Simulating Interacting Agents and Social Phenomena (eBook)

The Second World Congress

Keiki Takadama, Claudio Cioffi-Revilla, Guillaume Deffuant (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2010
XII, 280 Seiten
Springer Tokyo (Verlag)
9784431997818 (ISBN)

Infos

Agent-based modeling and social simulation have emerged as an interdisciplinary area of social science that includes computational economics, organizational science, social dynamics, and complex systems. This area contributes to enriching our understanding of the fundamental processes of social phenomena caused by complex interactions among agents. Bringing together diverse approaches to social simulation and research agendas, this book presents a unique collection of contributions from the Second World Congress on Social Simulation, held in 2008 at George Mason University in Washington DC, USA. This book in particular includes articles on norms, diffusion, social networks, economy, markets and organizations, computational modeling, and programming environments, providing new hypotheses and theories, new simulation experiments compared with various data sets, and new methods for model design and development. These works emerged from a global and interdisciplinary scientific community of the three regional scientific associations for social simulation: the North American Association for Computational Social and Organizational  Science (NAACSOS; now the Computational Social Science Society, CSSS), the European Social Simulation Association (ESSA), and the Pacific Asian Association for Agent-bBased  Approach in Social Systems Sciences (PAAA).

Inhalt

Simulating Interacting Agents and Social Phenomena 3
Preface 5
Contents 7
Part I: Norms, Diffusion and Social Networks 13
A Classification of Normative Architectures 14
1 .Introduction 14
2 .The Selected Cases 16
3 .A Classification of Design Decisions 18
3.1 .Design Decision 1: The Scale from Logic to Decision Theory 18
3.2 .Design Decision 2: Single or Social Agents? 20
3.3 .Design Decision 3: Concepts of Norms 21
3.4 .Design Decision 4: Static or Dynamic Norms? 23
3.5 .Design Decision 5: Norm Conflicts 23
4 .Conclusion 25
References 28
The Complex Loop of Norm Emergence: A Simulation Model 30
1 .Introduction 30
2 .Existent Approaches 32
3 .Social Norms 33
4 .Objectives 34
5 .Finding Out Norms 34
6 .Normative Architecture 35
6.1 .Norm Recognizer 35
7 .The Simulation Model 38
7.1 .Moving Across Scenarios 39
7.2 .Social Conformers 39
7.3 .Norm-Recognizers 39
8 .The Simulator 40
9 .Results and Discussion 40
9.1 .Results with Social Conformers 41
9.2 .Results with Norm Recognizers 42
10 .Concluding Remarks 44
References 45
A Social Network Model of Direct Versus Indirect Reciprocity in a Corrections-Based Therapeutic Community 47
1 .Introduction 47
2 .Theoretical Background 48
2.1 .Direct and Indirect Reciprocity 48
2.2 .Indirect and Direct Reciprocity in TCs 49
3 .Methodology 50
3.1 .Agent-Based Model 50
3.2 .Data 52
3.3 .Analysis 52
4 .Results 53
5 .Conclusion 55
References 56
A Force-Directed Layout for Community Detection with Automatic Clusterization 58
1 .Introduction 58
2 .A Weakness of .Q 60
3 .Related Work 60
4 .Community Structure Properties 61
4.1 .Node Degree 62
4.2 .Graph Distance 62
5 .Algorithms 64
5.1 .Force-Directed Layout 64
5.2 .Convergence 65
5.3 .Motivation 66
5.4 .Clustering 67
5.5 .Example 67
6 .Results 69
6.1 .Social Network Results 69
7 .Improvements 70
7.1 .a-Searching 70
7.2 .Refining e 70
8 .Results 71
9 .Conclusion & Future Work
References 72
