Smart Sensors and Sensing Technology (eBook)

Gourab Sen Gupta (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2008 | 2008
XXII, 411 Seiten
Springer Berlin (Verlag)
978-3-540-79590-2 (ISBN)

Infos

Technological advancements in recent years have enabled the development of tiny, cheap disposable and self contained battery powered computers, known as sensor nodes or 'motes', which can accept input from an attached sensor, process this input and transmit the results wirelessly to some interested device(s). When a number of these nodes work together, conceivably up to hundreds of thousands, a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is formed. Research in the area of wireless sensor networks has become increasingly wid- pread in recent years, partly due to their wide range of potential uses and also partly due to the fact that the technology enabling such networks is now widely available from many di?erent suppliers, such as: Crossbow, MoteIV, Intel and SUN (java based motes). These wireless sensor networks have the potential to allow a level of integration between computers and the physical world that, to date, has been virtually impos- ble. The uses for such networks is almost limitless and include such diverse app- cations as a counter sniper system for urban warfare [1] tracking the path of a forest re [2], determining the structural stability of a building after an earthquake [3], or tracking people or objects inside a building [4], etc.

Inhalt

Contents 5
List of Contributors 9
Guest Editorial 17
About the Editors 21
Part I Sensors and Sensors Network 24
Analysis of Hardware Encryption Versus Software Encryption on Wireless Sensor Network Motes 25
1 Introduction 26
2 Background 27
3 Implementation 31
4 Results 33
5 Conclusions 35
References 36
Development and Experiment of Networked Control Systems with Congestion Control 37
1 Introduction 37
2 Development of Networked Control Systems 38
3 Congestion Controller Design Using the State Predictive Control 42
4 Experimental Results 46
5 Conclusion 48
References 49
Data Messaging and Control in Sensor-Actuator Networks using PowerBus Technology 51
1 Introduction 51
2 System Hardware 53
3 Software Environment 56
4 PowerBus Messenger with Control 58
5 PowerBus Messenger Program Flow 60
6 Structure of PB Messenger 64
7 Conclusion 66
References 66
Part II Gas/Bio Sensors 69
Remarks on Emotion Recognition Using Breath Gas Sensing System 71
1 Introduction 71
2 Breath Gas Sensing System 73
3 Experiments of Computational Emotion Recognition 76
4 Conclusions 83
References 83
Electrochemically Synthesised Pd- and Au-Nanoparticles as Sensing Layers in NOx-Sensitive Field Effect Devices 85
1 Introduction 86
2 Experimental 87
3 Results and Discussion 89
References 96
Phthalocyanine Functionalized Hybrids as Receptors for Enhanced Gas/ Bio Sensing 99
1 Introduction 99
2 Materials and Apparatus 101
3 Results and Discussion 102
4 Conclusion 105
References 106
A Comparison of the Gas Sensing Properties of Purified and Platinum Decorated Chemical Vapour Deposition Grown Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes 107
1 Introduction 108
2 Experimental 108
3 Results and Discussions 113
4 Summary and Conclusions 119
References 120
Electrical Sensing of Biochemicals using Macroporous Silicon 123
1 Introduction 124
2 Experimental 125
3 Results and Discussions 128
4 Conclusion 137
References 138
Part III SAW Sensors 140
Combined Infrared and Acoustic Beacon Tracker and its Application on an Autonomous Following Vehicle 141
1 Introduction 141
2 Operational Principles of Prototype 142
3 Tracker Implementation 147
4 The Vehicle 153
5 Control Algorithms 156
6 Preliminary Results 158
7 Conclusions 159
References 160
Electrostatic Microactuator Design Using Surface Acoustic Wave Devices 161
1 Introduction 162
2 SAW Based Microactuator 162
3 Proposed Microactuator Operation 163
4 Theoretical Model 164
5 Electric Potential at Output IDT 166
6 Boundary Condition Analysis 168
7 Simulations and Results 169
8 Conclusion 172
References 173
Wide Band Linearization of a Millimetre-Wave, Linear Frequency Modulated Radar Employing a Surface Acoustic Wave, Delay Line Discriminator 175
1 Introduction 175
2 The Need for Linearisation 176
3 Radar Front-End Overview 177
4 Closing the Loop 179
5 Results 181
6 Conclusion 185
References 185
