Clinical Psychology (eBook)

A Global Perspective

Stefan G. Hofmann (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2017
John Wiley & Sons (Verlag)
978-1-118-96000-4 (ISBN)

Infos

The first book to offer a truly global perspective on the theory and practice of clinical psychology 

While clinical psychology is practiced the world over, up to now there has been no text devoted to examining it within a global context. The first book of its kind, Clinical Psychology: A Global Perspective brings together contributions from clinicians and scholars around the world to share their insights and observations on the theory and practice of clinical psychology.

Due partly to language barriers and entrenched cultural biases, there is little cultural cross-pollination within the field of clinical psychology. In fact, most of the popular texts were written for English-speaking European and Anglo-American audiences and translated for other countries. As a result, most psychologists are unaware of how their profession is conceptualized and practiced in different regions, or how their own practices can be enriched by knowledge of the theories and modalities predominant among colleagues in other parts of the world. This book represents an important first step toward rectifying that state of affairs.

• Explores key differences and similarities in how clinical psychology is conceptualized and practiced with children, adolescents and adults across different countries and cultures
• Addresses essential research methods, clinical interviews, psychometric testing, neuropsychological assessments, and dominant treatment modalities
• Follows a consistent format with each chapter focusing on a specific area of the practice of clinical psychology while integrating cultural issues within the discussion
• Includes coverage of how to adapt one's practice to the differing cultures of individual clients, and how to work in multidisciplinary teams within a global context

Clinical Psychology: A Global Perspective is a valuable resource for students, trainees, and practicing psychologists, especially those who work with ethnic minority groups or with interpreters. It is also a must-read for practitioners who are considering working internationally.  

STEFAN G. HOFMANN, PHD, is Professor of Psychology in the Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences at Boston University, where he directs the Psychotherapy and Emotion Research Laboratory. His main research focuses on the mechanism of treatment change, translating discoveries from neuroscience into clinical applications, emotion regulation strategies, and cultural expressions of psychopathology. He is the author of more than three hundred scientific publications and twenty books. He is a Highly Cited Researcher by Thomson Reuters, and has many other awards.