Comparing Two Sexual Mixing Schemes for Modelling the Spread of HIV/AIDS 73
1 .Introduction 73
2 .Specification for Two Sexual Mixing Schemes 74
2.1 .A Scheme Based on Simple Aspiration and Quality Measure 75
2.2 .A Scheme Based on Endorsements 75
3 .Simulation Results 77
3.1 .Characteristics of the Simulated Heterosexual Networks 77
3.2 .HIV/AIDS Prevalence 80
4 .Discussion and Outlook 82
References 83
Exploring Context Permeability in Multiple Social Networks 85
1 .Introduction 85
2 .Multiple and Multi-Modal Relations 87
3 .Relations, Roles and Contexts 88
4 .Social Network Representations and Analysis 89
5 .Consensus Games 90
6 .Experimental Setting 90
7 .Analysis of Simulation Outcomes 91
8 .Conclusions and Future Work 93
References 94
A Naturalistic Multi-Agent Model of Word-of-Mouth Dynamics 96
1 .Modeling Word-of-Mouth 97
1.1 .Evidence on Word-of-Mouth 97
1.2 .Existing Models 98
1.3 .Target 98
2 .Model 99
2.1 .Structure of Interactions 99
2.2 .Knowledge Representation 100
2.3 .Communicative Behavior 100
3 .Simulation 101
3.1 .Dynamics with Active Searches 101
3.2 .Using an Event to Facilitate Diffusion of Information 103
3.3 .Diffusion of Related Products 104
4 .Discussion 105
References 106
Part II: Economy, Market and Organization 107
Introducing Preference Heterogeneity into a Monocentric Urban Model: An Agent-Based Land Market Model 108
1 .Introduction 109
2 .The Model 110
3 .Simulation Experiments 112
3.1 .Experiment 1 113
3.2 .Experiment 2 116
4 .Conclusions and Discussions 119
References 121
The Agent-Based Double Auction Markets: 15 Years On 123
1 .Introduction: It Takes Time to See “Change” 124
2 .Agent-Based Double Auction Markets: Literature Review 125
2.1 .Gode-Sunder Model 125
2.2 .Santa Fe Double Auction Markets 126
2.3 .Andrews-Prager Model 127
2.4 .AIE-DA 128
3 .Experimental Design 130
3.1 .Market Mechanism 130
3.2 .Trading Strategies 131
3.3 .GP Trading Agents 133
3.4 .Experimental Procedures 134
4 .Results: GP Agents Versus Non-Autonomous Traders 135
5 .Conclusion 138
References 139
A Doubly Structural Network Model and Analysis on the Emergence of Money* 141
1 .Introduction 141
1.1 .Problems Regarding the Origin/Emergence of Money 142
1.2 .Mathematical Models for the Emergence of Money 143
2 .Doubly Structural Network Model 144
3 .Doubly Structural Network Model of the Emergence of Money 146
4 .Mean-Field Dynamics Analysis of the Emergence of Money 147
4.1 .Mean-Field Dynamics 147
4.2 .Emergence Scenario Using Mean-Field Dynamics 147
5 .Simulation Experimentation 150
6 .Conclusion 152
References 152
Analysis of Knowledge Retrieval Heuristics in Concurrent Software Development Teams 154
1 .Introduction 155
2 .Model 155
2.1 .PCANNS Scheme 155
2.2 .Concurrent Software Development Team 156
2.3 .Knowledge Retrieval Heuristics 157
2.4 .Simulation Flow 158
3 .Parameter Calibration 160
4 .Effective Knowledge Retrieval Heuristics 160
5 .Scope and Grounding 163
6 .Summary and Future Work 163
.Appendix: Algorithm of Knowledge-Retrieval Heauristics 164
.Minimum effort type 164
.Risk aversion type 164
.“Ask others” type 165
.“Acquire on my own” type 165
.Broad retrieval type 165
.Random type 166
References 166
Reputation and Economic Performance in Industrial Districts: Modelling Social Complexity Through Multi-Agent Systems 167
1 .Introduction 167
1.1 .Research Hypothesis 169
2 .The Simulation Model 170
2.1 .Partner Selection and Economic Exchange 171
2.2 .Information Exchange 172
3 .Results 173
4 .Concluding Remarks 177
References 178
Part III: Modeling Approaches and Programming Environments 179
