) in the Sicily Channel-NW Pelagian Sea 372
CROP Section M29A 375
CROP Section M28A 377
CROP section M6A/M24 and interposed Western Sicily Terrain 381
CROP Section M26, Southeastern Tyrrhenian Margin 383
Crustal sections across Western and Eastern Sicily 383
Section CROP M21 across the Hyblean-Maltese Escarpement-Ionian Sea 385
CROP-constrained geodynamic evolution 389
Acknowledgements 390
References 390
Comparative NV and WA Seismic Modelling of CROP Sections in the Tyrrhenian Sea 397
Introduction 397
Lithospheric Outline of the Southern Tyrrhenian-Sicily Margin 398
Wide-Angle Data Acquisition and Processing 398
Construction of data matrix. 400
Static corrections. 400
Amplitude balancing function. 400
1D and 2D frequency filters. 400
Stacking and trace binning. 400
Coherency filters. 401
Polarization analysis. 401
Geophysical Modelling 401
Seismic Modelling 403
CROP M26 Section. 406
CROP M28A Section. 407
Gravity Modelling 411
Acknowledgements 411
References 411
The Calabrian Arc and Subducting Ionian Slab from New CROP Seismic Data 413
Introduction 414
Crop Seismic Data Described 415
CROP Seismic Sections Interpretation 416
Southern Calabrian Arc 417
Northern Calabrian Arc: evolving tectono-dynamics of staked units 424
Wedge of the Calabrian Arc 427
The Ionian slab 429
acknowledgements 429
References 432
Crustal Tectono-Stratigraphic Setting and Geodynamics of the Corso-Sardinian Block from New CROP Seismic Data 433
Introduction 434
Geodynamic views of the CSB in the literature 434
Regional geological and geophysical outline 435
Magnetic and Gravity Expressions of the Corso-Sardinian Block 435
The Airborne Magnetic Data and Main Magnetic Features 435
The Gravity Data and Main Gravity Features 439
The Sardinian Rift System 443
New Investigations-Interpretations of the Sardinian Rift 443
Asinara Gulf. 447
Cagliari Gulf. 447
Chilivani-Tula basin. 450
Ottana basin. 450
Southwestern Sardinian margin. 450
Campidano and Trexenta rift-basins. 451
CROP seismic data used 451
Seismic interpretation 453
Crop Section M10 (part) 455
CROP Section M2A/I across the Corso-Sardinian Block 459
CROP Section M12B (Part) 461
CROP Section M28B across the delaminated Eastern Sardinian Margin 461
CROP Section M32 across the Southern Sardinian Margin 462
Concluding remarks 463
Acknowledgements 463
References 463
Crustal Tectono-Stratigraphy of the Ionian Sea from New Integrated CROP Seismic Data 467
Introduction 467
CROP Seismic Data Exhibited and Discussed 468
Seismic Interpretation 469
Interpreted seismic stratigraphy of the Ionian Sea 470
The wedge of the Calabrian Arc 470
The Hellenic arc wedge in the Ionian Sea 482
Geodynamic Evolution 482
Acknowledgements 489
References 489
Lithospheric Tectono-Dynamics of the Balearic Basin Opening from CROP-ECORS Seismic Data 491
Introduction 491
Geophysical Dataset 492
Seismic Interpretation 492
Acknowledgements 500
References 500
Ionian Tethys Lithosphere Roll-Back Sinking and Back-Arc Tyrrhenian Opening from New CROP Seismic Data 503
Introduction 504
CROP seismic data described 504
CROP seismic sections interpretation 505
CROP Section M2A across the Corso-Sardinian Block and Tyrrhenian Sea 506
CROP Section M9 across the Northern Ionian Tethys Boundary 510
CROP Section M29B across the Campanian Margin-Tyrrhenian Ocean 512
CROP Section M30 across the Campanian Margin of the Tyrrhenian Sea 516
CROP Section M36, along the Eastern Tyrrhenian Coast 516
CROP Section M28B on Stretched-Delaminated Sardinian Margin 518
CROP Section M6A across the Sicilian Margin 518
Tyrrhenian geodynamics derived from new lithospheric CROP seismic constraints 521
Acknowledgements 522
References 522
