Medicines Management for Nurses at a Glance (eBook)

Simon Young, Ben Pitcher (Autoren)

eBook Download: PDF

2015
John Wiley & Sons (Verlag)
9781118840719 (ISBN)

Infos

Medicines Management for Nurses at a Glance is the perfect companion for study and revision for pre-registration nursing and healthcare students.  Combining superb full colour illustrations with accessible and informative text, it provides an easy-to-read and supportive guide to the key pharmacological knowledge nursing students and registered nurses need to know.

Divided into three sections, the first introduces key topics within clinical pharmacology and medicines management including, numeracy, pharmacokinetics, routes of administration, and pharmacodynamics.  The second and final sections cover the management of medicines for common medical conditions, drug interactions, side effects, and safe and effective prescribing.

• Written specifically for nurses, it covers the fundamentals of pharmacology as they apply to nursing practice.
• Breaks down complex concepts in an accessible way, providing helpful overviews of all key pharmacological topics. 
• Includes practical issues relating to practice, and is written to support the Essential Skills Cluster of the NMC, and the content of the BNF.
• Includes content relevant to each of the four fields of nursing, and covers drugs for specific groups such as children, pregnant and breastfeeding women, and the elderly.

A companion website is available at www.ataglanceseries.com/nursing/medicinesmanagement featuring interactive multiple choice questions.

Simon Young, Academic Subject Manager - Medicines Management and Prescribing, Faculty of Life Science and Education, University of South Wales

Ben Pitcher, Senior Lecturer - Medicines Management and Prescribing, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales

