The Hands-on Guide to Clinical Reasoning in Medicine (eBook)

Mujammil Irfan (Autor)

eBook Download: EPUB

2018
John Wiley & Sons (Verlag)
978-1-119-24400-4 (ISBN)

Infos

The Hands-on Guide to Clinical Reasoning in Medicine

The Hands-on Guide to Clinical Reasoning in Medicine is the perfect companion to your time on clinical placements, providing an easy-to-read, highly visual guide to help develop your clinical decision-making skills, and transfer your knowledge into practice. It's packed full of useful tips, key boxes, exercises and summaries that are designed to help you apply the knowledge gained in clinical practice.

Divided into the common clinical placements that you would find yourself in-Respiratory, Cardiovascular, Neurology, Geriatrics, Gastroenterology, Nephrology, Endocrinology and Rheumatology-each chapter covers the diagnosis of common clinical conditions, as well as decision-making in their investigation and management.

Written for medical students in their clinical years, as well as new doctors and advanced nurse practitioners, The Hands-on Guide to Clinical Reasoning in Medicine provides students with an accessible resource for honing their clinical reasoning skills.

Take the stress out of clinical reasoning with The Hands-on Guide!

A companion website is available at www.wiley.com/go/irfan/clinicalreasoning featuring a downloadable reflective action guide.

For more information on the complete range of Wiley medical student and junior doctor publishing, please visit: www.wiley.com

To receive automatic updates on Wiley books and journals, join our email list. Sign up today at www.wiley.com/email

All content reviewed by students for students

Mujammil Irfan MBBS, MRCP(UK), MSc Medical Education, SCE Respiratory Medicine, is a Consultant Respiratory Physician in Copenhagen, Denmark.

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The Hands-on Guide to Clinical Reasoning in Medicine is the perfect companion to your time on clinical placements, providing an easy-to-read, highly visual guide to help develop your clinical decision making skills, and transfer your knowledge into practice. Packed full of useful tips, key boxes, exercises and summaries that are designed to help you apply the knowledge gained in clinical practice. Divided into the common clinical placements that you would find yourself in: Respiratory, Cardiovascular, Neurology, Geriatrics, Gastroenterology, Nephrology, Endocrinology and Rheumatology, each chapter covers the diagnosis of common clinical conditions, as well as decision-making in their investigation and management. Written for medical students in their clinical years, as well as new doctors and advanced nurse practitioners, The Hands-on Guide to Clinical Reasoning in Medicine provides students with an accessible resource for honing their clinical reasoning skills. Take the stress out of clinical decision making with The Hands-on Guide!

