Medical-Surgical Nursing at a Glance (eBook)

Ian Peate (Autor)

eBook Download: PDF

2015
John Wiley & Sons (Verlag)
978-1-118-90277-6 (ISBN)

Infos

Medical-Surgical Nursing at a Glance is the perfect companion for study and revision for nursing and healthcare students from the publishers of the market-leading at a Glance series.  This easy-to-read, accessible guide brings together all the key principles of caring for patients with medical and surgical needs.  Highly visual, each topic is covered in one two-page spread, making it easy to quickly read up on key information and grasp the essentials of the key aspects of caring for the adult patient.

• A clear and accessible foundation of the need to know aspects of medicine and surgery for nurses
• Takes a systems approach exploring nursing care of key medical and surgical conditions and disorders 
• Covers assessment, nutrition, pain, infection control
• Supported by a companion website with over 300 interactive multiple choice questions
• Provides need-to-know information in a quick-reference format
• Written from a UK perspective, with application to clinical practice
• A companion website is available at www.ataglanceseries.com/nursing/medsurg featuring interactive multiple choice questions

Medical-Surgical Nursing at a Glance is ideal for nursing students looking for a clear and visual summary of care of the adult patient.

Ian Peate is Professor of Nursing and Head of School, School of Health Studies, Gibraltar.

