Human Biology (eBook)

Made Simple

Robert Barrass (Autor)

eBook Download: PDF

2013 | 1. Auflage
320 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-1-4831-6423-6 (ISBN)

Infos

Human Biology Made Simple is an introductory work on the study of biology in relation to people and the interdependence of all living things. This book is organized into three parts encompassing 31 chapters. Part 1 deals with the people and the other animals and plants which make lives possible. This part examines the study of life and its continuity, laws of heredity, multicellular organisms, cells and tissues, and the interdependence of all organisms. Part 2 discusses the body and how it works, as well as the benefits of physical fitness, personal health, and hygiene. Part 3 highlights social life, the social consequences of many discoveries in biology, and some problems of community and world health. This book will prove useful to health education and human biology students.

Inhalt

Front Cover 1
Human Biology 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 12
Preface 6
Acknowledgements 8
By the same author 9
Key to Abbreviations and Symbols 10
PART 1: PEOPLE AND BIOLOGY 18
CHAPTER 1. PEOPLE AND OTHER LIVING THINGS 20
We are Organisms 20
We are Animals 21
We are Mammals 23
We are Primates 25
Test Questions 27
CHAPTER 2. THE FIRST PEOPLE 28
The Fossil Record 28
Ways in which People are Unique 29
Test Questions 33
CHAPTER 3. THE STUDY OF LIFE 34
The Rise of Science 34
The Work of Biologists 35
Keeping a Record 36
Test Questions 37
CHAPTER 4. ANYONE ELSE LIKE YOU? 38
Differences between Races 38
Differences between the Sexes 39
Differences between Individuals 39
Test Questions 42
CHAPTER 5. LAWS OF HEREDITY 43
Parents and Their Offspring 43
Hybridisation 43
Interpretation of Results of a Monohybrid Cross 44
Heritable and Non-heritable Variation 49
Test Questions 49
CHAPTER 6. THE CONTINUITY OF LIFE 50
Some Evidence of Evolution 50
Selection 51
Further Evidence of Evolution 52
Constancy and Change 53
Test Questions 55
CHAPTER 7. MICRO-ORGANISMS 56
The Use of Microscopes 56
Microscopic Organisms (Micro-organisms) 58
Test Questions 61
CHAPTER 8. WHAT IS LIFE? 62
What Living Things are Made of 62
The Life of a Bacterial Cell 65
The Life of Amoeba and Chlamydomonas 67
What is Life? 73
Test Questions 74
CHAPTER 9. MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS 75
The Parts of You 75
Cell Structure and Function 75
Technical Terms 81
Test Questions 82
CHAPTER 10. CELLS AND TISSUES 83
Cell Division 85
Chromosome Structure and Duplication 87
Control of Activity in the Cell 89
Differentiation 89
Test Questions 92
CHAPTER 11. ENERGY FROM SUNLIGHT 93
How Scientists Work 93
The Discovery of Photosynthesis 93
Ecological Importance of Photosynthesis 97
Day and Night 97
The Seasons 99
Test Questions 99
CHAPTER 12. SAPROBIONTS 100
Yeast: a Unicellular Fungus 100
A Bread Mould: Rhizopus 101
The Role of Saprobionts in Decay 102
Studying Micro-organisms 106
Micro-organisms in Food 108
Beneficial Micro-organisms 109
Test Questions 110
CHAPTER 13. THE INTERDEPENDENCE OF ALL ORGANISMS 111
Ecological Succession and Soil Formation 111
The Structure and Properties of Soils 112
Effects of Cultivation on the Soil 114
Food Chains and Food Webs 117
The Interdependence of all Organisms 118
Test Questions 119
PART 2: MAN AND WOMAN 122
CHAPTER 14. FEEDING AND DIGESTION 124
Your Teeth 124
Your Alimentary Cana! and Digestion 125
Digestion, Absorption and Assimilation 127