Inhalt

Cover 1
Title Page 5
Copyright 6
Contents 7
Notes on Contributors 17
Preface 25
Chapter 1: Research Methods 27
Introduction 27
Research on the Frequency, Cause, and Prevention of Psychological Problems, and Disorders 27
Epidemiology 27
Etiology and Analytical Epidemiology 28
Prevention 29
Evaluating Clinical Interventions and Treatments 29
Does the Intervention Work? 30
Quantifying the Effects of an Intervention 32
Integrating the Results from Multiple Studies—Meta-analyses 33
Is the Intervention Effective for this Specific Patient? 34
How, for Whom, and under which Conditions do Clinical Interventions Work? 36
Summary 38
References 38
Chapter 2: Classification Systems across the Globe 41
Introduction 41
Classification Systems in Western Cultures 42
Atheoretical Classification Systems 42
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) 42
The International Classification of Diseases, Injuries and Causes of Death (ICD) 43
Theory-based Psychoanalytic and Psychodynamic Classification Systems 44
Classification Systems in Non-Western Cultures 45
The Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders (CCMD) 46
Specific Classification Systems 48
Specific Categorical Classification Systems 48
Specific Noncategorical Classification Systems 49
References 52
Chapter 3: Clinical Interviewing with Adults 55
Introduction 55
Goals of the Clinical Interview 55
Elements of the Clinical Interview 56
Diagnostic Criteria 56
Risk Assessment 58
Behavioral Observation 59
Psychosocial Assessment 60
Interviewing Techniques 61
Reliability and Validity of Interviews 62
Integrating Cultural Context in Interviews 64
Actuarial Judgment 64
Functional Analysis 65
Differential Diagnosis 66
Summary 66
References 66
Chapter 4: Clinical Interviews with Children and Adolescents* 69
Introduction 69
Clinical Interviews with Children and Adolescents 71
Implementation of Clinical Interviews 77
Diagnostics with Children Needs Training! 77
Age, Age, Age . . . 78
Interviews with Preschool Children 78
Are Children Reliable Informants? 79
Difficulties in Daily Practice 82
Difficulties on the Patient’s Side 82
Difficulties regarding Taxonomy 83
Difficulties on the Diagnostician’s Side 83
Everything Perfect? How Often are Structured Interviews used in Clinical Practice? 84
Summary 85
References 86
Chapter 5: Psychological Tests 91
Introduction 91
Principles and Properties of Psychological Tests 92
Types of Psychological Tests 92
Objective Personality Tests 93
The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI/MMPI-2) 93
Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-III) 95
The Personality Assessment Inventory 98
The NEO-PI-R 98
Conclusion 99
Projective Clinical Assessment Instruments 99
Rorschach Inkblot Test 99
Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) 99
Other Instruments 100
Computer Test Interpretation 100
Recent Challenges 101
References 102
Chapter 6: A Global Perspective on Neuropsychological Assessment 107
Introduction 107
Overlapping Histories: Neuropsychological Assessment 108
Purposes of Neuropsychological Assessment 109
Classification of Behavior and Cognition in Neuropsychological Assessment 111
Emotionality 112
Executive Functions 113
Neuropsychological Assessment: Approaches and Methods 113
Approaches Emphasizing Qualitative Methods 113
Approaches Emphasizing Quantitative Methods 114
Critical Considerations for Neuropsychological Assessment in a Global Society 115
Interpretation of Neuropsychological Assessment Results 117
Feedback and Recommendations 119
Future Directions for Neuropsychological Assessment: A Global Perspective 120
References 121
Chapter 7: Culturally Informed Neuropsychological Assessment 125
Introduction 125
The Field of Clinical Neuropsychology 125
Clinical Neuropsychology Assessment 126
Intelligence 127
Achievement 129
Attention 129
Memory 129
Language 130
Executive Functioning 130
Visual Spatial 131
Motor Functioning 131
Crosscultural Considerations in Clinical Neuropsychology 131
Are Nonverbal Tests Culture Free? 132
Bilingualism 132
Translating Tests 133
Literacy 133
Norming by Race or Country 134
Acculturation 134
Interaction of Different Subject Characteristics 135
Child Neuropsychology 135
Reading Disorder: A Lens through which to View Crosscultural Issues 135
Research Study 136
Clinical Case Study 137
Background 137
Test Performance 137
Interpretation 138
Diagnosis and Recommendations 138
Summary 139
References 139
Chapter 8: Evidence-Based Treatments: The Debate 145
Introduction 145
Defining Evidence-Based Treatments 146
Evidence-Based Treatments: The Debate 147
Conclusions 154
References 155
Chapter 9: Childhood and Adolescent Disorders 161
Neurodevelopmental Disorders 162
Intellectual Disabilities 162
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) 163
Specific Learning Disorder (SLD) 164
Attention-Deficit?/?Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) 164
Communication Disorders 165
Motor Disorders 167
Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorders 168
Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) 169
Conduct Disorder (CD) 170
Intermittent Explosive Disorder (IED) 170
Summary 171
References 172
Chapter 10: Mood Disorders 179
Symptomatology and Classification of Mood Disorders 179
Epidemiology 182
Depressive Disorders 182
Bipolar and Related Disorders 183
Assessment 183
Treatment 184
Basic Strategies 184
Behavioral Activation 186
Cognitive Therapy 187