Inhalt

Foreword, ix

Preface, xi

Acknowledgements, xiii

Reviewers, xv

Abbreviations, xvii

Normal Reference Ranges, xix

Icons Explained, xxi

About the Companion Website, xxiii

1 Introduction: The Skeleton Laid Bare, 1

Part I Respiratory Medicine, 11

2 History Taking: A Breath of Fresh Air, 13

3 Clinical Examination: The Rustle of Leaves, 20

4 Interpretation of Chest Radiographs: The Light Through the Tunnel, 22

5 Interpretation of Arterial Blood Gases and Pleural Fluid Results: Needling it Out, 26

6 Chronic Cough, 30

7 Acute Breathlessness, 37

8 Acute Chest Pain, 45

9 Acute Haemoptysis, 50

Part II Cardiovascular Medicine, 55

10 History Taking: The Three Pillow Dilemma, 57

11 Clinical Examination: The Orchestra of Sounds, 62

12 Interpretation of Chest Radiographs: Let There Be Light, 67

13 Interpretation of Electrocardiograms: The Rhythm of Life, 70

14 Palpitations, 75

15 Worsening Breathlessness, 80

16 Vague Systemic Symptoms, 85

17 Acute Chest Pain, 89

18 Blurring the Margins, 94

Part III Nephrology, 99

19 History Taking: Blood in the Urine, 101

20 Clinical Examination: Why Is the Kidney Failing?, 107

21 Renal Investigations: The Case of the Frothy Urine, 110

22 Hypertension, 115

23 Haematuria, 120

24 Oedema, 124

25 Non-Specific Symptoms, 128

Part IV Endocrinology, 133

26 History Taking: Why Am I Losing Weight Doctor?, 135

27 Clinical Examination: Looking at the Person as a Whole, 137

28 Investigations: Seeing the Wood for the Trees, 143

29 Weight Gain, 147

30 Palpitations, 151

31 Weight Loss, 155

32 Thirsty and Confused, 159

Part V Neurology, 163

33 History Taking: What a Headache, 165

34 Clinical Examination: Walking Straight, 169

35 Investigations: The Light Bulb, 178

36 Headache, 185

37 Diplopia, 190

38 Leg Weakness, 195

39 Unilateral Weakness, 201

Part VI Geriatric Medicine, 205

40 History Taking: The Haze of Confusion, 207

41 Clinical Examination: Why Do I Keep Falling?, 212

42 Urinary Continence, 215

43 Falls, 220

44 Acute Confusion, 225

45 Dementia, 231

Part VII Gastroenterology, 237

46 History Taking: Where is the Pain?, 239

47 Clinical Examination: I Have Turned Yellow Doctor!, 246

48 Investigations: Journey to the Centre of the Abdomen and Beyond, 250

49 Weight Loss and Diarrhoea, 257

50 Jaundice, 262

51 Haematemesis and Melaena, 266

52 Abdominal Pain, 271

Part VIII Rheumatology, 277

53 History Taking: My Joints Hurt, 279

54 Clinical Examination: A Hot Swollen Joint, 282

55 Investigations: A Glimpse into the Creaky Bones, 286

56 Muscle Aches, 291

57 Joint Pain, 296

58 Back Pain, 301

59 Multi-System Disease, 305

Part IX Common Clinical Conditions, 311

60 Common Clinical Conditions, 313

61 Respiratory Block, 314

62 Cardiology, 318

63 Nephrology, 323

64 Neurology, 326

65 Gastroenterology, 330

66 Geriatric Medicine, 333

67 Endocrinology, 335

68 Rheumatology, 337

Index, 338

Rezensionen

"The Hands-on Guide to Clinical Reasoning in Medicine is a great book aimed at medical students. It uses ideas such as concept maps, activities, and cases to take learners through the diagnostic process in an explicit way. This approach is likely to be more useful than a 'traditional' textbook when it comes to thinking through real patients' problems. The book covers the internal medicine curriculum, and there is also an accompanying website. It's well laid out and easy to read.

It's designed to be an internal medicine textbook written through a clinical reasoning lens - and the result is a practical book that makes learning more likely to happen. I'd recommend it to medical students, junior doctors, advanced clinical practitioners, and others who need to get to grips with the basics of medicine but in a thoroughly practical and applicable way." - Dr Nicola Cooper, Consultant Physician, Honorary Clinical Associate Professor, University Hospitals of Derby & Burton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Nottingham, UK and co-editor of the ABC of Clinical Reasoning.

"The book is written in an informal, conversational style with a friendly and coaching feel ... the questions are thought provoking, with a patient at the centre. The prompts in the text serve as a useful guide to develop skills in clinical reasoning." - British Journal of General Practice, July 2020