Inhalt

Medical-Surgical Nursing at a Glance 3
Contents 7
Preface 11
Acknowledgements 12
About the companion website 13
Part 1 Nursing practice 15
1 What is Nursing? 16
Defining nursing 17
The function of the nurse 17
Care giver 17
Communicator 17
Advocate 17
Teacher/health promoter 17
Change agent 17
Leader and manager 17
Researcher 17
The changing role of the nurse 17
2 The 6 Cs 18
Compassion in practice 19
The 6 Cs 19
Care 19
Compassion 19
Competence 19
Communication 19
Courage 19
Commitment 19
Areas of action 19
3 Accountability and Responsibility 20
Statutory regulation 21
Nursing and Midwifery Council 21
The Code of Professional Conduct 21
Accountability 21
4 Risk and Safety 22
Resources 23
Risk assessment tools 23
Early warning systems 23
Surgical safety checklist 23
5 Patient-Centred Care 24
Patient-centredness 25
Partnership working 25
Fundamental needs 25
People first 25
Working with others 25
6 Team Working 26
Principles underpinning team work 27
Characteristics of teams 27
Team values 27
Honesty 27
Discipline 27
Creativity 27
Humility 27
Curiosity 27
Barriers to effective team working 27
Conflict 27
Part 2 General care 29
7 Health Assessment 30
Health 31
Assessing needs 31
Health history 31
A systematic approach to care: the nursing process 31
Assessment 31
Nursing diagnosis 31
Planning 31
Implementation 31
Evaluation 31
8 Intravenous Therapy 32
Vascular access devices 33
The principles of care 33
Potential complications 33
Care issues 33
Fluid balance 33
9 Blood Transfusion 34
The blood 35
Blood types 35
Alternatives to blood transfusion 35
Autologous blood 35
Need for transfusion 35
Transfusion safety 35
Fluid overload 35
Reducing transfusion errors 35
10 Nutrition 36
The role of the nurse 37
Malnutrition 37
Assessment 37
Assessment tools 37
Nutrients 37
The eatwell plate 37
11 Pain 38
Pain receptors 39
Factors influencing pain 39
Types of pain 39
Acute pain 39
Chronic pain 39
Location of pain 39
Assessment of pain 39
Pain scales 39
Pain management 39
Pharmacological interventions 39
Non-pharmacological interventions 39
12 Infection Prevention and Control: I 40
Healthcare-associated infections 41
Hand hygiene 41
Transmission of infection 41
13 Infection Prevention and Control: II 42
Modes of transmission 43
Methods of reducing the spread of infection 43
Standard Precautions 43
Transmission-based precautions 43
Personal protective equipment 43
Sharps 43
Waste disposal 43
Spillage 43
Asepsis and aseptic technique 43
Indwelling devices 43
Part 3 Medical nursing 45
14 HIV 46
Human immunodeficiency virus 47
HIV risk factors 47
Signs and symptoms of HIV 47
Early stage 47
Late stage 47
HIV testing 47
Treatment 47
Postexposure prophylaxis 47
HIV prevention 47
Pre-exposure prophylaxis 47
15 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 48
Systemic lupus erythematosus 49
Risk factors 49
Signs and symptoms 49
Investigations and diagnosis 49
Management and care 49
16 Irritable Bowel Syndrome 50
Signs and symptoms 51
Investigations and diagnosis 51
Care and management 51
Pharmacological and psychological interventions 51
17 Asthma 52
Causes of asthma 53
Signs and symptoms of acute asthma 53
Investigations and diagnosis 53
Care and management 53
Aftercare 53
18 Pulmonary Embolism 54
Causes of pulmonary embolism 55
Signs and symptoms of pulmonary embolism 55
Investigations and diagnosis 55
Care and management 55
19 Pneumonia 56
Signs and symptoms 57
Investigations and diagnosis 57
Care and management 57
Prevention 57
20 Iron Deficiency Anaemia 58
Iron deficiency anaemia 59
Signs and symptoms 59
Investigations and diagnosis 59
Care and management 59
21 Thrombocytopenia 60
Thrombocytopenia 61
Causes of thrombocytopenia 61
Signs and symptoms 61
Investigations and diagnosis 61
Care and management 61
22 Leukaemia 62
Leukaemia 63
Risk factors for leukaemia 63
Signs and symptoms 63
Investigations and diagnosis 63
Care and management 63
23 Myocardial Infarction 64
Myocardial infarction 65
Signs and symptoms 65
Investigations and diagnosis 65
Care and management 65
24 Heart Failure 66
Heart failure 67
Causes of heart failure 67
Signs and symptoms 67
Investigations and diagnosis 67
Care and management 67
25 Angina 68
Signs and symptoms 69
Investigations and diagnosis 69
Care and management 69
Health promotion 69
26 Meningitis 70
Meningococcal disease 71
Bacterial meningitis 71
Viral meningitis 71
Investigations and diagnosis 71
27 Subarachnoid Haemorrhage 72
Subarachnoid haemorrhage 73
Risk factors associated with subarachnoid haemorrhage 73
Signs and symptoms 73
Investigations and diagnosis 73
Care and management 73
