Essential Guide to Blood Groups

Geoff Daniels, Imelda Bromilow (Autoren)

Software / Digital Media

112 Seiten

2007
Wiley-Blackwell (Hersteller)
978-0-470-75092-6 (ISBN)

Infos

Essential Guide to Blood Groups is the only pocket sized guide to provide essential information on blood group systems. The main aim of the blood transfusion laboratory is to promote safe blood transfusion. The avoidance of errors, from sample receipt and laboratory testing through to the release of blood for transfusion, is of paramount importance. Knowledge of immunohaematology theory and its application to blood transfusion together with the principles of good laboratory practice are essential. This handbook helps to address these important issues and also covers: * the serology, inheritance, biochemistry, and molecular genetics of the most important blood group systems * their clinical importance * techniques used in blood grouping, troubleshooting, and quality assurance This unique and practical guide: * is written by leaders in the field, including the author of the best seller Human Blood Groups * provides the basic knowledge of blood groups needed by all those working in the important fields of transfusion medicine and science.
* helps in resolving commonly encountered problems Essential Guide to Blood Groups will be valuable for undergraduate medical laboratory scientists and for postgraduate scientists and medical practitioners training to specialise in transfusion and transplantation. As a pocket edition, it will also be a useful addition to other reference works on blood groups for quick access to information for medical practitioners and in red cell immunohaematology laboratories.

Autor

Geoff Daniels, BSc, PhD, MRCPath, Senior Research Fellow, Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, Molecular Diagnostics Manager, International Blood Group Reference Laboratory, UK Imelda Bromilow, MSc, C.Biol, MIBiol, DMLM, Scientific Manager, DiaMed AG, Cressier Sur Murat, Switzerland

Inhalt

Abbreviations. 1. An introduction to blood groups. What is a blood group?. Blood group antibodies. Clinical importance of blood groups. Biological importance of blood groups. Blood group systems. Blood group terminology and classification. 2. Techniques used in blood grouping. Factors affecting antigen-antibody reactions. Temperature. Time and ionic strength. pH. Antigen density. Stages of haemagglutination reactions. Direct agglutination. Indirect agglutination. Enzyme techniques. Antiglobulin tests. Elution techniques. Automation of test procedures. Flow cytometry. Molecular blood group genotyping. 3. The ABO blood groups. Introduction. ABO antigens, antibodies, and inheritance. A1 and A2. Antigen, phenotype, and gene frequencies. ABO antibodies. The importance of the ABO system to transfusion and transplantation medicine. The biochemical nature of the ABO antigens. Biosynthesis of the ABO antigens and ABO molecular genetics. H, the precursor of A and B. ABH secretion. H-deficient red cells. Further complexities. Acquired changes. Associations with disease and functional aspects. 4. The Rh blood group system. Introduction - Rh, not rhesus. Haplotypes, genotypes, and phenotypes. Biochemistry and molecular genetics. D antigen (RH1). Molecular basis of the D polymorphism. D variants. Clinical significance of anti-D. D testing. Prediction of RhD phenotype from fetal DNA. C, c, E, and e antigens (RH2, RH4, RH3, RH5). Clinical significance of CcEe antibodies. Molecular basis of the C/c and E/e polymorphisms. Other Rh antigens. Compound antigens: ce, Ce, CE, cE (RH6, RH7, RH22, RH27) and G (RH12). Cw, Cx, MAR (RH8, RH9, RH51). VS, V (RH20, RH10). Rh-deficient phenotypes - Rhnull and Rhmod. Putative function of the Rh proteins and RhAG. 5. Other blood groups. The Kell System. The Kell glycoprotein and the KEL gene. Kell-system antigens. Kell-system antibodies. Ko phenotype. McLeod syndrome, McLeod phenotype, and Kx (XK1) antigen. The Duffy System. Fya (FY1) and Fyb (FY2). Anti-Fya and -Fyb. Fy3 and Fy5. The Duffy-glycoprotein, a receptor for chemokines. Duffy and malaria. The Kidd system. Jka (JK1) and Jkb (JK2); anti-Jka and -Jkb. Jk(a-b-) and Jk3. The Kidd-glycoprotein is a urea transporter. The MNS system. M (MNS1) and N (MNS2); anti-M and -N. S (MNS3) and s (MNS4); anti-S and -s. S- s- U- phenotype and anti-U. Other MNS antigens and antibodies. The Diego System. Band 3, the red cell anion exchanger. Dia (DI1) and Dib (DI2); anti-Dia and -Dib. Wra (DI3) and Wrb (DI4); anti-Wra and -Wrb. Other Diego-system antigens. The Lewis system. Some other blood group systems. P. Lutheran. Yt. Xg. Scianna. Dombrock. Colton. Landsteiner-Wiener (LW). Chido/Rodgers. Gerbich. Cromer. Knops. Indian. I. Antigens that do not belong to a blood group system. 6. Clinical significance of blood group antibodies. Antibody production and structure. Factors affecting the clinical significance of antibodies. Antibody specificity. Haemolytic transfusion reactions. Intravascular red cell destruction. Extravascular red cell destruction. Haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN). Cross-matching for infants under 4 months old. Autoantibodies. Tests to assess the potential significance of an antibody. Decision making for transfusion. 7. Quality assurance in immunohaematology. Achieving total quality. Frequency and specificity of control material. Quality requirements for safe transfusion practice. Checklist of critical control points. Quality control for molecular blood group testing. 8. Trouble-shooting and problem solving in the reference laboratory. ABO grouping. Rh grouping. Problems in antibody screening, identification and cross-matching. 9. Frequently asked questions. Recommended reading. Index

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 30.11.2007
• Verlagsort: Hoboken
• Sprache: englisch
• Maße: 141 x 218 mm
• Gewicht: 184 g
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete
• Themenwelt: Studium ► Querschnittsbereiche ► Infektiologie / Immunologie
• ISBN-10: 0-470-75092-8 / 0470750928
• ISBN-13: 978-0-470-75092-6 / 9780470750926
• Zustand: Neuware