Textauszug

Abbreviations

A&E

Accident and emergency unit

A‐a

Alveolar‐arterial gradient

ABG

Arterial blood gas

ACEi

Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor

ACPA

Anti‐citrullinated protein antigen

ACR

Albumin‐creatinine ratio

ACS

Acute coronary syndrome

ACTH

Adreno‐corticotropin hormone

ADH

Anti‐diuretic hormone

ADL

Activities of daily living

AF

Atrial fibrillation

AG

Anion gap

AIN

Acute interstitial nephritis

AKI

Acute kidney injury

ALP

Alkaline phosphatase

ALS

Advanced life support

ALT

Alanine transferase

AMT

Abbreviated mental test

ANA

Antinuclear antibody

ANCA

Anti‐nuclear cytoplasmic antibody

APKD

Adult onset polycystic kidney disease

APTT

Anti‐prothrombin clotting time

ARB

Angiotensin receptor blocker

ARDS

Acute respiratory distress syndrome

ARR

Absolute risk reduction

ATN

Acute tubular necrosis

AV

Atrioventricular

AVM

Arteriovenous malformation

AXR

Abdominal X‐ray

BE

Base excess

BMI

Body mass index

BMs

Blood sugars

BP

Blood pressure

BPH

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

bpm

Beats per minute

BTS

British Thoracic Society

CABG

Coronary artery bypass graft

CAM

Confusion assessment method

CAP

Community acquired pneumonia

CCF

Congestive cardiac failure

CDT

Clock drawing test

CGA

Comprehensive geriatric assessment

CK

Creatinine kinase

CKD

Chronic kidney disease

CMV

Cytomegalovirus

CNS

Central nervous system

COPD

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

CRP

c‐reactive protein

CSF

Cerebrospinal fluid

CT

Computerised tomography

CTD

Connective tissue disease

CTPA

Computerised tomography pulmonary angiogram

CVA

Cerebrovascular accident

CVS

Cardiovascular system

CXR

Chest x‐ray

DI

Diabetes insipidus

DIP

Distal interphalangeal joint

DKA

Diabetic ketoacidosis

DM

Diabetes mellitus

DNAR

Do not attempt resuscitation

DVT

Deep vein thrombosis

EBM

Evidence based medicine

EBV

Epstein Barr virus

ECF

Extracellular fluid

ECG

Electrocardiogram

EF

Ejection fraction

eGFR

Estimated glomerular filtration rate

EMG

Electromyogram

ESR

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate

ESRD

End‐stage renal disease

ET

Exercise tolerance

GBS

Guillain Barre syndrome

GCA

Giant cell arteritis

GCS

Glasgow coma scale

GERD

Gastro‐esophageal reflux

GGT

Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase

GIB

Gastrointestinal bleed

GI

Gastrointestinal

GN

Glomerulonephritis

GORD

Gastro‐oesophageal reflux

GP

General practitioner

GTCS

Generalised tonic clonic seizures

GTN

Nitroglycerine

H/O

History of

HAP

Hospital acquired pneumonia

Hb

Haemoglobin

HBV

Hepatitis B

HCM

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

HHS

Hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state

HIV

Human immunodeficiency virus

HPA

Hypothalamo‐pituitary‐adrenal axis

HPOA

Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy

HR

Heart rate

HRCT

High resolution computerised tomography

HSV

Herpes simplex virus

HT

Hypertension

IBD

Inflammatory bowel disease

IBS

Irritable bowel syndrome

ICD

Implantable cardioverter defibrillator

ICH

Intracranial haemorrhage

ICP

Intracranial pressure

ICS

Intercostal space

IGRA

Interferon gamma release assay

IHD

Ischaemic heart disease

IIH

Intracranial hypertension

ILD

Interstitial lung disease

INR

International normalised ratio

IPF

idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

ITU

Intensive care unit

IV

Intravenous

JVP

Jugular venous pressure

LBBB

Left bundle branch block

LDH

Lactate dehydrogenase

LFT

Liver function test

LGIB

Lower gastrointestinal bleed

LHF

Left heart failure

LIF

Left iliac fossa

LMN

Lower motor neurone

LMWH

Low molecular weight heparin

LP

Lumbar puncture

LR

Likelihood ratio

LV

Left ventricle

LVF

Left ventricular failure

LVH

Left ventricular hypertrophy

MAP

Mean arterial pressure

MC&S

Microscopy, culture and sensitivity

MCI

Mild cognitive impairement

MCV

