Basic Sciences for Dental Students (eBook)

Simon A. Whawell, Daniel W. Lambert (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2017
John Wiley & Sons (Verlag)
978-1-118-90609-5 (ISBN)

Infos

The 'all-in-one' solution to mastering basic sciences in preclinical dentistry

Basic Sciences for Dental Students is a cutting edge textbook specifically designed to support the needs of early years undergraduate dental students. Written by leaders in dental education and active oral and dental researchers involved with student assessment, the text explains the basic science that underpins the dental curriculum in undergraduate dental courses worldwide.

Specifically related to dentistry and future clinical practice, chapters cover all of the introductory subjects that students need to know - biomolecules, cell biology, tissues of the body, cardiovascular, circulatory and pulmonary systems, the nervous system, immunology, oral microbiology, pathology, head and neck anatomy, tooth development, craniofacial development, saliva, and dental materials.

Key features:

• Provides the basic science that underpins the early years of a dental curriculum
• Specifically tailored towards dentistry and future clinical practice
• Written by leaders in dental education and active oral and dental researchers
• Includes learning objectives and clinical relevance boxes throughout
• Self-assessment questions and downloadable figures are hosted on a companion website

Basic Sciences for Dental Students is an indispensable resource for undergraduate dental students, especially those in the early years of their studies. It is also a useful revision tool for postgraduate MJDF and MFDS examinations and overseas candidates sitting their OREs.

Simon A. Whawell, BSc (Hons) PhD DipEd FHEA FRCPath is Reader in Oral Science at the School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, UK.

Daniel W. Lambert, BSc (Hons) PhD FHEA is Reader in Molecular Cell Biology at the School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, UK. 