Interpersonal Approaches 188
Psychological Treatments for Recurrent and Persistent Depression 189
Psychological Treatments for Bipolar Disorder 190
Empirical Evidence for the Efficacy of Psychological Treatments in Mood Disorders 191
Conclusions 192
References 193
Chapter 11: Anxiety and Obsessive-Compulsive Related Disorders 199
Treatment of Anxiety and Obsessive-Compulsive Related Disorders 199
Overview of Anxiety and OC-related Disorders 199
Diagnostic Features 199
Epidemiological Features 200
Treatment of Anxiety and OC-Related Disorders 203
Psychoeducation 203
Motivational Enhancement 203
Self-Monitoring 204
Cognitive Strategies 204
Exposure-Based Strategies 205
Relaxation-Based Strategies 206
Mindfulness and Acceptance-Based Strategies 207
Habit Reversal 207
Social-Skills Training 208
Problem-Solving Training 208
Pharmacotherapy 208
Psychological Treatments for Particular Disorders 209
Cultural Considerations in Treatment 210
Summary 211
References 211
Chapter 12: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder 217
Definition 217
Prevalence of PTSD 219
The Course of PTSD 219
Comorbidity 220
Theoretical Models of PTSD 220
Risk Factors 221
Treating PTSD 223
Early Intervention for PTSD 224
Complex PTSD 225
Conclusions 226
References 227
Chapter 13: Eating Disorders 235
Psychopathology of Eating Disorders 235
Classification of Eating Disorders 235
Epidemiology and Comorbidity 237
Physical Symptoms and Risks 238
Differential Diagnosis 238
Assessment 238
Development, First Onset and Maintenance Factors 239
Treatment 241
Cognitive-affective Preparation for Therapy 241
Nutritional Management 243
Improvement in Body Image Disturbances 244
Enhancement of Stress Management including Interpersonal Conflict Management 245
Cognitive Interventions 245
Maintenance of Therapeutic Gains and Prevention of Relapses 246
Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) 246
References 247
Chapter 14: Sexual Dysfunctions 251
Introduction 251
Classification of Sexual Dysfunctions 251
Prevalence of Sexual Dysfunctions 252
Risk Factors for Sexual Dysfunction 253
Sociodemographic, Relationship and Health Risk Factors 253
Psychological Factors and Sexual Dysfunction 254
Trait Factors 254
Psychological Processing Factors 255
Psychological Models of Sexual Dysfunction 256
Masters and Johnson Psychophysiological Model 256
Barlow’s Cognitive-Affective Model 256
Nobre’s Cognitive-Emotional Model 257
Treatments for Sexual Dysfunction 257
Review of Treatment Outcome Studies for Sexual Dysfunction 259
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Sexual Dysfunction 260
Cognitive Restructuring 261
Brief Summary 261
References 262
Chapter 15: Couple Distress 269
Introduction 269
What are the Processes that Differentiate Functional Couples from Dysfunctional Ones? 270
Assessment of the Couples 271
Goal Setting in Couple Therapy 272
Couple Therapy: Strategies and Techniques 273
Difficulties with Promoting Change: Difficulties Encountered during Couple Therapy Practice 273
Treatment Issues: Couple Therapy 275
Treatment Approaches for Intervention 275
Behavioral Approaches 276
Cognitive-Behavioral Couple Therapy (CBCT) Approaches 277
Integrative Behavioral Couple Therapy (IBCT) 279
Behavioral Systems Approach to Couple Problems 279
Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy (EFCT) 280
Strategic Approaches and Brief Strategic Couple Therapy (BSCT) 281
Solution-Focused Approaches and Brief Solution-Focused Therapy (BSFT) 281
Psychoanalytical Approaches 282
References 282
Chapter 16: Somatic Symptom Disorders 287
Introduction 287
Classifying and Diagnosing SSRD 288
Diagnostic Categories According to DSM-5, DSM-IV, and ICD-10 288
Somatic Symptom Disorder (SSD) 288
Illness Anxiety Disorder 290
Other SSRD 290
Critical Reflection on Changes from DSM-IV, and ICD-10 to DSM-5 291
Classifying Specific Functional Somatic Syndromes 292
Specific Cultural Syndromes of Distress 293
Empirically Supported Psychological Interventions for SSRD 293
Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) 293
Other Psychological Interventions for SSRD 299
Psychodynamic Interpersonal Therapy 299
General Practitioner (GP) and Reattribution Training 300
Empirical Evidence for Psychological Interventions in SSRD 300
Transcultural Aspects in Psychological Interventions for SSRD 302
Summary and Conclusion 302
References 303
Chapter 17: Psychotic Disorders 309
Introduction 309
Description of the Disorder 309
Symptoms 310
Diagnostic Criteria 311
Differential Diagnosis 311
Comorbid Disorders and Suicidality 312
Epidemiology, Course of the Disorder and Prognosis 312
Etiology 313
Genetic Risk Factors 313
Prenatal and Perinatal Risk Factors 313
Psychosocial Risk Factors 313
Psychological Models of Explanation: Interplay of Vulnerability, Stressors and Symptoms 314
Neurochemical Models of Explanation: Excess Dopamine 315
Integrative Models: Integrating Genes, Environment, Neurochemistry and Cognitive Schema 316
Assessment 317
Pharmacological Treatment 317
Psychological Interventions 319
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Psychosis (CBTp) 319
Empirical Evidence for CBTp in Schizophrenia 324
Family Behavioral Interventions 325
Effectiveness of Psychoeducational Behavioral Family Interventions 327
Other Psychological Approaches and their Effectiveness 327
Summary and Outlook 328
References 328
Chapter 18: Neurobiology and Pharmacological Treatment of Mental Disorders 335
