Molecular and Cellular Toxicology (eBook)

An Introduction

Lesley Stanley (Autor)

eBook Download: EPUB

2014
John Wiley & Sons (Verlag)
978-1-118-52601-9 (ISBN)

Infos

Toxicology is the study of the adverse effects of chemical, physical, or biological agents on people, animals, and the environment. Toxicologists are trained to investigate, interpret, and communicate the nature of those effects. 

Over the last ten years the subject of toxicology has changed dramatically, moving from a discipline which was once firmly wedded to traditional methods to one which is keen to embrace the innovative techniques emerging from the developing fields of cell culture and molecular biology. There is an acute need for this to be reflected in a paradigm shift which takes advantage of the opportunities offered by modern developments in the life sciences, including new in vitro and in silico approaches, alternative whole organism (non-mammalian) models and the exploitation of ‘omics methods, high throughput screening (HTS) techniques and molecular imaging technologies.

This concise, accessible introduction to the field includes the very latest concepts and methodologies. It provides MSc, PhD and final year undergraduate students in pharmacy, biomedical and life sciences, as well as individuals starting out in the cosmetics, consumer products, pharmaceutical and testing industries, with everything they need to know to get to grips with the fast moving field of toxicology and the current approaches used in the risk assessment of drugs and chemicals.

Autor

Dr Lesley Stanley is a toxicologist with over 20 years experience in assessing the effects of chemicals on human health. Her fi rst degree was in Biochemistry from the University of Oxford and she obtained her PhD from the University of Edinburgh. Since May 2005 she has been a freelance consultant in Investigative Toxicology, while her previous experience includes three years as Head of Operations at CXR Biosciences Ltd, Dundee, and six years lecturing in Biomedical Science at De Montfort University, Leicester, as well as spells at the MRC Toxicology Unit and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, North Carolina, USA. Dr Stanley was a member of the Committee on Toxicity from 2001- to 2007 and has been a member of the Hazardous Substances Advisory Committee (previously the Advisory Committee on Hazardous Substances) since 2007. She is also Deputy Chair of the Panel of the UK Register of Toxicologists.

Rezensionen

"Overall, we consider that this book is a useful summary of current and emerging techniques in molecular toxicology." (BTS Newsletter, 1 March 2015)

Textauszug

Abbreviations

3Rs	replacement, refinement and reduction (of the use of animals in research)

4-ABP

4-aminobiphenyl

AAF	acetylaminofluorene

ADME	Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion

AFB1	aflatoxin B1

AhR	arylhydrocarbon receptor

ALT	alanine aminotransferase

ASO	allele-specific oligonucleotide

ASPCR

allele-specific polymerase chain reaction

AST	aspartate aminotransferase

ATP	adenosine triphosphate

AUC	area under the plasma concentration–time curve

BAC	bacterial artificial chromosome

BBB	blood-brain barrier

BMD	benchmark dose

bp

base pair

BrdU	bromodeoxyuridine

CAR	constitutive androstane receptor

cdk	cyclin-dependent kinase

cDNA

copy DNA

CEBS	Chemical Effects on Biological Systems

ChIP	chromatin immunoprecipitation

CHO	Chinese hamster ovary

CIN	cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

CITCO

6-(4-chlorophenyl)-imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole-5-carbaldehyde