Inhalt

Medicines Management for Nurses at a Glance 3
Contents 7
Preface 9
About the companion website 11
Part 1 Introduction to pharmacology and medicines management 13
1 Why is managing medicines important in nursing? 14
Medicines management and nursing 15
Defining medicines management 15
2 Keeping up to date with medicines management 16
Continuing professional development 17
Limitations of this book 17
Medicines administration 17
What does the Nursing and Midwifery Council say? 17
Where to learn? 17
The evolving evidence base 17
Post-registration educational practice 17
3 What is a medicine? 18
How are medicines developed and monitored? 19
4 Medicines nomenclature: what’s in a name? 20
Endings 21
5 Numeracy and medicines management 22
Symbols 23
Illustrative biological unit standards for medicinal products 23
6 Clinical pharmacokinetics I 24
Absorption 25
Distribution 25
Barriers to distribution 25
Protein binding 25
7 Clinical pharmacokinetics II 26
Metabolism 27
Phase I 27
Phase II 27
Excretion 27
Renal excretion 27
Enterohepatic recycling 27
8 Routes of administration I 28
Oral 28
Advantages 28
Disadvantages 28
Intravenous 29
Advantages 29
Disadvantages 29
Intramuscular 29
Advantages 29
Disadvantages 29
Subcutaneous 29
Advantages 29
Disadvantages 29
9 Routes of administration II 30
Inhaled 30
Advantages 31
Disadvantages 31
Topical 31
Advantages 31
Disadvantages 31
Transdermal 31
Advantages 31
Disadvantages 31
Sublingual 31
Advantages 31
Disadvantages 31
Rectal 31
Advantages 31
Disadvantages 31
10 Pharmacodynamics I 32
What is pharmacodynamics? 33
Why do chemicals have such varied but specific effects on the body? 33
Receptors 33
Second messenger systems 33
Ion channels 33
11 Pharmacodynamics II 34
Agonists and antagonists 35
Receptor specificity 35
Enzymes 35
Part 2 Managing medicines 37
12 Dyspepsia 38
Dyspepsia 38
Medication 38
Antacids 38
Common examples 38
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 38
Notable contra-indications/cautions and warnings 39
Side effects/adverse drug reactions (ADRs) 39
Histamine (H2) antagonists 39
Common examples 39
Pharmacokinetics 39
Pharmacodynamics 39
Side effects/ADRs 39
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) 39
Common examples 39
Pharmacokinetics 39
Pharmacodynamics 39
Notable contra-indications/cautions and warnings 39
Side effects/ADRs 39
13 Acute diarrhoea and constipation 40
Acute diarrhoea 41
Rehydration 41
Antimotility agents 41
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 41
Notable contra-indications/cautions and warnings 41
Side effects 41
Constipation 41
Medication 41
Bulk-forming laxatives 41
Osmotic laxatives 41
Stimulant laxatives 41
Faecal softeners 41
14 Chronic bowel disease 42
Medications 42
Aminosalicylates 42
Posology, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 42
Notable contra-indications/cautions and warnings 42
Side effects and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) 42
Corticosteroids 43
Posology, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 43
Notable contra-indications/cautions and warnings 43
Side effects/ADRs 43
Immunoregulating agents 43
Posology and use in practice 43
Activity 43
15 Nausea and vomiting 44
Medications 44
Metoclopramide 44
Posology, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 44
Notable contra-indications/cautions and warnings 44
Side effects/adverse drug reactions (ADRs) 45
Antihistamines 45
Posology, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 45
Notable contra-indications/cautions and warnings 45
Side effects/ADRs 45
5-HT3 receptor antagonists 45
Posology, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 45
Notable contra-indications/cautions and warnings 45
Side effects/ADRs 45
16 Anti-anginals 46
Indications 46
Nitrates 46
Common examples 46
Pharmacodynamics 46
Pharmacokinetics 47
Glyceryl tri-nitrate (GTN) 47
Isosorbide mononitrates 47
Isosorbide dinitrate 47
Notable contraindications/cautions and warnings 47
Side effects/adverse drug reactions (ADRs) 47
Calcium channel blockers 47
Pharmacodynamics 47
Pharmacokinetics 47
Notable contra-indications/cautions and warnings 47
Side effects/ADRs 47
17 Anti-arrhythmics 48
Digoxin 49
Indications 49
Pharmacodynamics 49
Pharmacokinetics 49
Notable contra-indications/cautions and warnings 49
Side effects/adverse drug reactions (ADRs) 49
Amiodarone 49
Indications 49
Pharmacodynamics 49
Pharmacokinetics 49
Side effects/ADRs 49
Other anti-arrhythmic drugs 49
Beta-blockers 49
18 Heart failure 50
Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors 51
Common examples 51
Indications 51
Pharmacodynamics 51
Pharmacokinetics 51
Notable contra-indications/cautions and warnings 51
Side effects/adverse drug reactions (ADRs) 51
Angiotensin-II receptor antagonists 51
Common examples 51
Pharmacodynamics 51
Side effects/ADRs 51