Geodynamic Significance of Tyrrhenian Seafloor Morphology 525
Introduction 525
Regional setting 525
Geodynamic provinces of the Tyrrhenian basin 526
Basin and Range Province: Northern Tyrrhenian 526
Passive Margin Province: The Western Sardinia Margin 529
Active Margin Province: The Eastern Tyrrhenian 530
Oceanic Terrain Province: Central/Southern Tyrrhenian Back-Arc and Arc 532
Quaternary mantle dynamics in the Southeastern Tyrrhenian Sea 536
References 537
Crustal Tectono-Stratigraphic Setting of the Adriatic Sea from New CROP Seismic Data 539
Introduction 539
Seismic Stratigraphy 541
Seismic Interpretation of the Adriatic-Southeastern Apulian CROP Sections 541
CROP Seismic Sections of the Adriatic Sea 542
CROP Section M18. 542
CROP Section M17A. 544
CROP Section M17B. 545
CROP Section M16. 545
CROP Section 17C. 547
CROP Section M15. 560
CROP Section M14. 560
CROP Section M13. 560
CROP Seismic Sections of Southeastern Apulia 560
CROP Section M38. 565
CROP Section M8. 566
CROP Section M5. 566
CROP Section M34 (Part). 567
Structural Map of the Southern Adriatic 567
Acknowledgements 567
References 567
Seismic Modelling Applied to CROP Crustal Section in the Adriatic Sea 569
Introduction 569
The modelling technique 572
The deep seismic exploration section CROP M-15 578
Conclusions 581
Acknowledgements 581
References 581
Mechanism and Timing of the Pliocene-Pleistocene Foredeep Migration in the Abruzzo Offshore Area (Central Adriatic) 583
Introduction 583
Geological setting 584
Sedimentary and structural outline of the Plio-Pleistocene succession 585
Pliocene evolution of the foredeep 590
The foredeep migration rate 594
Geodynamic implications and discussion 595
Conclusions 597
Acknowledgements 598
References 598
Crustal Tectono-Stratigraphic Setting of the Pelagian Foreland from New CROP Seismic Data 601
Introduction 601
CROP seismic data interpreted and described 602
Seismic interpretation 605
Basic Tectono-Dynamics of the Pelagian Sea 609
Interpreted seismogeological CROP sections of the Pelagian Sea 612
Acknowledgements 615
References 615
Depth Contour Map of the Moho Discontinuity in the Central Mediterranean Region from New CROP Seismic Data 617
Introduction 617
Moho depth map reconstruction procedure 619
Time-Depth Conversion Velocities 619
Crustal provinces of the central Mediterranean region and their geological history 619
Southern Europe-Alps and Related Lithospheric Tectono-Dynamics 620
Balearic Back-Arc Basin, Corso-Sardinian Block, and Balearic Mantle Dynamics-Related Apenninic-Maghrebian Arc 621
Balearic Back-Arc Basin 621
Corso-Sardinian Block 622
Balearic Mantle-Related Apenninic-Maghrebian Arc 622
Tyrrhenian Mantle-Related Tectonodynamics 622
Ionian Sea 623
Padan-Adriatic Foreland 625
Pelagian Sea 626
Acknowledgements 626
References 626
Triassic Magmatism and Jurassic Ophiolites at the Margins of the Adria Plate 627
Introduction 627
The rifting stage 628
Permo-Triassic Precursors 628
Middle-Late Triassic Magmatism 629
Anorogenic magmatism. 629
Orogenic magmatism. 630
The Jurassic oceanization 631
Western Adria ophiolites. 631
Eastern Adria ophiolites. 635
Conclusions 638
Acknowledgements 638
References 638
Cenozoic Tectono-Magmatic Evolution of the Central-Western Mediterranean: Migration of an Arc-Interarc Basin System and Variations in the Mode of Subduction 643
Introduction 644
Spatio-temporal evolution of the orogenic magmatism 644
Geochemical and petrological constraints for magma genesis 646
Tectono-magmatic model 652
References 654
Within-Plate Cenozoic Volcanism and Lithospheric Mantle Evolution in the Western-Central Mediterranean Area 660
Introduction 661