Part IV Fibre Bragg Grating Sensors 188
Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors and Piezoelectric Actuators in Co- Located Configuration for Active Vibration Control Applications 189
1 Introduction 190
2 Technologies and Test Proof 191
3 Results and Discussion 197
4 Conclusion 201
References 201
A Transmit Reflect Detection System for Fibre Bragg Grating Acoustic Emission and Transmission Sensors 205
1 Introduction 205
2 Theory 206
3 Experiments 209
4 Results 212
5 Discussion 216
6 Conclusion 218
References 219
Part V Magnetic Sensor 221
A Real-Time Tracking System for an Endoscopic Capsule using Multiple Magnetic Sensors 223
1 Introduction 223
2 The Proposed Tracking System 225
3 Hardware and Interface 225
4 System Software 228
5 Experimental Results 234
6 Conclusions 239
References 239
Part VI Ultrasonic 242
High Frequency Ultrasonic Wave Propagation in Porous Aluminium Samples 243
1 Introduction 243
2 Experimental System 244
3 Porous Aluminium Samples 248
4 Finite Element Modeling 249
5 Experimental Results 251
6 Conclusions 253
References 254
Part VII Capacitive Sensors 256
Capacitance-Based Sensing of Material Moisture in Bulk Solids: Applications and Restrictions 257
1 Introduction 257
2 Classical Measurement Setup 258
3 Impact of Moisture Distribution 260
4 Planar Measurement Setup 265
5 Conclusion 269
References 269
Part VIII Sensors Based on CNT 272
The Design and Performance of Tactile/ Proximity Sensors Made of Carbon Microcoils 273
1 Introduction 273
2 Experimental Details 276
3 Results and Discussion 276
4 Conclusions 282
References 282
Part IX Novel Sensors Techniques 285
Post-Earthquake Pipeline Leak Detection Technologies 287
1 Introduction 287
2 Technology Overview 288
3 Technology Selection Criteria 302
4 Summary 303
References 304
Multiple-Rangefinders Calibration Based on Light- Section Method Using Spheres 307
1 Introduction 307
2 Light-Section Method 309
3 Calibration Method 310
4 Calibration Result 315
5 Conclusion 319
References 319
An Adaptive Wiener Filter for Automatic Speech Recognition in a Car Environment with Non- Stationary Noise 321
1 Introduction 321
2 Wiener Filter 322
3 Automatic Speech Recognition 327
4 Experiments 328
5 Conclusion 335
References 336
3D-Shape Recognition Based Tactile Sensor 339
1 Introduction 339
2 Contact Classification 340
3 Tactile Sensor and Application 344
4 Experimental Evaluation 349
5 Conclusions 352
References 353
Development of A Low Cost Compact Low Profile Phase Array Antenna for RFID Applications 355
1 Introduction 355
2 Phased Array Antenna for RFID Readers 357
3 Development of Phased Array Antenna at 900MHz 358
4 Conclusion 363
References 363
Implementation and Characterization of a Novel Acoustic Imaging through Beamformers for Automotive Applications 365
1 Rationale 365
2 Array of Sensors and Beamforming 366
3 Development 370
4 Conclusions 376
References 380
Development of a Smart Home for Elder-People Based on Wireless Sensors 383
1 Introduction 384
2 System Architecture 386
3 Hardware Design 387
4 Software 390
5 System Prototype and Experimental Results 395
6 Current and FutureWork 395
7 Conclusions 400
References 400
Optimisation of the Nelder-Mead Simplex Method for Its Implementation in A Self- Mixing Laser Displacement Sensor 403
1 Introduction 403
2 The Self-Mixing Effect 404
3 Displacement Measurement 406
4 TheParameter. 414
5 Implementation of Adapted Nelder Mead FSM in Stateflow 419
6 Conclusion 421
References 421
Index 423

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 1.7.2008
• Reihe/Serie: Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering
• Zusatzinfo: XXII, 411 p.
• Verlagsort: Berlin
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Informatik ► Theorie / Studium ► Künstliche Intelligenz / Robotik
• Themenwelt: Mathematik / Informatik ► Informatik ► Web / Internet
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Chemie
• Themenwelt: Technik ► Elektrotechnik / Energietechnik
• Schlagworte: Chemical sensors • Computer • Counter • Development • Gas Sensors • intelligent sensors • Magnetic Sensors • Network • Physical Sensors • Potential • Sensing Technology • Sensor • sensors • smart sensors • stability • Tracking • Ultrasound • wireless sensor network
• ISBN-10: 3-540-79590-1 / 3540795901
• ISBN-13: 978-3-540-79590-2 / 9783540795902