Other drugs used in heart failure 51
19 Hypertension 52
Drugs used to treat hypertension 53
Beta-blockers 53
Common examples 53
Pharmacodynamics 53
Notable contraindications/cautions and warnings 53
Side effects/adverse drug reactions (ADRs) 53
Calcium channel blockers 53
Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBS) 53
Diuretics 53
Other drugs used in hypertension 53
20 Diuretics 54
Pharmacodynamics 55
Thiazides (e.g. bendroflumethiazide) 55
Loop diuretics (e.g. furosemide) 55
Potassium-sparing diuretics (e.g. amiloride) 55
Aldosterone antagonists (e.g. spironolactone) 55
Osmotic diuretics (e.g. mannitol) 55
Side effects/adverse drug reactions (ADRs) 55
Other diuretics 55
21 Respiratory conditions I 56
Bronchodilators 56
Adrenoceptor agonists 56
Common examples 56
Pharmacodynamics 56
Pharmacokinetics 56
Side effects/adverse drug reactions (ADRs) 56
Antimuscarinic bronchodilators 56
Common example 56
Pharmacodynamics 57
Pharmacokinetics 57
Theophylline and aminophylline 57
Pharmacodynamics 57
Pharmacokinetics 57
Side effects/ADRs 57
Inhaled corticosteroids 57
Indications 57
Pharmacodynamics 57
Side effects/ADRs 57
Leukotriene receptor antagonists 57
Common example 57
Indications 57
Pharmacodynamics 57
Pharmacokinetics 57
Side effects/ADRs 57
22 Respiratory conditions II 58
Decongestants 58
Indications 58
Pharmacodynamics 58
Pharmacokinetics 58
Side effects/adverse drug reactions (ADRs) 58
Mucolytics 59
Indications 59
Pharmacodynamics 59
Pharmacokinetics 59
Antihistamines 59
Common examples 59
Pharmacodynamics 59
Pharmacokinetics and side effects 59
Oxygen 59
Pharmacokinetics 59
Side effects/ADRs 59
23 Opioid analgesics 60
Opioid analgesics 61
Indications 61
Pharmacodynamics 61
Side effects/adverse drug reactions (ADRs) 61
Commonly used opioid analgesics 61
Strong opioids 61
Weak opioids 61
24 Anxiolytics and hypnotics 62
Benzodiazepines 62
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 62
Notable contra-indications/cautions and warnings 62
Side effects/adverse drug reactions (ADRs) 62
Buspirone 63
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 63
Notable contra-indications/cautions and warnings 63
Side effects/ADRs 63
Antidepressants and beta-blockers 63
Hypnotics – the ‘Z’ drugs (Zaleplon, Zopiclone and Zolpidem) 63
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 63
Notable contra-indications/cautions and warnings 63
Side effects/ADRs 63
25 Antipsychotics 64
First- and second-generation antipsychotics 65
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 65
Notable contra-indications/cautions and warnings 65
Monitoring 65
26 Depression 66
SSRIs 67
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 67
Notable contra-indications/cautions and warnings 67
Side effects/adverse drug reactions (ADRs) 67
Tricyclic and related antidepressants 67
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 67
Notable contra-indications/cautions and warnings 67
Side effects/ADRs 67
Other antidepressants 67
27 Epilepsy 68
Anti-epileptic medication 69
Valproate 69
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 69
Notable contra-indications/cautions and warnings 69
Side effects/adverse drug reactions (ADRs) 69
Carbamazepine 69
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 69
Notable contra-indications/cautions and warnings/side effects/ADRs 69
General advice 69
28 Alcohol: detoxification 70
Medication that aids in the detoxification process 71
Posology, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 71
Side effects/adverse drug reactions (ADRs) 71
Thiamine and B vitamins 71
Posology, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 71
Notable contraindications/cautions and warnings/side effects/ADRs 71
Practice notes 71
29 Alcohol: maintaining abstinence 72
Acamprosate 73
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 73
Notable contra-indications/cautions and warnings 73
Side effects/adverse drug reactions (ADRs) 73
Disulfiram 73
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 73
Notable contra-indications/cautions and warnings/side effects/ADRs 73
Naltrexone 73
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 73
Notable contra-indications/cautions and warnings 73
Side effects/ADRs 73
Practice notes 73
30 Smoking cessation 74
Pharmacodynamics 75
Potential harm 75
Pharmacokinetics 75
Nicotine gum/pastilles/lozenges 75
Nicotine patches 75
Nasal spray 75
Inhalators 75
Vaporators/e-cigarettes 75
31 Fighting infection 76
Bacteria 77
Viruses 77
Fungi 77
Other organisms 77
32 Antibiotics 78
Penicillins 79
Common examples 79
Indications 79
Pharmacodynamics 79
Pharmacokinetics 79
Side effects/adverse drug reactions (ADRs) 79
Cephalosporins 79
Common examples 79
Other beta-lactam antibiotics 79
Beta-lactamases and inhibitors 79
Tetracyclines 79
Common example 79
Macrolides 79
Common examples 79
