Neurobiology of Attention (eBook)

Laurent Itti, Geraint Rees, John K. Tsotsos (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: EPUB

2005 | 1. Auflage
744 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
9780080454313 (ISBN)

Infos

A key property of neural processing in higher mammals is the ability to focus resources by selectively directing attention to relevant perceptions, thoughts or actions. Research into attention has grown rapidly over the past two decades, as new techniques have become available to study higher brain function in humans, non-human primates, and other mammals. Neurobiology of Attention is the first encyclopedic volume to summarize the latest developments in attention research.An authoritative collection of over 100 chapters organized into thematic sections provides both broad coverage and access to focused, up-to-date research findings. This book presents a state-of-the-art multidisciplinary perspective on psychological, physiological and computational approaches to understanding the neurobiology of attention. Ideal for students, as a reference handbook or for rapid browsing, the book has a wide appeal to anybody interested in attention research.* Contains numerous quick-reference articles covering the breadth of investigation into the subject of attention* Provides extensive introductory commentary to orient and guide the reader* Includes the most recent research results in this field of study

Inhalt

Contributors 13
Foreword: Neurobiology of Attention 19
Preface 21
A Brief and Selective History of Attention 23
A Tour of This Volume 33
SECTION I: FOUNDATIONS 46
CHAPTER 1: Computational Foundations for Attentive Processes 48
CHAPTER 2: Capacity Limits for Spatial Discrimination 53
CHAPTER 3: Directed Visual Attention and the Dynamic Control of Information Flow 56
CHAPTER 4: Selective Attention as an Optimal Computational Strategy 63
CHAPTER 5: Surprise: A Shortcut for Attention? 69
CHAPTER 6: A Heteromodal Large-Scale Network for Spatial Attention 74
CHAPTER 7: Parietal Mechanisms of Attentional Control: Locations, Features, and Objects 80
CHAPTER 8: Visual Cortical Circuits and Spatial Attention 87
CHAPTER 9: Psychopharmacology of Human Attention 95
CHAPTER 10: Neuropharmacology of Attention 102
CHAPTER 11: Identifying the Neural Systems of Top-Down Attentional Control: A Meta-analytic Approach 108
CHAPTER 12: Attention Capture: The Interplay of Expectations, Attention, and Awareness 114
CHAPTER 13: Change Blindness 121
CHAPTER 14: Development of Covert Orienting in Young Infants 127
CHAPTER 15: Prior Entry 134
CHAPTER 16: Inhibition of Return 141
CHAPTER 17: Guidance of Visual Search by Preattentive Information 146
CHAPTER 18: The Top in Top-Down Attention 150
CHAPTER 19: Allocation of Attention in Three-Dimensional Space 154
CHAPTER 20: Covert Attention and Saccadic Eye Movements 159
CHAPTER 21: Prefrontal Selection and Control of Covert and Overt Orienting 162
CHAPTER 22: Dissociation of Selection from Saccade Programming 169
CHAPTER 23: Space- and Object-Based Attention 175
CHAPTER 24: Attention and Binding 180
CHAPTER 25: Top-Down Facilitation of Visual Object Recognition 185
CHAPTER 26: Spatial Processing of Environmental Representations 191
CHAPTER 27: Decision and Attention 197
CHAPTER 28: Visual Attention and Emotional Perception 205
CHAPTER 29: The Difference between Visual Attention and Awareness: A Cognitive Neuroscience Perspective 212
CHAPTER 30: Reaching Affects Saccade Trajectories 220
CHAPTER 31: The Premotor Theory of Attention 226
CHAPTER 32: Cross-Modal Consequences of Human Spatial Attention 232
CHAPTER 33: Attention and Scene Understanding 242
SECTION II: FUNCTIONS 250
CHAPTER 34: Visual Search and Popout in Infancy 252
CHAPTER 35: Attention in Conditioning 258
CHAPTER 36: Electrophysiology of Reflexive Attention 264
CHAPTER 37: Natural Scene Statistics and Salient Visual Features 271
CHAPTER 38: Salience of Feature Contrast 278
CHAPTER 39: Stimulus-Driven Guidance of Visual Attention in Natural Scenes 285
CHAPTER 40: Contextual Guidance of Visual Attention 291
CHAPTER 41: Gist of the Scene 296
CHAPTER 42: Temporal Orienting of Attention 302
CHAPTER 43: Visual Search: The Role of Memory for Rejected Distractors 309
CHAPTER 44: The Neuropsychology of Visual Feature Binding 314
CHAPTER 45: Visual Saliency and Spike Timing in the Ventral Visual Pathway 317
CHAPTER 46: Object Recognition in Cortex: Neural Mechanisms, and Possible Roles for Attention 324
CHAPTER 47: Binding Contour Segments into Spatially Extended Objects 333
CHAPTER 48: Scanpath Theory, Attention, and Image Processing Algorithms for Predicting Human Eye Fixations 341
