Anatomy - An Essential Textbook (eBook)

Anne M Gilroy (Autor)

eBook Download: EPUB

2021 | 3. Auflage
634 Seiten
Thieme Medical Publishers (Verlag)
978-1-63853-293-4 (ISBN)

Infos

Third edition of acclaimed, richly illustrated textbook is the definitive resource for learning challenging anatomy!

While the relevance of anatomy to medical diagnosis and treatment continually evolves, anatomical knowledge will always be instrumental to effective treatment of patients. Building on the tradition of the highly acclaimed prior editions, Anatomy: An Essential Textbook, Third Edition by Anne M. Gilroy features new learning components that leverage the Thieme companion, Atlas of Anatomy, Fourth Edition. Concise, bulleted text paired with large, detailed anatomic figures enhance visual learning and retention of knowledge.

Organized by eight units, the book starts with basic concepts and a general overview of anatomic systems. Subsequent units focused on regional anatomy cover the Back, Thorax, Abdominal Wall and Inguinal Region, Pelvis and Perineum, Upper Limb, Lower Limb, and Head and Neck. Each unit includes a chapter on the practical application of regional imaging and extensive question sets with detailed explanations. A new ordering of chapters now mirrors the revised organization of the Atlas and sequence of dissections in most gross anatomy programs.

• More than 100 new images, updated illustrations, and revised versions of all autonomic schematics enhance understanding of anatomy
• New topics in clinical and developmental anatomy addressed throughout include clinically important vascular anastomoses, spinal cord development, and common anatomic anomalies
• Matching colored side tabs allow quick access to similar units in both books
• Over 50 of the new and previously included clinical and developmental correlations now feature descriptive images, radiographs, or schematics
• Self-testing sections in each unit have been expanded with over 40 new USMLE-style question sets with detailed explanations

This is the quintessential resource for medical students to build anatomy knowledge and confidence as they progress in their medical careers.

This book includes complimentary access to a digital copy on https://medone.thieme.com.

Textauszug

1 Introduction to Anatomic Systems and Terminology

Anatomy of the human body can be studied by inspection of all the systems that occupy a specific region or by considering the global aspects of a particular system throughout the entire body. The first approach tends to focus on anatomic relationships while the second is better suited to studying physiologic influences. Most systems, however, are conveniently confined to one or two regions, and in this text are discussed in the units devoted to those regions. Some systems, however, (those included in this chapter) are more pervasive throughout the body, and a fundamental under-standing of their basic organization is important before undertak-ing the study of the systems they support.

1.1 Structural Design of the Human Body

The most preliminary inspection of the human body reveals that it is structurally divided into a head and neck region, a trunk, and paired upper and lower extremities (limbs). Each is further divided into smaller regions (Fig. 1.1; Table 1.1). These house the structures that make up the functional organ systems that perform the basic bodily functions (Table 1.2). Although the pri-mary organ of a system is often confined to a single anatomic region (e.g., the brains resides in the head), systems extend beyond regional borders, both anatomically and physiologically, to inte-grate their influences on normal function and growth.

Table 1.1 Regional Subdivisions of the Body

Head

Neck

Trunk •Thorax (chest) •Abdomen •Pelvis

Upper limb •Shoulder girdle •Free upper limb

Lower limb •Pelvic girdle •Free lower limb

Table 1.2 Functional Subdivisions by Organ Systems

Locomotor system (musculoskeletal system) •Skeleton and skeletal connections (passive part) •Striated skeletal musculature (active part)

Viscera •Cardiovascular system •Hemolymphatic system •Endocrine system •Respiratory system •Digestive system •Urinary system •Male and female reproductive system

Nervous system •Central and peripheral nervous system •Sensory organs

The skin and its appendages

Fig. 1.1 Structural design of the human body: location of the internal organs.

(From Schuenke M, Schulte E, Schumacher U. THIEME Atlas of Anatomy, Vol 1. Illustrations by Voll M and Wesker K. 3rd ed. New York: Thieme Publishers; 2020.)

1.2 Terms of Location and Direction, Cardinal Planes, and Axes

—All locational and directional terms used in anatomy, and in medical practice, refer to the human body in the anatomic position, in which the body is upright, arms at the side, with the eyes, palms of the hands, and feet directed forward (Fig. 1.2, Table 1.3).

—Three perpendicular cardinal planes and three axes based on the three spatial coordinates can be drawn through the body (Fig. 1.3).