Test Questions 131
CHAPTER 15. PROTECTION, SUPPORT AND MOVEMENT 132
Your Skin and its Functions 132
Your Skeleton and Skeletal Muscles 134
Movement and Posture 138
Test Questions 142
CHAPTER 16. YOUR LUNGS 143
Breathing 144
Respiratory Surfaces 145
Air Pollution and Health 147
Smoking or Health 148
Test Questions 150
CHAPTER 17. THE USE OF MATERIALS AND ENERGY IN CELLS 152
Respiration 152
Metabolism 155
Your Liver—its Structure and Functions 157
Excretion 159
Test Questions 159
CHAPTER 18. YOUR KIDNEYS 161
Structure and Functions of your Kidneys 161
Test Questions 163
CHAPTER 19. THE CIRCULATION OF YOUR BLOOD 165
Your Blood Circulatory System 165
Your Heart 167
Blood, Tissue Fluid and Lymph 169
Test Questions 175
CHAPTER 20.YOUR SENSES 176
Hearing, Balance and Posture 176
Vision 178
Test Questions 181
CHAPTER 21. COORDINATION AND CONTROL 182
Hormones 182
Nerves and Nerve Impulses 184
Differences between Hormonal and Neural Control 187
Summary of the Tissues of the Body 188
Test Questions 190
CHAPTER 22. CONSTANCY BASED ON CHANGE: HOMEOSTASIS 191
Control of Blood Sugar Level 192
Control of Body Temperature 193
Reactions to Danger 195
Harmful Effects of Drugs 196
Good Health 199
Test Questions 200
CHAPTER 23. REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS 201
Meiotic Cell Division 201
Reproductive Systems of a Man and a Woman 202
Development of the Breasts and Milk Secretion 206
Test Questions 207
PART 3: PEOPLE 208
CHAPTER 24. CHILDREN 210
Sexual Behaviour and Pregnancy 210
Having a Baby 210
Caring for the Mother and her Baby 212
Every Baby should be Wanted 214
Unplanned Pregnancies 216
Sexual Behaviour and Disease 218
Some Things that Every Boy and Girl should Know 219
Test Questions 220
CHAPTER 25. HEREDITY IN PEOPLE 221
Pedigree Analysis 221
The Role of the Chromosomes in Heredity 222
Sex Determination and Sex Linkage 223
More about Chromosomes 225
Genetic Counselling 227
The Choice of Organisms for Genetics 227
Test Questions 227
CHAPTER 26. FAMILY LIFE 229
Babyhood 229
Infancy 230
Childhood 231
Puberty and Adolescence 232
Maturity 235
Old Age 236
Test Questions 237
CHAPTER 27. YOUR GUIDE TO GOOD FEEDING 238
Body-building Foods 238
Energy-giving Foods 242
A Balanced Diet 243
Harmful or Potentially Harmful Foods 249
Test Questions 249
CHAPTER 28. PARASITES OF PEOPLE 251
Flatworms that cause Diseases 251
Ronndworms that cause Diseases 253
Protists that cause Diseases 255
Bacteria that cause Diseases 257
Viruses that cause Diseases 260
Test Questions 261
CHAPTER 29. FAMILY HEALTH 262
Your Home 262
Hygiene 263
Test Questions 268
CHAPTER 30. COMMUNITY HEALTH 269
Town Planning 269
Preventing the Spread of Pathogens 269
Preventing Diseases by Immunisation and Vaccination 276
Health Education and Recreation 276
Legislation and Community Health 278
World Health 281
Test Questions 282
CHAPTER 31. PEOPLE—PEOPLE—PEOPLE 283
Food for People 283
Always more People 284
How People Affect the Environment 284
Too Many People 286
Test Questions 288
Appendix 1: VISUAL AIDS 290
Appendix 2: FURTHER READING 292
Appendix 3: EXAMINATION TECHNIQUE 293
Appendix 4: ANSWERS TO TEST QUESTIONS 295
Appendix 5: GLOSSARY 298
INDEX 304

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 22.10.2013
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Studium ► 1. Studienabschnitt (Vorklinik) ► Physiologie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Humanbiologie
• Themenwelt: Technik
• ISBN-10: 1-4831-6423-3 / 1483164233
• ISBN-13: 978-1-4831-6423-6 / 9781483164236