Injecting Data into Agent-Based Simulation 180
1 .Introduction 180
2 .The Classical View 182
2.1 .The Logic of Simulation 182
2.2 .Issues with Abstract ABMs 182
3 .Sources of Data 184
4 .The Data-Driven Flow: Adapting the Logic 185
5 .Discussion and Difficulties of the Approach 187
6 .A Case Study: the Mentat Model 188
6.1 .Context of the Model 188
6.2 .The Randomly Initialised Version: Mentat-RND 188
6.3 .The Version Initialised with Data: Mentat-DAT 189
6.4 .Comparison of Outputs 189
7 .Concluding Remarks 190
References 191
The MASON HouseholdsWorld Model of Pastoral Nomad Societies 193
1 .Introduction: Motivation and Background 193
2 .The HouseholdsWorld Model 195
2.1 .Households 196
2.2 .Camps 198
2.3 .Natural Environment 199
3 .Simulated Dynamics 199
4 .Summary 201
References 203
Effects of Adding a Simple Rule to a Reactive Simulation 205
1 .Introduction 205
2 .Extending the Original Model 206
3 .Social Organisation 208
4 .Final Considerations 211
References 211
Applying Image Texture Measures to Describe Segregation in Agent-Based Modeling 212
1 .Introduction 212
2 .Gibbs Random Field in Image Processing 213
2.1 .Definition 213
2.2 .Image Simulation with Markov Chain Monte Carlo Methods 215
2.3 .Example: An Ising/Potts Class of GRF 216
3 .Schelling Segregation Model 217
3.1 .Original Schelling Model 217
3.2 .Schelling Model as a Derin and Elliott GRF 218
4 .Texture Measures Applied to Segregation 219
5 .Application to the Output of an Agent Based Model 221
6 .Applications to Social Simulation Beyond the 2D Grid 222
7 .Conclusion 222
References 224
Autonomous Tags: Language as Generative of Culture 225
1 .Introduction 226
2 .Symbolic Interactionist Simulation 229
3 .SISTER 230
3.1 .The Design of SISTER 231
3.2 .Mutual Information to Measure Roles 236
3.3 .Experiment 236
3.4 .Results 238
3.5 .Discussion 242
4 .Future Directions 248
References 249
Virtual City Model for Simulating Social Phenomena 251
1 .Introduction 251
2 .Abstract of SOARS 252
3 .Details of the Model 252
4 .Structure of Virtual City 253
5 .Settings for the Virtual City 253
6 .Behaviors of Agents in the Virtual City 254
7 .An Example of the Virtual City 256
8 .Use Case of the Model 256
9 .Future Works 259
References 260
Modeling Endogenous Coordination Using a Dynamic Language* 262
1 .Introduction 263
2 .Related Work 263
3 .The EndEC Model 264
4 .Implementation of the EndEC Model 266
5 .Conclusions 272
References 273
Author Index 274
Keyword Index 276

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 2.9.2010
• Reihe/Serie: Agent-Based Social Systems
• Reihe/Serie: Agent-Based Social Systems
• Zusatzinfo: XII, 280 p.
• Verlagsort: Tokyo
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Informatik ► Office Programme ► Outlook
• Themenwelt: Mathematik / Informatik ► Informatik ► Theorie / Studium
• Themenwelt: Mathematik / Informatik ► Informatik ► Web / Internet
• Themenwelt: Mathematik / Informatik ► Mathematik ► Angewandte Mathematik
• Themenwelt: Mathematik / Informatik ► Mathematik ► Finanz- / Wirtschaftsmathematik
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften
• Themenwelt: Sozialwissenschaften ► Politik / Verwaltung
• Themenwelt: Sozialwissenschaften ► Soziologie
• Themenwelt: Technik
• Themenwelt: Wirtschaft
• Schlagworte: agent-based approach • Agent-based model • Agent Based Social Simulation • Complexity • Complex System • Complex Systems • computational economic & organization theory • computational economic & organization theory • open agent-based modeling consortium
• ISBN-13: 9784431997818 / 9784431997818