Introduction 335
Mood Disorders 338
Depression 338
Bipolar Disorders 340
Psychotic Disorders 340
Anxiety Disorders 342
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) 343
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) 343
Somatic Symptom Disorders 344
Substance-Related Disorders 344
Alcohol Addiction 344
Opioid Addiction 345
Dependence on Prescription Drugs 345
Eating Disorders 345
Personality Disorders 346
Borderline Personality Disorder 346
Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) 346
Dementia 347
Sleep Disorders 347
Attention-Deficit?/?Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) 347
Summary 348
References 349
Chapter 19: Mindfulness-Based Interventions 353
Popular Mindfulness-Based Interventions 353
Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction 353
Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy 354
Application of Mindfulness in Mental Health Care 354
Psychoeducation Example 355
Meditation Practice Example 355
Inquiry Example 356
Homework Example 356
Effects of Mindfulness-based Interventions on Psychological Disorders 356
Neurodevelopmental Disorders 356
Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders 357
Bipolar and Related Disorders 358
Depressive Disorders 358
Anxiety Disorders 359
Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders 360
Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders 360
Feeding and Eating Disorders 361
Sleep-Wake Disorders 362
Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders 362
Neurocognitive Disorders 363
Discussion 364
Acknowledgments 366
References 366
Chapter 20: Internet-Based Treatments 373
Introduction 373
Are Internet Treatments Effective? 374
The “How” Question 375
A Research Agenda for the World? 376
Challenges for the Future 377
Summary 379
References 379
Chapter 21: Virtual Reality 387
Introduction 387
Virtual Reality for the Treatment of Different Psychological Disorders and Health Problems 388
Virtual Reality as an Ecological Context for Assessing Human Behavior 389
Virtual Reality as a Realistic Laboratory Setting for Psychopathology 391
Mood-Induction Procedures 391
Study of Cognitive Biases 391
Study of Psychotic Phenomena 392
Study of the Self and Embodiment Processes 393
Virual Reality Developments for the Treatment of Different Mental and Health Conditions 393
Specific Phobias 394
Social Anxiety Disorder 395
Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia 395
Generalized Anxiety Disorder 396
Stress-Related Disorders 396
Virtual Reality in the Treatment of Health Conditions 398
Future Perspectives and Ethical Implications of VR 399
Summary 400
References 400
Chapter 22: Working Alliance 409
Measurement 410
California Psychotherapy Alliance Scales (CALPAS Marmar &
Penn Helping Alliance Questionnaire (HAq Luborsky, 1976)
Vanderbilt Therapeutic Alliance Scale (VTAS Hartley &
Working Alliance Inventory (WAI) 410
Evidence for Relations with Outcome 410
Temporal Precedence 412
Impact of Alliance Rater and Time of Assessment 412
Adapting Working Alliance Based on Patient Characteristics 413
Evidence for Patient Characteristics in Alliance Research 414
Further Critique 414
Patient Matching 415
The Therapeutic Relationship is More Than the Working Alliance: The Case of Cognitive Behavior Therapy 415
Collaboration 416
Conclusion 417
References 417
Chapter 23: Culture in Clinical Psychology: Adapting Treatments 425
Why do we Need Culturally Adapted Treatments? 426
How to Adapt: Develop New Treatments or Modify what Works? 427
Evidence for Efficacy of Cultural Adaptation: What to Adapt 428
A Model of Anxiety Generation across Cultural Contexts 429
How to Culturally Adapt Treatment? 431
Key Treatment Targets 431
Psychoeducation and Treatment Engagement 432
Teaching Emotion Regulation in a Culturally Appropriate Way 434
Culturally Appropriate Exposure 435
Summary 437
References 437
Index 445
EULA 466

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 2.8.2017
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Geisteswissenschaften ► Psychologie ► Klinische Psychologie
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Gesundheitsfachberufe
• Schlagworte: adolescents, and adults • classification systems across the globe • clinical psychological research methods • Clinical psychology • clinical psychology across cultures • clinical psychology cross-cultural interventions • clinical psychology cultural differences • clinical psychology in central america • clinical psychology in china • clinical psychology in eastern europe • clinical psychology in europe • clinical psychology in north america • clinical psychology in south america • clinical psychology interventions with children in china and the far east • clinical psychology interventions with children in the near east • clinical psychology interventions within children in the america • clinical psychology intervention with children in europe • clinical psychology in the far east • clinical psychology in the middle east • clinical psychology in the uk • clinical psychology national difference • clinical psychology regional variations • clinical psychology text • culturally-informed clinical interviews and psychological assessments • diagnosing and treating common mental disorders across the globe • Klinische Psychologie • mixed-culture clinical psychology • Psychologie • Psychology
• ISBN-10: 1-118-96000-9 / 1118960009
• ISBN-13: 978-1-118-96000-4 / 9781118960004