Chemical Pathways of Metabolism (eBook)

David M. Greenberg (Herausgeber)

eBook Download: PDF

2014 | 1. Auflage
470 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-1-4832-7427-0 (ISBN)

Infos

Chemical Pathways of Metabolism, Volume I focuses on the chemical steps involved in the metabolism of the major constituents of living organisms. The selection first elaborates on free energy and metabolism, enzymes in metabolic sequences, and glycolysis. Discussions focus on comparative biochemistry of glycolysis, enzymes of the glycolytic cycle, oxidative conversion of glucose to tetrose, transmethylation, and free energy and its determination. The manuscript then examines the tricarboxylic acid cycle and other pathways of carbohydrate metabolism. The text ponders on the biosynthesis of complex saccharides, including mechanisms of disaccharide formation, syntheses of branched polysaccharides, synthesis of levan from sucrose, and reversibility reactions by hydrolytic enzymes. The publication then elaborates on fat metabolism and acetoacetate formation and sterol and steroid metabolism. Topics include androgens, sterols, phospholipides or phosphatides, path of fat absorption, and theories of fatty acid breakdown and acetoacetate formation. The selection is a dependable reference for researchers interested in the chemical pathways of metabolism.

Inhalt

Front Cover 1
Chemical Pathways of Metabolism 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 10
CONTRIBUTORS .. VOLUME I 6
PREFACE 8
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS 12
CHAPTER 1. 
14 
I. INTRODUCTION 14
II. FREE ENERGY AND ITS DETERMINATION 15
III. SOURCES OF ENERGY 26
IV. RELEASE OF ENERGY 31
CHAPTER 2. 
40 
I. INTRODUCTION 40
II. CYCLOPHORASE-MITOCHONDRIAL SYSTEM 42
III. ENZYMES OF THE GLYCOLYTIC CYCLE 85
IV. OXIDATIVE CONVERSION OF GLUCOSE TO TETROSE 65
V. SYNTHESIS OF GLUTATHIONE 68
VI. TRANSMETHYLATION 68
VII. ENERGIZING OF SYNTHETIC REACTIONS 69
VIII. ENZYMES WITH MORE THAN ONE CATALYTIC FUNCTION 74
IX. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHES TO THE RECONSTRUCTION OF METABOLIC SEQUENCES 75
CHAPTER 3. 
80 
I. INTRODUCTION 81
II. ENERGETICS 83
III. ENZYMES OF THE GLYCOLYTIC CYCLE 85
IV. REVERSAL OF GLYCOLYSIS 104
V. FACTORS INFLUENCING GLYCOLYSIS 105
VI. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY OF GLYCOLYSIS 113
CHAPTER 4. 
122 
I. INTRODUCTION 123
II. THE CYCLE IN ANIMAL TISSUES 125
III. THE CYCLE IN MICROORGANISMS 145
IV. THE CYCLE IN PLANT MATERIAL 153
VI. FORMATION OF ACETYL COENZYME A 164
VII. THE FREE ENERGY CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH THE INDIVIDUAL STEPS OF THE CYCLE 170
VIII. OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION 175
CHAPTER 5. 
186 
I. THE METABOLISM OF FRUCTOSE 189
II. THE METABOLISM OF GALACTOSE 194
III. THE OXIDATION OF GLUCOSE AND GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE 200
IV. THE METABOLISM OF GLUCONATE 205
V. DEGRADATION OF 6-PHOSPHOGLUCONATE 210
VI. THE METABOLISM OF RIBULOSE-5-PHOSPHATE 216
VII. THE METABOLISM OF PENTOSES 219
VIII. OTHER KETOPENTOSES 224
IX. THE METABOLISM OF D-RIBOSE AND DESOXYRIBOSE 226
X. ALTERNATE PATHWAYS OF GLUCOSE UTILIZATION IN INTACT CELLS190a 230
XI. OTHER MECHANISMS OF RIBOSE FORMATION 237
XII. THE METABOLISM OF URONIC ACIDS 238
XIII. THE METABOLISM OF HEXOSAMINE 243
XIV. CONCLUSIONS 245
CHAPTER 6. 
248 
I. SYNTHESIS OF MONOSACCHARIDES 249
II. REVERSIBILITY REACTIONS BY HYDROLYTIC ENZYMES 252
III. MECHANISMS OF DISACCHARIDE FORMATION 253
IV. SYNTHESIS OF a-LINKED POLYSACCHARIDES BY THE ACTION OF PHOSPHORYLASE 260
V. SYNTHESES OF BRANCHED POLYSACCHARIDES 265
VI. STRUCTURE OF GLYCOGEN AND AMYLOPECTIN 270
VII. SYNTHESIS OF STARCH-GLYCOGEN TYPE POLYSACCHARIDES BY TRANSGLUCOSIDASES 273
VIII. SYNTHESIS OF DEXTRAN 278
IX. SYNTHESIS OF LEVAN FROM SUCROSE 280
X. SYNTHESIS OF 1,6-a-LINKED OLIGOSACCHARIDES 281
XI. SYNTHESIS OF FRUCTOSANS 282
XII. SYNTHESIS OF GALACTOSE-CONTAINING SACCHARIDES 284
XIII. MECHANISMS OF FORMATION OF ß-LINKED SACCHARIDES 285
CHAPTER 7. 
290 
I. INTRODUCTION 291
II. THE APPLICATION OF LABELING AGENTS IN THE STUDY OF LIPIDE METABOLISM 292
III. THE CONCEPT OF THE DYNAMIC STATE OF BODY FATS 296
IV. THEORIES OF FATTY ACID BREAKDOWN AND ACETOACETATE FORMATION 298
V. SITES OF FATTY ACID OXIDATION 303
VI. OXIDATION OF FATTY ACIDS BY THE WHOLE ANIMAL 307
VII. INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM 310
VIII. PHOSPHOLIPIDES OR PHOSPHATIDES 350
IX. THE PATH OF FAT ABSORPTION 357
ADDENDUM 359
CHAPTER 8. 
362 
I. STEROLS 362
II. ADRENOCORTICAL HORMONES 378
III. ANDROGENS 394
IV. PROGESTERONE 409
V. ESTROGENS 418
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 424
Author Index 426
Subject Index 446

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 12.5.2014
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Studium ► 1. Studienabschnitt (Vorklinik) ► Physiologie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Humanbiologie
• Themenwelt: Technik
• ISBN-10: 1-4832-7427-6 / 1483274276
• ISBN-13: 978-1-4832-7427-0 / 9781483274270