Mean corpuscular volume

MI

Myocardial infarction

MMSE

Mini mental state examination

MODS

Multi‐organ dysfunction syndrome

MRI

magnetic resonance imaging

MRA

Magnetic resonance angiogram

NASH

Non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis

NCS

Nerve conduction studies

NIV

Non‐invasive ventillation

NMJ

Neuromuscular junction

NNT

Number needed to treat

NOAC

Newer oral anticoagulants

NPH

Normal pressure hydrocephalus

NSAIDs

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs

NSTEMI

Non‐ST elevation MI

O/E

On examination

OA

Osteoarthritis

OCP

Oral contraceptive pill

OGD

Oesophagogastroduodenoscopy

OSCE

Objective structured clinical examination

PA

Per abdomen

P‐A

Postero‐anterior

PCKD

Polycystic kidney disease

PCP

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia

PCR

Polymerase chain reaction

PE

Pulmonary embolism

PESI

Pulmonary embolism severity index

PFT

Pulmonary function test

PMH

Previous medical history

PMN

Polymorphonuclear cell count

PMR

Polymyalgia rheumatica

PND

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea

PNS

Peripheral nervous system

PPI

Proton pump inhibitor

PPM

Permanent pacemaker

PR

Per rectal

prn

As required

PSC

Primary sclerosing cholangitis

PT

Prothrombin time

PTH

Parathyroid hormone

PUD

Peptic ulcer disease

PVD

Peripheral vascular disease

py

Pack year

RAAS

Renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system

RF

Rheumatoid factor

RHF

Right heart failure

RR

Respiratory rate

RS

Respiratory system

RVH

Right ventricular hypertrophy

SAAG

Serum ascities albumin gradient

SAH

Subarachnoid haemorrhage

SARD

Systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease

sats

Oxygen saturations

SDH

Subdural haemorrhage

SHO

Senior house officer

SIADH

Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion

SIRS

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome

SLE

Systemic lupus erythematosis

SOB

Shortness of breath

SOBOE

Shortness of breath on exertion

SOL

Space occupying lesion

SpA

Spondylarthropathy

SBP

spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

SQs

Semantic qualifiers

STEMI

ST elevation MI

SVCO

Superior vena cava obstruction

TB

Tuberculosis

TFTs

Thyroid function tests

TIA

Transient ischaemic attack

TLOC

Transient loss of consciousness

TSH

Thyroid stimulating hormone

U&E

Urea and electrolytes

UACS

Upper airway cough syndrome

UGIB

Upper gastrointestinal bleed

UMN

Upper motor neurone

UOP

Urinary output

URTI

Upper respiratory tract infection

USG

Ultrasonography

UTI

Urinary tract...

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 30.11.2018
• Reihe/Serie: Hands-on Guides
• Reihe/Serie: Hands-on Guides
• Reihe/Serie: Hands-on Guides
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete
• Themenwelt: Studium ► 2. Studienabschnitt (Klinik) ► Anamnese / Körperliche Untersuchung
• Schlagworte: acute chest pain • Acute haemoptysis • A Guide to Clinical Reasoning in Medicine • book on clinical reasoning in medicine • cardiovascular block • chronic cough airway disorders • Clinical Skills • Focussing on relevant aspects of history from a lung perspective • Focussing on relevant clinical features and their interpretation • Interpretation of chest radiographs • Interpretation of electrocardiograms • Klinische Fertigkeiten • medical education • Medical Professional Development • Medical Science • Medizin • Medizinstudium • Parenchymal disorders and gastro-esophageal reflux disease • Perspektiven in medizinischen Berufen • pleural effusion to very ill with a pulmonary embolism and dying from hemoptysis • Pneumonia and pleural effusion • Pneumothorax • Relevant aspects of history from a cardiology perspective • text on clinical reasoning in medicine • The relevant clinical features and their interpretation from a respiratory perspective • Understanding clinical reasoning in medicine
• ISBN-10: 1-119-24400-5 / 1119244005
• ISBN-13: 978-1-119-24400-4 / 9781119244004