CHAPTER 49: The Feature Similarity Gain Model of Attention: Unifying Multiplicative Effects of Spatial and Feature-based Atte 345
CHAPTER 50: Biasing Competition in Human Visual Cortex 350
CHAPTER 51: Nonsensory Signals in Early Visual Cortex 356
CHAPTER 52: Effects of Attention on Auditory Perceptual Organization 362
CHAPTER 53: Attention in Language 369
CHAPTER 54: Attention and Spatial Language 375
CHAPTER 55: The Sustained Attention to Response Test (SART) 382
CHAPTER 56: ERP Measures of Multiple Attention Deficits Following Prefrontal Damage 384
CHAPTER 57: Nonspatially Lateralized Mechanisms in Hemispatial Neglect 390
CHAPTER 58: Visual Extinction and Hemispatial Neglect after Brain Damage: Neurophysiological Basis of Residual Processing 396
CHAPTER 59: Attention in Split-Brain Patients 403
CHAPTER 60: Divided Attention in the Normal and the Split Brain: Chronometry and Imaging 408
SECTION III: MECHANISMS 414
CHAPTER 61: Neurophysiological Correlates of the Attentional Spotlight 416
CHAPTER 62: Spatially-Specific Attentional Modulation Revealed by fMRI 422
CHAPTER 63: The Neural Basis of the Attentional Blink 428
CHAPTER 64: Neurophysiological Correlates of the Reflexive Orienting of Spatial Attention 434
CHAPTER 65: Specifying the Components of Attention in a Visual Search Task 440
CHAPTER 66: Neural Evidence for Object-based Attention 446
CHAPTER 67: Location- or Feature-based Targeting of Spatial Attention 452
CHAPTER 68: Dimension-based Attention in Pop-out Search 457
CHAPTER 69: Irrelevant Singletons Capture Attention 463
CHAPTER 70: Attentional Modulation of Apparent Stimulus Contrast 470
CHAPTER 71: Attentional Suppression Early in the Macaque Visual System 474
CHAPTER 72: Attentional Modulation in the Human Lateral Geniculate Nucleus and Pulvinar 480
CHAPTER 73: Transient Covert Attention Increases Contrast Sensitivity and Spatial Resolution: Support for Signal Enhancement 487
CHAPTER 74: External Noise Distinguishes Mechanisms of Attention 493
CHAPTER 75: Attentional Modulation and Changes in Effective Connectivity 499
CHAPTER 76: Attentional Modulation of Surround Inhibition 505
CHAPTER 77: Attentional Processes in Texture Perception 511
CHAPTER 78: Mechanisms of Perceptual Learning 516
CHAPTER 79: Lateral Interactions between Targets and Flankers Require Attention 522
CHAPTER 80: Attention and Changes in Neural Selectivity 530
CHAPTER 81: Attentional Effects on Motion Processing 535
CHAPTER 82: ERP Studies of Selective Attention to Nonspatial Features 541
CHAPTER 83: Effects of Attention on Figure-Ground Responses in the Primary Visual Cortex during Working Memory 547
CHAPTER 84: Electrophysiological and Neuroimaging Approaches to the Study of Visual Attention 552
CHAPTER 85: The Timing of Attentional Modulation of Visual Processing as Indexed by ERPs 559
CHAPTER 86: Selective Visual Attention Modulates Oscillatory Neuronal Synchronization 565
CHAPTER 87: Putative Role of Oscillations and Synchrony in Cortical Signal Processing and Attention 571
CHAPTER 88: Attention to Tactile Stimuli Increases Neural Synchrony in Somatosensory Cortex 579
CHAPTER 89: Crossmodal Attention in Event Perception 583
SECTION IV: SYSTEMS 590
CHAPTER 90: The FeatureGate Model of Visual Selection 592
CHAPTER 91: Probabilistic Models of Attention Based on Iconic Representations and Predictive Coding 598
CHAPTER 92: The Selective Tuning Model for Visual Attention 607
CHAPTER 93: The Primary Visual Cortex Creates a Bottom-up Saliency Map 615
CHAPTER 94: Models of Bottom-up Attention and Saliency 621
CHAPTER 95: Saliency in Computer Vision 628
CHAPTER 96: Contextual Influences on Saliency 631
CHAPTER 97: A Neurodynamical Model of Visual Attention 638
CHAPTER 98: How the Detection of Objects in Natural Scenes Constrains Attention in Time 645
CHAPTER 99: Memory-Driven Visual Attention: An Emergent Behavior of Map-Seeking Circuits 650
CHAPTER 100: The Role of Short-Term Memory in Visual Attention 655
CHAPTER 101: Scene Segmentation through Synchronization 663
CHAPTER 102: Attentive Wide-Field Sensing for Visual Telepresence and Surveillance 669
CHAPTER 103: Neuromorphic Selective Attention Systems 678
CHAPTER 104: The Role of Visual Attention in the Control of Locomotion 683
CHAPTER 105: Attention Architectures for Machine Vision and Mobile Robots 687
CHAPTER 106: Attention for Computer Graphics Rendering 694
CHAPTER 107: Linking Attention to Learning, Expectation, Competition, and Consciousness 697
CHAPTER 108: Attention-Guided Recognition Based on “What” and “Where” Representations: 708
CHAPTER 109: A Model of Attention and Recognition by Information Maximization 716
Index 722
COLOR PLATE 742