Inhalt

Title Page 5
Copyright Page 6
Contents 7
List of Contributors 9
About the Companion Website 11
Chapter 1 Biomolecules 13
Introduction 13
Biological Bonding 14
Water, Water Everywhere 14
Amino Acids and Proteins 14
Urea Cycle 15
Amino Acid Ionization 15
Classification of Amino Acids 15
Peptide Bonding 16
Protein Structure 16
Posttranslational Modifications 17
Enzymes 17
Regulation of Enzyme Activity 18
Nucleic Acids 22
Carbohydrates 22
The Structure of Carbohydrates 22
Oligosaccharides and Polysaccharides 24
Carbohydrates as a Fuel 25
The TCA Cycle 25
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) 25
Oxidative Phosphorylation 27
Control of Metabolism 27
Lipids 30
Sources of Lipids 31
Metabolism in the Fed and Fasting States 31
Chapter 2 Cell Biology 35
Introduction 35
The Plasma Membrane 36
The Structure of Membranes 36
Membrane Proteins 36
Subcellular Organelles 39
The Nucleus 39
The Endoplasmic Reticulum and Golgi Apparatus 42
Lysosomes 42
Mitochondria 42
The Cytoskeleton 44
Life and Death of a Cell 44
The Cell Cycle 44
Apoptosis 46
p53 and p27 47
Viruses, Apoptosis and Cancer 47
Chapter 3 Tissues of the Body 49
Epithelia 49
Classification of Epithelia 50
Oral Epithelium 50
Glands 51
Connective Tissues 52
Connective Tissue Cells 52
Composition of the ECM 53
Categories of Connective Tissue 54
Structure and Function of Cartilage 56
Structure and Function of Bone 58
Muscle 60
Structure of Muscle 61
How do Muscles Contract? 62
Control of Muscle Contraction 62
Chapter 4 The Cardiovascular, Circulatory and Pulmonary Systems 63
Introduction 63
Cardiac System 64
The Heart as a Pump 64
Structure of the Heart 64
Contraction of the Heart 65
Circulatory System 69
Anatomy 69
Different Types of Vessel in the Circulatory System 69
Basic Structure of Blood Vessels 70
Blood Flow and Regulation 71
Auto?regulation of Blood Pressure 71
Posture, Blood Volume and Blood Pressure 74
The Pulmonary System 74
Anatomy of the Airways and Gas Exchange 74
Mechanics of Breathing (Inspiration and Expiration) 75
Exchange of Gas between the Atmosphere, Alveoli, Blood and Tissues 77
Control of Breathing 77
Chapter 5 The Nervous System 79
Introduction 79
Subdivisions of the Nervous System 79
Structural Components of the Nervous System 81
Neurones 81
Synapses 84
Glia 86
Anatomical Organization of Peripheral Somatic Nerves and Spinal Cord 87
Peripheral Nerves 87
The Spinal Cord 90
The Autonomic Nervous System 90
Functions 91
Anatomy and Pharmacology 91
Anatomy of the Brain 93
The Hindbrain (Rhombencephalon) 94
The Midbrain (Mesencephalon) 96
The Forebrain (Prosencephalon) 98
Sensory and Motor Pathways, Motor Nerve Injuries, Basal Ganglia 98
Summary of Brain Anatomy and Function 101
Chapter 6 Introduction to Immunology 103
Introduction 103
Physical and Chemical Barriers to Infection 104
Microbiological Barriers to Infection 105
Molecular Elements of Innate Immunity: Antimicrobial Peptides and Complement 106
Cellular Elements of Innate Immunity 107
Innate Immune Signalling: Pattern Recognition, Chemotaxis and the Interferon Response 109
Adaptive Immunity I: B-cells and Antibodies 112
Adaptive Immunity II: Antigen Presentation and T-cell Activation 113
Inflammation 117
Immune Responses During Infection 117
Malfunctions of the Immune System 121
Vaccination 124
Chapter 7 Oral Microbiology 127
Introduction 127
Oral Microbiota 128
Gram-Positive Bacteria 128
Gram-Negative Bacteria 128
Fungi 131
Viruses 131
Microbial Communities in the Mouth 131
Oral Microenvironments 131
Dental Plaque Formation 133
Intermicrobial Signals 134
Extracellular Matrix 135
Climax Community 135
Microbiology of Caries 135
Disease 135
Aetiology 136
Microbiology of Periodontal Diseases 138
Classification 138
Host Factors 138
Bacterial Factors 139
Aetiology 141
Other Oral Infections 141
Endodontic Infections 141
Bone Infections 142
Fungal Infections 142
Viral Infections 144
Summary 146
Chapter 8 Introduction to Pathology 147
Introduction 147
Aetiology of Disease 148
Environmental Causes of Disease 148
Genetic Factors in Disease 150
Mechanisms of Disease 150
Irreversible Cell Injury 151
Reversible Cell Injury 154
Inflammation 155
Two Types of Inflammation are Recognized: Acute and Chronic 155
Acute Inflammation 155
Chronic Inflammation 161
Granulomatous Inflammation 163
Chapter 9 Head and Neck Anatomy 167
The Cranial Nerves 167
The Olfactory Nerves (CN I) 168
The Optic Nerves (CN II) 169
The Oculomotor (CN III), Trochlear (CN IV) and Abducens (CN VI) Nerves 169
The Trigeminal Nerves (CN V) 169
The Facial Nerves (CN VII) 169
The Vestibulocochlear Nerves (CN VIII) 170
The Glossopharyngeal Nerves (CN IX) 170
The Vagus Nerves (X) 170
The Accessory Nerves (CN XI) 170
The Hypoglossal Nerves (CN XII) 171
The Face and Neck 171
The Skeletal Components of the Neck 171
Muscles of the Neck 172
The Skeletal Components of the Head and Face 172
Muscles of Facial Expression 172
Facial Nerve 173
Cutaneous Innervation 173
Blood Vessels of the Head and Neck 174
Lymphatic Drainage of the Head and Neck 174
The Temporomandibular Joint 175
Muscles of Mastication 175
The Oral Cavity 177
Sensory Innervation of the Oral Cavity 180
The Pharynx and Larynx 181
The Pharynx 181
The Larynx 181
Laryngeal Cartilages 181
Vocal Folds 182
Laryngeal Muscles 182
Innervation of the Larynx 183
Thyoid Gland 183
The Orbit 183
Extraocular Muscles and their Innervation 184
The Paranasal Air Sinuses 185
Maxillary Air Sinus 185
Frontal Air Sinus 185
Chapter 10 Tooth Development, Tooth Morphology and Tooth-Supporting Structures 187
Introduction 187
Early Tooth Development 188
Late Tooth Development 190
Dentinogenesis 191
Dentine Mineralization 192
Matrix-Vesicle-Mediated Mineralization 193
Heterogenous Nucleation or Epitaxy 193
Mineralization of Primary and Secondary (Circumpulpal) Dentine 193
Other Factors Limiting/Controlling Mineralization 194
Tooth Root Formation 194
Epithelial–Mesenchymal Interactions in Tooth Development 195
Amelogenesis 197
Enamel Mineralization 198
Tooth Morphology 199
Development of the Tooth-Supporting Structures 199
Periodontal Ligament 199
Alveolar Bone 202
Junctional Epithelium 202
Chapter 11 Craniofacial Development 205
Introduction 205
Jaws and Support Skeleton 205
The Temporomandibular Joint 208
Cranial and Facial Sutures 210
The Tongue 212
The Palate 213
Craniofacial Syndromes 215
Chapter 12 Saliva and Salivary Glands 219
Introduction 219
Salivary Gland Anatomy and Structure 220
How is Saliva Formed by Salivary Glands? 223
The Salivary Reflex 223
Receptor-Mediated Signalling and Secretion in Salivary Glands 226
Salivary Gland Secretory Mechanisms 227
Protein Secretion by Salivary Gland Cells 229
The Composition and Functions of Saliva 230
Oral Clearance and the Salivary Fluid Film 230
The Acquired Protein Pellicle 231
Functions of Salivary Proteins 231
Functions of Ionic Components of Saliva 233
Chapter 13 Introduction to Dental Materials 235
Introduction 235
The Structure of Matter 237
Covalent Bonds 237
Ionic Bonds 237
Metallic Bonds 237
Van der Waals’ Bonds 237
Hydrogen Bonds 237
The Nature of Materials and Examples in Dentistry 238
Metals and Alloys 238
Microstructure of Metals 238
Alloys 238
Intermetallic Compounds 239
Ceramic and Glasses 239
Polymers 242
Composites 243
Physical and Mechanical Properties 244
Mechanical Properties 244
Thermal Properties 246
Safety, Biocompatibility and Adverse Reactions 248
Adverse Reactions to Dental Materials 248
Legal and Regulatory Requirements 249
Biocompatibility Testing 250
Conclusions 252
Index 253
EULA 287

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 23.10.2017
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Allgemeines / Lexika
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Gesundheitsfachberufe
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Zahnmedizin
• Schlagworte: basic sciences for dentistry • biomolecules • Cardiovascular • Cell Biology • circulatory and pulmonary systems • Clinical Dentistry • craniofacial development • degree in dentistry • Dental education • dental materials</p> • Dental School • dentistry • Einführung i. d. Zahnmedizin • head and neck anatomy • immunology • Introductions to Dentistry • introductory dentistry • <p>dentistry • medical school • oral microbiology • Oral Sciences & Technology • Pathology • preclinical dentistry • Saliva • the nervous system • tissues of the body • tooth development • undergraduate dentistry • Wissenschaft u. Technologie der Mundheilkunde • Zahnmedizin
• ISBN-10: 1-118-90609-8 / 1118906098
• ISBN-13: 978-1-118-90609-5 / 9781118906095