Petrology of basic magmas 661
Veneto Volcanic Province 661
Iblean Volcanic Province 663
Sardinia Volcanic Province 665
Petrology of mantle xenoliths 669
Veneto Volcanic Province 669
Iblean Volcanic Province 673
Sardinia Volcanic Province 673
Discussion and comparison between the European and African lithospheric mantle 675
References 680
A Reappraisal of the Betic Ophiolitic Association: The Westernmost Relic of the Alpine Tethys 685
Introduction 685
Geological Setting 686
Geochronological Constraints 688
Primary Lithology and Field Occurrence 689
Polymetamorphic Evolution of the BOA 691
Ocean-Floor and Orogenic Methamorphic Conditions 697
Geochemistry of Major, Trace and Ree Elements 699
Analytical Methods 699
Chemical Characterization of the Different BOA Lithotypes 703
Tectonic Setting of the BOA Magmatism 707
Genetic relationships between basic and ultramafic rocks 709
Origin and geodynamic evolution of the BOA 713
Oceanic provenance and continental emplacement of the betic ophiolites 715
Acknowledgements 717
References 718
Evolutionary Reconstruction of the Mediterranean Region: Extrusion Tectonics Driven by the Convergence of Africa Arabia and Eurasia 725
Introduction 726
Main tectonophysical concepts 726
Kinematic boundary conditions 729
Post Eocene Africa-Eurasia Relative Motion 729
Arabia-Eurasia Relative Motion 731
Present-Day Africa-Eurasia Kinematics from North Atlantic and Mediterranean Evidence 732
Kinematics of the Adriatic Promontory. 733
Morphology of the Hellenic and Cyprus Arcs. 733
North Atlantic Kinematic Constraints and New Plate Configuration in Western Europe. 735
Geodetic Constraints. 738
Evolutionary reconstruction 740
Initial Tectonic Setting (Early Oligocene) 740
From the Oligocene to the Middle Miocene 740
Western Mediterranean. 740
Eastern Mediterranean. 742
From the Middle to the Late Miocene 743
Central Mediterranean. 743
Eastern Mediterranean. 744
From the Late Miocene to the Late Pliocene 744
Central Mediterranean. 745
Eastern Mediterranean. 747
From the Late Pliocene-Early Pleistocene to the Present 749
Central Mediterranean. 750
Eastern Mediterranean. 752
Back arc extension in the world 753
Extrusion Model 753
Slab-Pull Model 754
Conclusions and discussion 755
References 757
Plate Tectonics of the Apulia-Adria Microcontinents 767
Introduction 767
The East Mediterranean Neotethys Connection 767
The Apulia Adria Problem 768
The Geodynamic Evolution of Greater Apulia and Surrounding Regions 769
(a) Paleotethys Evolution. 769
(b) Eocimmerian Event and the Marginal Oceans. 772
(c) Other Areas. 772
(d) The Alpine Tethys, the Central Atlantic and the Vardar. 772
(e) Intra Apulia Jurassic Rifting. 776
(f) The North Atlantic Ocean and the Pyrenean Domain and Cretaceous Tectonic. 778
(g) The Alpine Cycle. 778
Conclusions 782
References 782
Geodynamic Evolution of the Mediterranean Region from the Permo-Triassic Ionian Opening to the Present, Constrained by New Lithospheric CROP Seismic Data 787
Introduction 787
Permo-Triassic Ionian opening 788
Alpine and Ionian Neotethys paleogeography at the end of the lower cretaceous 788
Orogenic stages of the Mediterranean region 790
Eo-Alpine Stage 790
Balearic Stage 791
Tyrrhenian Stage 795
Acknowledgements 795
References 795
Subject Index 797
Author Index 799

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 12.12.2005
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Geologie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Geowissenschaften ► Geophysik
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Physik / Astronomie
• Themenwelt: Technik
• ISBN-10: 0-08-045760-6 / 0080457606
• ISBN-13: 978-0-08-045760-4 / 9780080457604