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Contributors

Scott A. Adler

York University, Department of Psychology and Centre for Vision Research, 333 Behavioural Sciences Building, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M3J 1P3

Michael S. Ambinder

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Psychology, 1817 Valley Road, Champaign, IL, USA, 61820

Charles H. Anderson

Washington University in St. Louis, Philosophy-Neuroscience-Psychology Program, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1073, St. Louis, MO, USA, 63130-4899

David W. Arathorn

Center for Computational Biology (CCB), 1 Lewis Hall, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA, 59717

Michael A. Arbib

University of Southern California, Hedco Neuroscience Building, Room 5, 3641 Watt Way, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 90089-2520

Paul Atchley

University of Kansas, Dept. of Psychology, 1415 Jayhawk Blvd., Lawrence, KS, USA, 66045

Pierre Baldi

University of California, Irvine, School of Information and Computer Science, Irvine, CA, USA, 92697-3425

Dana H. Ballard

University of Rochester, Department of Computer Science, Rochester, NY, USA, 14627-0226

Moshe Bar

NMR Center at MGH, Harvard Medical School, 149 Thirteenth Street, Charlestown, MA, USA, 02129

Diane M. Beck

Princeton University, Department of Psychology, Center for the Study of Brain, Mind and Behavior, Green Hall, Princeton, NJ, USA, 08544

Andrew H. Bell

Queen’s University, Centre for Neuroscience Studies, 2nd floor, Botterell Hall, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, K7L 3N6

Narcisse P. Bichot

National Institute of Mental Health, Laboratory of Neuropsychology, Bethesda, MD, USA, 20892

Greg Billock

California Institute of Technology, Psaltis Optics Group, Mail Code 136-93, Pasadena, CA, USA, 91125

Julie A. Brefczynski-Lewis

Medical College of Wisconsin, Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, USA, 53226

James R. Brockmole

Michigan State University, Psychology, 129 Psychology Research Building, East Lansing, MI, USA, 48824

Christian Büchel

Hamburg University, NeuroImage Nord, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg, Germany, 20246

Hilary Buxton

University of Sussex, Cognitive and Computing Sciences, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom, BN1 9QH

Laura A. Carlson

University of Notre Dame, Dept. of Psychology, 118-D Haggar Hall, Notre Dame, IN, USA, 46556

Robert P. Carlyon

Medical Research Council, Cognition & Brain Sciences Unit, 15 Chaucer Rd, Cambridge, UK, CB2 2EF

Marisa Carrasco

New York University, Psychology & Neural Science, 6 Washington Pl., New York City, NY, USA, 10003

Kyle R. Cave

University of Massachusetts Amherst, Psychology Department, Tobin Hall, Tobin Hall, Amherst, MA, United States, 01003

Charles Chubb

University of California, Irvine, Cognitive Sciences, Social Science Plaza A2101, Irvine, CA, USA, 92697-5100

Marvin M. Chun

Yale University, Dept. of Psychology, 2 Hillhouse Ave, PO Box 208205, New Haven, CT, USA, 06520-8205

Jennifer T. Coull

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Neurobiologie de la Cognition, 31 Chemin Joseph-Aiguier, Marseille, Bouche du Rhone, France, 13009

Laila Craighero

Dipartimento di Scienza biomediche e Terapie avanzate, Sezione Fisiologia Umana, Università di Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 17/19, 44100 Ferrara (Italy)