28 Epilepsy 74
Epilepsy 75
Signs and symptoms 75
Classification of epilepsy 75
Focal or partial seizures 75
Generalised seizures 75
Status epilepticus 75
Non-epileptic seizures 75
Investigations and diagnosis 75
Treatment and care 75
29 Gastro-oesophageal Reflux Disease 76
Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease 77
Signs and symptoms 77
Investigations and diagnosis 77
Treatment and care 77
Referral for endoscopy 77
Lifestyle 77
30 Diverticular Disease 78
Diverticulosis 79
Diverticular bleeding 79
Diverticulitis 79
Risk factors associated with diverticular disease 79
Signs and symptoms 79
Investigations and diagnosis 79
Care and management 79
31 Constipation 80
Constipation 81
Signs and symptoms 81
Investigations and diagnosis 81
Care and treatment 81
Promoting health 81
32 Osteoporosis 82
Osteoporosis 83
Risk features for osteoporosis 83
Signs and symptoms 83
Investigations and diagnosis 83
Care and treatment 83
33 Gout 84
Classification and risk factors 85
Signs and symptoms 85
Investigations and diagnosis 85
Care and treatment 85
34 Rheumatoid Arthritis 86
Rheumatoid arthritis 87
Signs and symptoms 87
Investigations and diagnosis 87
Care and treatment 87
35 Diabetes Mellitus 88
Type 1 diabetes mellitus 89
Type 2 diabetes mellitus 89
Signs and symptoms 89
Investigations and diagnosis 89
Treatment and care 89
36 Thyrotoxicosis 90
Thyroid gland 91
Risk factors 91
Signs and symptoms 91
Investigations and diagnosis 91
Care and treatment 91
Medications 91
Radioactive iodine 91
Surgery 91
37 Erectile Dysfunction 92
Erectile dysfunction 93
Erection 93
Risk factors and causes of erectile dysfunction 93
Signs and symptoms 93
Investigations and diagnosis 93
Care and treatment 93
38 Chlamydia 94
Chlamydia 95
Risk factors 95
Signs and symptoms 95
Investigations and diagnosis 95
Care and treatment 95
39 Dysmenorrhoea 96
Dysmenorrhoea 97
Classification 97
Primary dysmenorrhoea 97
Secondary dysmenorrhoea 97
Risk factors 97
Signs and symptoms 97
Investigations and diagnosis 97
Care and treatment 97
40 Eczema 98
Causes of atopic eczema 99
Impact of eczema 99
Signs and symptoms 99
Investigations and diagnosis 99
Care and treatment 99
41 Psoriasis 100
Psoriasis 101
Risk factors 101
Signs and symptoms 101
Investigations and diagnosis 101
Care and treatment 101
42 Skin Cancer 102
Malignant melanoma 103
Risk factors 103
Signs and symptoms 103
Investigations and diagnosis 103
Care and treatment 103
43 Lung Cancer 104
Lung cancers 105
Signs and symptoms 105
Investigations and diagnosis 105
Care and treatment 105
44 Cervical Cancer 106
Vaccination 107
Risk factors 107
Grading/staging cervical cancer 107
Signs and symptoms 107
Investigations and diagnosis 107
Care and treatment 107
45 Prostate Cancer 108
Epidemiology 109
Risk factors 109
Signs and symptoms 109
Investigations and diagnosis 109
Staging 109
Care and treatment 109
46 Glaucoma 110
Sight 111
Glaucoma 111
Signs and symptoms 111
Symptoms of open-angle glaucoma 111
Symptoms of closed-angle glaucoma 111
Investigations and diagnosis 111
Care and treatment 111
47 Conjunctivitis 112
The conjunctiva 113
Conjunctivitis 113
Signs and symptoms 113
Investigations and diagnosis 113
Care and treatment 113
48 Age-Related Macular Degeneration 114
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) 115
Classification 115
Dry AMD 115
Wet AMD 115
Signs and symptoms 115
Investigations and diagnosis 115
Care and treatment 115
Part 4 Surgical nursing 117
49 Preoperative Care 118
Preoperative care 119
Anxiety 119
Information giving 119
Preoperative teaching 119
Preparing for surgery 119
Checklists 119
50 Perioperative Care 120
Preoperative visiting 121
Perioperative care planning 121
Preoperative checks 121
The perioperative environment 121
The anaesthetic room 121
Intraoperative care 121
51 Postoperative Care 122
Postoperative care 123
Immediate postoperative care 123
National Early Warning Score 123
52 Thoracotomy 124
Surgery of the lung 125
Lung biopsy 125
Wedge resection 125
Metastasectomy 125
Segmentectomy 125
Lobectomy 125
Sleeve resection 125
Pneumonectomy 125
Video-assisted thoracoscopy (VATS) 125
Sternotomy 125
Risk factors 125
Preoperative care 125
Postoperative care 125
53 Chest Drain 126
The pleural space 127
Ventilation 127
Chest tube (Figure 53.2) 127
Underwater seal drainage 127
Care and management 127
Removal of the chest drain 127
Aftercare 127
54 Stem Cell Transplantation 128
Stem cells 129
Autologous and allogeneic transplantation 129
Bone marrow transplantation 129
Stem cell transplant 129
Care and management 129
55 Splenectomy 130
The spleen 131
Splenectomy 131
