Histamine and Histamine Antagonists

Buch | Softcover

XXVI, 763 Seiten

2011
Springer Berlin (Verlag)
978-3-642-75842-3 (ISBN)

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With contributions by numerous experts

Together with the two previous volumes of the Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology on histamine and antihistamines the present publication yields a picture of a still rapidly developing field of research. New techniques and new experimental approaches have brought us new knowledge and deeper insight into the biomedical significance of histamine, even if many questions remain to be answered about the functional and medical implications of this old biogenic amine. The present volume covers the progress in histamine research during the past two decades. A significant chapter concerns techniques for histamine determination. As the result of a consensus meeting in Munich in December 1988, a panel of eminent specialists arrived at common recommendations as to the usefulness of the available histamine assays for the most common experimental biomedical conditions. The heterogeneity of mast cells, with great differences in their reactivity to various stimuli, has become apparent, not only among species but also among the tissues of a species. New informa tion is presented about the mechanism of exocytosis. The old questions about the role of histamine in the mechanism of gastric secretion and in cardio vascular and respiratory functions have been studied with new techniques, and the role of HI and H2 receptors discussed. New observations have been made on the occurrence and possible functions of histaminergic neurons and histamine receptors in CNS where a new type of receptor, the H , seems to 3 be widely represented.

1 Current Techniques of Histamine Determination.- A. Suggestions to Those Who Have Become Histaminologists at a Time of Overflooding and Biased Information.- References.- B. Bioassays.- I. Introduction.- II. Description.- III. Practicability.- IV. Reliability.- V. Comments.- References.- C. Fluorometric Assays.- I. Introduction.- II. Modifications of the Fluorometric Assay.- III. Strategy for Selecting a Modified Fluorometric Assay for Solving a Specific Analytical Problem.- IV. Combined Method as a Standard Technique for Histamine Assays in Tissues, Body Fluids and Isolated Cells.- 1. Sample-Taking and Preparation.- 2. Homogenization and Centrifugation.- 3. Ion-Exchange Chromatography on Dowex 50W-X8.- 4. Extraction by Solvent Partition.- 5. Condensation Step.- 6. Measurement and Calculation of Histamine Contents.- V. Reliability and Practicability of the Fluorometric Methods.- 1. Detectability (Sensitivity).- 2. Specificity.- 3. Precision.- 4. Accuracy.- 5. Practicability.- VI. Conclusions.- References.- D. Automated Fluorometric Assays.- I. Introduction.- II. Chemistry of the Reactions.- III. Chemical System in Use in the Author's Laboratory.- IV. Carry-Over.- V. Detectability.- VI. Specificity.- VII. With-Run Imprecision.- VIII. Practicability.- IX. Glass Microfibre-Based Histamine Assay.- X. Conclusions.- References.- E. Radioenzymatic Assays in Biological Fluids.- I. Introduction.- II. Assay Procedures.- III. Applications.- IV. Precision, Accuracy and Specificity.- V. Sensitivity.- References.- F. Determination by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography.- I. Techniques.- II. Detection and Derivatization.- III. Performance Characteristics.- 1. Precision.- 2. Accuracy and Specificity.- 3. Detectability.- IV. Coanalysis of Related Compounds.- V. Practicability.- VI.Conclusions.- References.- G. Determination in Biological Samples by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.- I. Introduction.- II. Description.- 1. Materials.- 2. Sample Handling.- 3. Extraction Procedure.- 4. Preparation of Standards.- 5. Derivatization.- 6. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.- 7. Quantification.- III. Practicability.- IV. Precision, Accuracy and Specificity.- References.- H. Immunologic Methods.- I. Introduction.- II. Description.- III. Practicability.- IV. Precision.- V. Accuracy and Specificity.- VI. Detectability.- VII. Format of the Assessment Report.- References.- J. Measurement of Histamine Metabolites.- I. Introduction.- II. Enhancement of Insights into the Physiological and Pathophysiological Roles of Histamine by Measuring Its Metabolites.- References.- K. Munich Consensus Development Conference on Histamine Determination.- I. Consensus Development Conference: A New Strategy for Solving Problems Not Only in Clinical Medicine But Also in Biomedicine in a Formalized Way.- II. Results: The Consensus Statement.- 1. What Criteria Should be Used to Analyse the Reliability of a Histamine Assay?.- a) Detectability (Sensitivity).- b) Specificity.- c) Precision.- d) Accuracy.- 2. How Reliable at Present are the Principal Assays for Measuring Histamine in Standard Solutions with Authentic Histamine.- 3. How Reliable at Present are the Principal Assays for Measuring Histamine in Human Plasma?.- 4. Is the Usefulness of the Principal Assays for Obtaining Reliable Histamine Values Demonstrated for a Series of Biomedical Conditions and for Some More Complex Situations?.- III. Conclusion.- References.- 2 Heterogeneity of Mast Cells.- A. Introduction: Role and Distribution of Mast Cells.- B. Aspects of Mast Cell Heterogeneity.- I. Histochemical Differences Between Mast Cells.- II. Ultrastructural Differences Between Mast Cells.- III. Differences in Preformed and Newly Synthesized Mast Cell Mediators.- IV. Functional Differences: Variations in Response to Secretory Stimuli and Anti-Allergic Drugs.- C. Origins of Mast Cell Heterogeneity.- D. Summary and Conclusions.- I. Implications of Mast Cell Heterogeneity.- II. Problems of Nomenclature.- III. Conclusi

Erscheint lt. Verlag	3.12.2011
Reihe/Serie	Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology
Zusatzinfo	XXVI, 763 p.
Verlagsort	Berlin
Sprache	englisch
Maße	155 x 235 mm
Gewicht	1181 g
Themenwelt	Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Pharmakologie / Pharmakotherapie
	Medizin / Pharmazie ► Pharmazie
	Studium ► 1. Studienabschnitt (Vorklinik) ► Physiologie
	Studium ► Querschnittsbereiche ► Infektiologie / Immunologie
Schlagworte	Allergie • Antagonist • Histamine • Mastzelle • Research
ISBN-10	3-642-75842-8 / 3642758428
ISBN-13	978-3-642-75842-3 / 9783642758423
Zustand	Neuware