Rhodri Cusack

MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, 15 Chaucer Road, Cambridge, UK, CB2 2EF

Jeffrey W. Dalley

University of Cambridge, Department of Experimental Psychology, Downing St, Cambridge, UK, CB2 3EB

Peter Dayan

University College London, Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit, 17 Queen Square, London, UK, WC1N 3AR

Gustavo Deco

Institució Catalana de Recercai Estudis Avancats and Universität Pompeu Fabra, Passeig de Circumval lació, 8, Barcelona, Spain, 08003

Robert Desimone

Laboratory of Neuropsychology, NIMH, NIH, Bldg. 49 Rm. 1B80, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892-4415

Leon Y. Deouell

The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Department of Psychology, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel, 91905

Edgar A. DeYoe

Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Radiology, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI, USA, 53226

Karen R. Dobkins

University of California, at San Diego, Department of Psychology, 9500 Gilman Dr. 0109, La Jolla, CA, USA, 92093-0109

Michael C. Dorris

Queen’s University, Centre for Neuroscience Studies, 4th Floor, Botterell Hall, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6

Barbara Anne Dosher

University of California, Irvine, Department of Cognitive Sciences and Institute of Mathematical Behavioral Sciences, Irvine, CA, USA, 92697-5100

Fadi Dornaika

CNRS, University of Technology of Compiegne, BP 20529, 60205 Compiegne Cedex, France

Jon Driver

University College London, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, 17 Queen Square, London, UK, WC1N 3AR

Martin Eimer

University of London, School of Psychology, Birbeck College, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK

James H. Elder

York University, Centre for Vision Research, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M3J 1P3

Jillian H. Fecteau

Queen’s University, Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Department of Physiology, 4th Floor Botterell Hall, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, K7L 3N6

John M. Findlay

University of Durham, Centre for Vision and Visual Cognition, Department of Psychology, South Road, Durham, UK, DH1 3LE

Elliot D. Freeman

University College London, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, 17 Queen Square, London, England, UK, WC1N 3AR

Pascal Fries

F. C. Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, University of Nijmegen, Adelbertusplein 1, 6525 EK Nijmegen, The Netherlands and Department of Biophysics, University of Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein 21, 6525 EZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands

Chris D. Frith

University College London, Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, 12 Queen Square, London, UK, HA1 3JW

Michael S. Gazzaniga

Dartmouth College, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, 6162 Moore Hall, Hanover, NH, USA, 03755-3569

Barry Giesbrecht

University of California, Santa Barbara, Dept. of Psychology, Santa Barbara, CA, USA, 93106

Darren R. Gitelman

Northwestern University, Neurology, Radiology, Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease Center, 320 East Superior Street, Searle 11-470, Chicago, IL, USA, 60611

Ronen Goldstein

Centre for Vision Research, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3

Alexander V. Golovan

Rostov State University, AB Kogan Research Institute for Neurocybernetics, 194/1 Stachka Avenue, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, 344090

Andrei Gorea

Centre National de la Recherche and René Descartes University, Laboratoire de Psychologie Expérimentale, 71 Ave. Edouard Vaillant, Boulogne-Billancourt, France, 92774

Ivan C. Griffin

University of Oxford, Dept. of Experimental Psychology, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3UD, UK

Stephen Grossberg

Boston University, Dept. of Cognitive and Neural Systems, 677 Beacon Street, Boston, MA, USA, 02215

Valentina I. Gusakova

Rostov State University, AB Kogan Research Institute for Neurocybernetics, 194/1 Stachka Avenue, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, 344090

Fred H. Hamker

Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Psychology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Fliednerstrasse 21, Münster, Germany, 48149

Todd C. Handy

University of British Columbia, Dept. of Psychology, 2136 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4

David J. Heeger

New York University, Department of Psychology and Center for Neural Science, 6 Washington Place, 8th floor, New York, NY, USA, 10003

Steven A. Hillyard

University of California, San Diego, Neurosciences, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA, 92903-0608

Joseph B. Hopfinger

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Dept. of Psychology, Chapel Hill, NC, USA, 27599

Todd S. Horowitz

Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Visual Attention Laboratory, 64 Sidney Street, Suite 170, Cambridge, MA, USA, 02139

Bob Hou

Centre for Vision Research,...

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 31.3.2005
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Geisteswissenschaften ► Psychologie ► Allgemeine Psychologie
• Themenwelt: Geisteswissenschaften ► Psychologie ► Verhaltenstherapie
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Neurologie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Humanbiologie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Zoologie
• ISBN-13: 9780080454313 / 9780080454313