Antigen-Antibody Reactions In Vivo (eBook)

Methods in Immunology and Immunochemistry, Vol. 5

Merrill W. Chase, Curtis A. Williams (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2014 | 1. Auflage
586 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-1-4832-2060-4 (ISBN)

Infos

Methods in Immunology and Immunochemistry, Volume V: Antigen-Antibody Reactions In Vivo deals primarily with immune phenomena in tissues or in cell preparations. This book covers a variety of topics, including anaphylaxis, tolerance, immune suppression with chemical agents, radiation effects, antibody synthesis in vitro, immunological methods, and applied electron microscopy. Organized into 10 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of systemic anaphylaxis investigations in other more resistant species. This text then presents the analysis of mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of the Arthus phenomenon, which shed light on the understanding of other lesions of hypersensitivity. Other chapters consider the effects of antigen-antibody interaction on connective tissue. This book discusses as well the degree and duration of acquired tolerance. The final chapter deals with the application of electron microscopy in the elucidation of the mechanisms of immune reactions. This book is a valuable resource for immunologists, students, and research workers.

Inhalt

Front Cover 1
Antigen-Antibody Reactions in 
4 
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 6
Contributors to Volume V 18
Preface 22
Contents of Other Volumes 24
CHAPTER 19. Anaphylaxis 28
A. Systemic Anaphylaxis 28
1. INTRODUCTION 28
2. ACTIVE ANAPHYLAXIS 31
3. PASSIVE ANAPHYLAXIS 38
B. Local Anaphylaxis 43
1. PASSIVE CUTANEOUS ANAPHYLAXIS 43
2. SEMIQUANTITATIVE PASSIVE CUTANEOUS 
49 
3. SKIN FIXATION OF REAGINS (PRAUSNITZ-KUSTNERTESTING) 54
4. PASSIVE TRANSFER OF HUMAN REAGINIC 
58 
C Anaphylaxis in Isolated Tissues and Cells 69
1. ANAPHYLAXIS IN ISOLATED TISSUES 69
2. ANAPHYLACTIC RESPONSES WITH ISOLATED 
128 
3. ANAPHYLACTIC RELEASE OF HISTAMINE FROM RAT MAST CELLS 135
4. RESPONSES OF ISOLATED LEUKOCYTES AND 
141 
D. Assay of Pharmacologically Active Materials 153
1. ASSAY OF HISTAMINE 153
2. ASSAY OF SEROTONIN 166
3. THE BIOLOGICAL ASSAY OF SLOW REACTING 
172 
4. IMMUNOASSAYS FOR BRADYKININ AND KININOGEN 176
CHAPTER 20. The Arthus and Related Reactions 186
A. Cutaneous Arthus Reactions 186
1. ACTIVE, DIRECT PASSIVE, AND REVERSED PASSIVE 
186 
2. LOCAL PASSIVE AND SOLUBLE COMPLEX 
191 
3. TISSUES EMPLOYED TO STUDY ARTHUS REACTIONS 191
4. REQUIREMENT OF THE ANTIBODY IN ELICITING 
193 
B. Methods of Modifying Arthus Reactions 194
1. ELIMINATION OF POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES 
194 
2. DEPLETION OF HEMOLYTIC COMPLEMENT 196
1. SERUM SICKNESS ARTERITIS 200
2. ACUTE NEPHROTOXIC NEPHRITIS 201
3. CUTANEOUS REACTION TO ANTIBODY TO 
202 
CHAPTER 21. Analysis of Antigen–Antibody Reactions in Cornea 204
CHAPTER 22. Immunological Tolerance 212
A. Introduction 212
B. Tolerance to Heterologous Serum Proteins and RelatedSubstances 215
1. INDUCTION IN NEONATAL ANIMALS 215
2. INDUCTION IN NORMAL ADULT ANIMALS 228
3. INDUCTION IN IRRADIATED ADULT ANIMALS 237
C. Tolerance to Homologous and Heterologous Erythrocytes 240
1. CHICKENS 240
2. RATS 241
3. MICE 242
D. Induction of Tolerance to Chemical Haptens 242
1. INTRODUCTION 242
2. PROCEDURE 244
E. Induction of Tolerance in Vitro 248
1. LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE 248
2. POLYMERIZED FLAGELLIN 248
3. HAPTENS 249
CHAPTER 23. Immune Suppression and Induction of Tolerance with Chemical Agents 252
A. Introduction 252
B. Biochemical and Pharmacological Properties 253
1. 6-MERCAPTOPURINE 253
2. CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE 255
3. 5-FLUORO-2-DEOXYURIDINE (FUDR) 255
4. METHOTREXATE 256
5. ACTTNOMYCIN D 257
C. Immunosuppressive Properties 257
1. 6-MERCAPTOPURINE 257
2. CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE 260
3. METHOTREXATE 262
4. 5-FLUORO-2-DEOXYURIDINE (FUDR) 263
5. ACTINOMYCIN D 264