CLINT

intrinsic clearance

CMAX	maximum (plasma) concentration

CNS	central nervous system

COMET

Consortium for Metabonomic Toxicology

CPMP	European Committee for Proprietary Medical Products

CYP	cytochrome P450

DDI	drug–drug interaction

DEHP	diethylhexylphthalate

DEN	diethylnitrosamine

DILI	drug-induced liver injury

DMBA	7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthrancene

DMN	dimethylnitrosamine

DMSO	dimethyl sulphoxide

EC50	concentration giving 50% of maximal effect

ECHA	European Chemical Agency

ECVAM

European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods

EFSA	European Food Safety Authority

EMA	European Medicines Agency

ENU	ethylnitrosourea

EPA	US Environmental Protection Agency

ESC	embryonic stem cell

EST	embryonic stem cell test

EU	European Union

FABP	fatty acid binding protein

FDA	US Food and Drug Administration

floxed

flanked with loxP sites

GC	gas chromatography

GFP	green fluorescent protein

γGT	gamma glutamyl transpeptidase

GI	gastrointestinal

GLP	Good Laboratory Practice

GSH	glutathione

GST	glutathione S-transferase

GTP	guanosine triphosphate

GWAS	genome-wide association study

HCC	hepatocellular carcinoma

hERG	human ether-a-go-go related gene

HO-1	haem oxygenase 1

HPRT	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase

HRNTM

Hepatic Reductase NullTM

HTS	high throughput screening

i.p.	intraperitoneal

i.v.	intravenous

IC50	concentration giving 50% inhibition

ICH	International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use

ILSI	International Life Sciences Institute

iPSC	induced pluripotent stem cell

IVIVE

in vitro–in vivo extrapolation

kb

kilobase

kD	kilo Dalton

KEGG	Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes

KM	Michaelis constant

KOW	octanol-water partition coefficient

LC	liquid chromatography

LC-MS/MS

liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

LD50	dose giving 50% lethality

LDH	lactate dehydrogenase

LOAEL

lowest observed adverse effect level

LPS	lipopolysaccharide

MALDI

matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation

MAPK	mitogen-activated protein kinase

MDCK	Madin-Darby canine kidney

MDR	multidrug resistance protein

MHLW	Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

MHRA	Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency

MIAME

Minimum Information About a Microarray Experiment

MIAPE

Minimum Information About a Proteomics Experiment

MNU	methylnitrosourea

MOE	margin of exposure

mRNA	messenger RNA

MRP	multi-drug resistance-associated protein

MS	mass spectrometry

MTD	maximum tolerated dose

NADPH

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

NAT	N-acetyltransferase

NHS	UK National Health Service

NIEHS

US National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences

NIH	US National Institutes of Health

NMR	nuclear magnetic resonance

NOAEL

no observed adverse effect level

NTP	US National Toxicology Programme

OECD	Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

p.o.

perioral

PAH	polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon

PAMPA

Passive Artificial Membrane Permeability Assay

Papp	apparent permeability

PB	phenobarbital

PBBK	physiologically based biokinetic

PBPK	physiologically based pharmacokinetic

PBTK	physiologically based toxicokinetic

PCN	pregnenlonone 16α-carbonitrile

PCR	polymerase chain reaction

PhIP	2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo-[4,5-b]pyridine

pKa	acid dissociation constant

PPARα

peroxisome proliferater activated receptor α

PPD	p-phenylene diamine

PXR	pregnane X-receptor

QA	quality assurance

QC	quality control

QSAR	quantitative structure–activity relationship

QSPR	quantitative structure–permeability relationship

RFLP	restriction...

Produkt-Details

• Erscheint lt. Verlag: 2.4.2014
• Sprache: englisch
• Themenwelt: Medizin / Pharmazie ► Gesundheitsfachberufe
• Themenwelt: Studium ► 2. Studienabschnitt (Klinik) ► Pharmakologie / Toxikologie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Biochemie
• Themenwelt: Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Mikrobiologie / Immunologie
• Themenwelt: Technik
• Schlagworte: Acute • advantage • APPROACHES • Biowissenschaften • Cell & Molecular Biology • Chemie • Chemistry • Discipline • firmly • Last • Life Sciences • Medical Science • Medizin • Methods • Molekularbiologie • moving • Need • New • nonmammalian models • Oldfashioned • Omics • once • Opportunities • organism • paradigm • Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical Medicine • Pharmakologie u. Pharmazeutische Medizin • Shift • silico • Subject • ten years • Toxicology • Toxikologie • Traditional • Vitro • whole • Zellbiologie • Zell- u. Molekularbiologie
• ISBN-10: 1-118-52601-5 / 1118526015
• ISBN-13: 978-1-118-52601-9 / 9781118526019