Aminoglycosides 79
Common examples 79
Metronidazole 79
33 Diabetes: insulin 80
Insulins 81
Indications 81
Pharmacodynamics 81
Pharmacokinetics 81
Side effects/adverse drug reactions (ADRs) 81
34 Diabetes: antiglycaemics 82
Biguanides 82
Indications 82
Pharmacodynamics 82
Pharmacokinetics 83
Side effects/adverse drug reactions (ADRs) 83
Notable contra-indications/cautions and warnings 83
Clinical pointer 83
Sulfonylureas 83
Indications 83
Pharmacodynamics 83
Pharmacokinetics 83
Side effects/ADRs 83
‘Other’ antidiabetics 83
Acarbose 83
Nateglinide and repaglinide 83
Incretin mimetics 83
DPP-4 inhibitors 83
Pioglitazone (Actos®) 83
35 Thyroid conditions 84
Hypothyroidism 85
Levothyroxine and levothyronine. Indications 85
Pharmacodynamics 85
Pharmacokinetics 85
Side effects/adverse drug reactions (ADRs) 85
Antithyroid drugs 85
Carbimazole 85
Propylthiouracil 85
36 Oral contraception 86
Hormonal contraception 87
Medications 87
Logynon® 87
Progestogen-only contraceptives 87
37 Anticoagulants 88
Anticoagulants and the clotting cascade 89
Coumarins 89
Heparin 89
38 Antiplatelet drugs 90
Aspirin 91
Indications 91
Pharmacodynamics 91
Pharmacokinetics 91
Side effects/adverse drug reactions (ADRs) 91
Clopidogrel (Plavix®) 91
Indications 91
Pharmacodynamics 91
Pharmacokinetics 91
Dipyridamole 91
Indications 91
Pharmacodynamics 91
Pharmacokinetics 91
Other antiplatelets and anticoagulants 91
Fondaparinux 91
Dabigatran 91
Fibrinolytic drugs 91
39 Musculoskeletal disorders 92
Gout 93
Allopurinol 93
Indications 93
Pharmacodynamics 93
Pharmacokinetics 93
Side effects/adverse drug reactions (ADRs) 93
Colchicine 93
Indications 93
Pharmacodynamics 93
Pharmacokinetics 93
Notable contra-indications/cautions and warnings 93
Side effects/ADRs 93
40 Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and non-opioid analgesics 94
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 95
Indications 95
Pharmacodynamics 95
Pharmacokinetics 95
Side effects/adverse drug reactions (ADRs) 95
Details of common NSAIDs 95
Non-opioid analgesics 95
Indications 95
Pharmacodynamics 95
Pharmacokinetics 95
Notable contra-indications/cautions and warnings 95
41 Topical agents and emollients 96
Fingertip units 97
Emollients 97
Application 97
Keeping it clean 97
Added ingredients 97
Washing products 97
42 Topical steroids 98
Commonly used steroid creams 98
Pharmacodynamics 98
Pharmacokinetics 98
Side effects/adverse drug reactions (ADRs) 98
Topical steroids combined with antimicrobial agents 99
Treatments for psoriasis 99
Part 3 Safe and effective medicines management 101
43 Medicines management in pregnancy and breastfeeding 102
General principles to using medicines in pregnancy 103
General approaches to using medicines during breastfeeding 103
44 Medicines management in children 104
Key medicines management issues for children 105
Dosing in children 105
Other considerations 105
45 Medicines management in elderly people 106
National Service Frameworks 107
Key medicines management issues for elderly patients 107
Polypharmacy and multiple chronic illnesses 107
Ageing 107
Adherence 107
46 Medicines management in people with hepatic and renal impairment 108
Managing medicines in hepatic impairment 109
Managing medicines in renal impairment 109
Examples of when drug and renal function are considered 109
Digoxin 109
Gentamicin 109
Lithium 109
47 Drug interactions 110
Why are drug interactions important? 111
Classification of drug interactions 111
Underlying factors 111
48 Adverse drug reactions 112
Why are adverse drug reactions important? 113
Classification of adverse drug reactions 113
The features of Type A reactions 113
The features of Type B reactions 113
Predisposing factors 113
49 Pharmacovigilance 114
What is pharmacovigilance? Why is it important? 115
What methods are used to monitor the safety of medicines on the market? 115
Possible actions to be taken 115
50 Classification of medicines 116
Classification of medicines in the UK 117
Controlled drugs 117
Index 119
EULA 122

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 9.12.2015
• Reihe/Serie: At a Glance (Nursing and Healthcare)
• Reihe/Serie: Wiley Series on Cognitive Dynamic Systems
• Reihe/Serie: Wiley Series on Cognitive Dynamic Systems
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Pflege ► Ausbildung / Prüfung
• Schlagworte: Einführungen in die Krankenpflege • Einführungen in die Krankenpflege • General Clinical Nursing • Introductions to Nursing • Klinische Krankenpflege • Krankenpflege • Medical Science • Medizin • nursing • Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical Medicine • Pharmakologie u. Pharmazeutische Medizin • pre-registration, nursing, medicine, medication, pharmacological, numeracy, pharmacokinetics, fadministration, pharmacodynamics, BNF, NMC, drugs
• ISBN-13: 9781118840719 / 9781118840719