Incision 131
Care and management 131
56 Coronary Artery Bypass Graft 132
Preoperative care 133
Postoperative care 133
Discharge 133
57 Cardiac Valve Surgery 134
Valvular heart disease 135
Causes of valvular heart disease 135
Treatment options 135
Surgical approaches 135
Postoperative care 135
Anticoagulants 135
58 Varicose Veins 136
Risk factors 137
Signs and symptoms 137
Investigations and diagnosis 137
Care and treatment 137
59 Craniotomy 138
Indications 139
Preoperative preparation 139
Potential postoperative complications 139
Postoperative nursing care 139
60 Neurosurgical Clipping 140
Aneurysm 141
Signs and symptoms 141
Causes 141
Diagnosis 141
Types of aneurysm 141
Treatment 141
Postoperative care and recovery 141
61 Appendicectomy 142
The appendix 143
Appendicitis 143
Signs and symptoms 143
Investigations and diagnosis 143
Care and treatment 143
Postoperative care 143
62 Right-sided Hemicolectomy 144
The large bowel 145
Colonic surgery 145
Preoperative care 145
Postoperative care 145
Potential postoperative complications 145
63 Bariatric Surgery 146
Types of surgery 147
Adjustable gastric banding 147
Gastric bypass (Roux-en-Y) 147
Sleeve gastrectomy 147
Biliopancreatic diversion 147
Potential complications 147
Recommendations 147
64 Arthroscopy 148
The meniscus and cruciate ligaments 149
Meniscal injury of the knee 149
Making a diagnosis 149
Conservative management 149
Knee arthroscopy 149
Recovery and discharge 149
65 Lower Limb Amputation 150
Types of amputation 151
Amputation 151
Preoperative care 151
Postoperative care 151
66 Laminectomy 152
Back surgery 153
Lumbar laminectomy 153
Risks and complications 153
Preoperative care 153
Postoperative care 153
67 Pituitary Surgery 154
Pituitary gland 155
Pituitary surgery 155
Transsphenoidal hypophysectomy 155
Preoperative preparation 155
Postoperative care 155
Discharge and follow-up 155
68 Thyroidectomy 156
Disorders of the thyroid gland 157
Hyperthyroidism 157
Types of thyroid operations 157
Preoperative care 157
Potential postoperative complications 157
Postoperative care 157
Discharge and follow-up 157
69 Orchidectomy 158
Types of orchidectomy 159
Simple orchiectomy 159
Subcapsular orchidectomy 159
Inguinal orchidectomy 159
Preoperative care 159
Postoperative care 159
Discharge and follow-up 159
70 Vasectomy 160
Types of vasectomy 161
Conventional vasectomy 161
No-scalpel vasectomy 161
Risks 161
Preoperative care 161
Postoperative care 161
Postvasectomy semen analysis 161
71 Dilation and curettage 162
Dilation and curettage 163
Potential risks associated with D& C
Preoperative care 163
Postoperative care 163
72 Cone Biopsy 164
Cone biopsy 165
Potential risks associated with cone biopsy 165
Preoperative care 165
Postoperative care 165
Discharge advice 165
73 Burns 166
Types of burn 167
Classification of burns 167
Nursing care 167
74 Skin Grafts 168
Skin flaps 169
Flap classification 169
Blood supply 169
Tissue to be transferred 169
Location of donor site 169
Performing flap surgery 169
Postoperative care and discharge 169
75 Cosmetic and Plastic Surgery 170
Cosmetic surgery 171
Plastic surgery 171
Abdominoplasty 171
Full abdominoplasty 171
Mini abdominoplasty 171
Preoperative care 171
Postoperative care 171
76 Cataract 172
Treatment for cataract 173
Types of surgery 173
Phacoemulsification (small-incision surgery) 173
Standard extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) 173
Preoperative care 173
Postoperative care 173
77 Mastoidectomy 174
The mastoid 175
Indications for mastoidectomy 175
Preoperative care 175
Postoperative care 175
Potential complications following surgery 175
Facial nerve injury 175
Hearing loss 175
Vertigo 175
Change in taste 175
Vascular injury 175
Dural damage 175
Appendix 1: Normal Values 177
Appendix 2: Glossary of Terms 179
Further Reading 181
Index 182
EULA 187

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 23.11.2015
• Reihe/Serie: At a Glance (Nursing and Healthcare)
• Reihe/Serie: Wiley Series on Cognitive Dynamic Systems
• Reihe/Serie: Wiley Series on Cognitive Dynamic Systems
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Pflege ► Fachpflege ► Chirurgie / OP-Pflege / Orthopädie
• Schlagworte: Einführungen in die Krankenpflege • Einführungen in die Krankenpflege • General Clinical Nursing • Introductions to Nursing • Klinische Krankenpflege • Krankenpflege • medical-surgical nursing, nursing, anatomy, physiology, pathophysiology, medicine, surgical, patient safety, ethical issues, patient centred care • nursing
• ISBN-10: 1-118-90277-7 / 1118902777
• ISBN-13: 978-1-118-90277-6 / 9781118902776