CHAPTER 24. Methods and Applications of Radiation in Immunological Research 266
A. Radiation Measurements 267
1. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE X-RAY BEAM 267
2. DOSIMETRY 268
3. ELECTRONIC EQUILIBRIUM 271
B. Representative Effects of Radiation in Immunological Research 273
1. IN VITRO RADIATION 274
2. TOTAL BODY RADIATION 274
3. LOW LEVEL PROTRACTED SEMICONTINUOUS RADIATION 281
4. PARTIAL BODY RADIATION: SELECTIVE SHIELDING 282
C. Concluding Remarks 285
CHAPTER 25. Phagocytosis 288
A. Phagocytosis 288
1. PHAGOCYTIC CELLS—HARVESTING AND PREPARATION 289
2. SUSPENDING MEDIUM AND CELL QUANTITATION 297
3. DIRECT EVALUATION OF INGESTION 300
4. EVALUATION OF PHAGOCYTOSIS BY MEASUREMENT OF 
315 
B. Clearance 319
1. BLOOD STREAM CLEARANCE OF CARBON 321
2. CLEARANCE FROM SEROUS CAVITIES 322
C. Elimination of 5 1 Cr-Labeled Erythrocytes 323
1. INTRODUCTION 323
2. LABELING AND SAMPLING METHODS 325
3. ELIMINATION RATES 326
4. SENSITIVITY 328
CHAPTER 26. Antibody Synthesis in Vitro 330
A. Tissue Culture Methods for Antibody Production in V/fro 330
1. INTRODUCTION 330
2. LYMPH NODE CULTURE TECHNIQUE 330
3. SPLEEN CELL CULTURE FOR PRIMARY RESPONSE 
332 
4. MEASUREMENT OF ANTIBODY FORMATION 334
5. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 335
B. Feeder Cell Techniques for Antibody Formation in V/fro 336
1. LARGER PARABIOTIC CHAMBER USED FOR HELA CELL 
337 
2. SMALLER PARABIOTIC CHAMBER USED FOR RABBIT 
340 
C. Single-Cell Techniques in Antibody Productio 341
1. INTRODUCTION 341
2. THE MODIFIED DE FONBRUNE MICROMANIPULATION 
342 
3. HANDLING OF MAMMALIAN CELLS 345
4. DETECTION OF ANTIBODY-FORMING CELLS 351
5. MORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES 357
6. COMBINATION OF MICROMANIPULATION AND 
357 
7. CHROMOSOMAL ANALYSIS 358
8. MICRORADIOCHEMICAL METHODS 360
D. Plaque Techniques for Recognizing Individual 
362 
1. THE STANDARD TECHNIQUE 364
2. INDIRECT TECHNIQUES 370
3. THE THIN-LAYER TECHNIQUE 374
4. MODIFIED TECHNIQUES 377
5. ANTIGENS OTHER THAN RED CELLS 384
6. PLATING ERROR AND EFFICIENCY OF PLATING 393
E. Rosette-Plaque Methods for Detection of Allotype and 
397 
1. INTRODUCTION 397
2. DETECTION OF INDIVIDUAL HAPTEN BINDING AND ANTIHAPTEN SECRETING CELLS 399
3. ALLOTYPIC MARKERS ON LYMPHOCYTES WHICH 
400 
CHAPTER 27. Histological Methods 402
A. Preparation of Tissue for Light Microscopic Study 
402 
1. INTRODUCTION 402
2. THEORY AND APPLICATION 404
3. PREPARATIVE METHODS 434
B. Fluorescent Antibody as Specific Cytochemical Reagents 451
1. PREPARATION OF FLUORESCEIN-COUPLED GLOBULINS 452
2. TISSUE PREPARATION FOR IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE 
464 
3. "STAINING" WITH LABELED ANTIBODY 466
4. CONTROL ON SPECIFICITY OF FLUOROCHROME 
468 
5. MICROSCOPY 470
6. PHOTOGRAPHY 470
7. TETRAMETHYLRHODAMINE ISOTHIOCYANATE (TRITC) ANTIBODY CONJUGATES 471
8. VISUALIZATION OF ANTIGENS BY FLUOROCHROME 
473 
9. STAINING WITH FITC-COUPLED AND FERRITIN-COUPLEDUNIVALENT ANTIBODY FRAGMENTS ("HYBRIDANTIBODIES") 474
C. Fluorescent Proteins for the Determination of Cell Death 476
D. Histone Staining for Lymphoid Cell Nuclei 478
1. INTRODUCTION 478
2. METHODS 479
3. ANALYSIS OF RESULTS 480
CHAPTER 28. Application of Electron Microscopy to Problems inImmunology 484
A. Introduction 484
B. Immune Labeling for Electron Microscopy 485
1. FERRITIN-CONJUGATED ANTIBODY MARKERS FOR 
485 
2. HYBRID ANTIBODY MARKERS FOR ELECTRON 
491 
3. Enzyme-Labeled Antibody Markers for Electron Microscopy 509
C. Electron Microscopy of Immunoglobulins and Immune Complexes 522
1. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 522
2. PROCEDURES 523
3. IMMUNOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 529
Author Index 534
Subject Index 550

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 10.5.2014
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete
• Themenwelt: Studium ► Querschnittsbereiche ► Infektiologie / Immunologie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie
• Themenwelt: Technik
• ISBN-10: 1-4832-2060-5 / 1483220605
• ISBN-13: 978-1-4832-2060-4 / 9781483220604