•The sagittal plane passes through the body from front to back, dividing it into right and left sides.

Fig. 1.2 Anatomic position.

Anterior view. (From Schuenke M, Schulte E, Schumacher U. THIEME Atlas of Anatomy, Vol 1. Illustrations by Voll M and Wesker K. 3rd ed. New York: Thieme Publishers; 2020.)

Table 1.3 General Terms of Location and Direction

Term	Explanation

Upper Body (Head, Neck, and Trunk)

Cranial

Pertaining to, or located toward, the head

Caudal

Pertaining to, or located toward, the tail

Anterior

Pertaining to, or located toward, the front; synonym: ventral (used for all animals)

Posterior

Pertaining to, or located toward, the back; synonym: dorsal (used for all animals)

Superior

Upper or above

Inferior

Lower or below

Axial

Pertaining to the axis of a structure

Transverse

Situated at right angles to the long axis of a structure

Longitudinal

Parallel to the long axis of a structure

Horizontal

Parallel to the plane of the horizon

Vertical

Perpendicular to the plane of the horizon

Medial

Toward the median plane

Lateral

Away from the median plane (toward the side)

Median

Situated in the median plane or midline

Peripheral

Situated away from the center

Superficial

Situated near the surface

Deep	Situated deep beneath the surface

External

Outer or lateral

Internal

Inner or medial

Apical

Pertaining to the top or apex

Basal

Pertaining to the bottom or base

Sagittal

Situated parallel to the sagittal suture

Coronal

Situated parallel to the coronal suture (pertaining to the crown of the head)

Limbs

Proximal

Close to, or toward, the trunk, or toward the point of origin

Distal

Away from the trunk (toward the end of the limb), or away from the point of origin

Radial

Pertaining to the radius or the lateral side of the forearm

Ulnar

Pertaining to the ulna or the medial side of the forearm

Tibial

Pertaining to the tibia or the medial side of the leg

Fibular

Pertaining to the fibula or the lateral side of the leg

Palmar (volar)

Pertaining to the palm of the hand

Plantar

Pertaining to the sole of the foot

Dorsal

Pertaining to the back of the hand or top of the foot

Fig. 1.3 Cardinal planes and axes.

Neutral position, left anterolateral view. (From Schuenke M, Schulte E, Schumacher U. THIEME Atlas of Anatomy, Vol 1. Illustrations by Voll M and Wesker K. 3rd ed. New York: Thieme Publishers; 2020.)

•The coronal plane passes through the body from side to side, dividing it into front (anterior) and back (posterior) parts.

•The transverse (axial, horizontal, cross-sectional) plane divides the body into upper and lower parts. A particular transverse section is often given the designation of the corresponding vertebral level, such as T4, which passes through the fourth thoracic vertebra.

•The longitudinal axis passes along the height of the body in a craniocaudal direction.

•The sagittal axis passes from the front to the back (or the back to the front) of the body in an anteroposterior direction.

•The transverse (horizontal) axis passes through the body from side to side.

1.3 Landmarks and Reference Lines

—In surface anatomy, palpable structures or visible markings on the surface of the body are used to identify the location of underlying structures. Reference lines are vertical or transverse planes that connect palpable structures or markings (Tables 1.4, 1.5, and 1.6; see also Fig. 1.5).

Table 1.4 Anterior and Lateral Reference Lines on the Trunk

(From Schuenke M, Schulte E, Schumacher U. THIEME Atlas of Anatomy, Vol 1. Illustrations by Voll M and Wesker K. 3rd ed. New York: Thieme Publishers; 2020.)

Anterior midline

Passes through the center of the sternum

Sternal line

Passes along the lateral border of the sternum

Midclavicular line

Passes through the midpoint of the clavicle

Parasternal line

Passes through a point midway between the sternal and midcla- vicular lines

Anterior axillary line

Marks the anterior axillary fold formed by the pectoralis major...

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 15.9.2021
• Reihe/Serie: Thieme Illustrated Reviews
• Illustrationen: Markus Voll, Karl H. Wesker
• Zusatzinfo: Beilage: Q&A
• Verlagsort: Stuttgart
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Chirurgie
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Studium
• Schlagworte: anatomical • board review • Boards • Pleural Cavity • Q&A • questions-and-answer • Self-Assessment • step 1 • trunk wall • USMLE review
• ISBN-10: 1-63853-293-1 / 1638532931
• ISBN-13: 978-1-63853-293-4 / 9781638532934